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glutathione peroxidase reductase 4

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	5 alpha Reductase (2) Aldose Reductase (31) Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) (13) Glutathione Peroxidase (35) Glutathione Reductase (GR) (1) Glutathione S-transferase (44) GSNOR (3) HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) (18) Quinone Reductase (1) TrxR (7) VKOR (1) 17β-HSD (1) Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (1) ADC Linker (9) ADC Payload (5) Adenosine Receptor (1) Akt (5) Amino Acid Derivatives (3) Amino acid Transporter (1) AMPK (1) Amyloid-β (1) Angiotensin Receptor (2) Antibiotic (15) Antifolate (28) Apoptosis (65) Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (1) ASK1 (2) Atg8/LC3 (1) ATM/ATR (2) Autophagy (21) Bacterial (48) Biochemical Assay Reagents (37) Calcineurin (1) Calcium Channel (10) CaMK (1) Cannabinoid Receptor (1) Caspase (2) CDK (1) CFTR (1) Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) (2) Cholinesterase (ChE) (2) COMT (1) COX (7) Cytochrome P450 (15) Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (1) DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker (5) DNA Stain (4) DNA-PK (1) DNA/RNA Synthesis (22) Drug Derivative (2) Drug Intermediate (3) Drug Isomer (1) Drug Metabolite (18) EGFR (2) Endogenous Metabolite (87) ERK (2) Estrogen Receptor/ERR (4) FAAH (1) Farnesyl Transferase (2) Ferroptosis (47) Fluorescent Dye (44) Fungal (8) FXR (1) GLUT (1) Glycosidase (1) Glyoxalase (GLO) (6) HBV (1) HCV (2) Herbicide (2) HIV (2) HIV Protease (2) HSV (1) iGluR (1) Influenza Virus (6) Insulin Receptor (1) Interleukin Related (5) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (34) JAK (1) JNK (2) Keap1-Nrf2 (10) Lactate Dehydrogenase (2) LDLR (3) Liposome (1) Lipoxygenase (2) LXR (1) MDM-2/p53 (3) MEK (1) Microtubule/Tubulin (3) Mitochondrial Metabolism (7) Mitophagy (4) Mitosis (1) MMP (1) Monoamine Oxidase (3) mTOR (1) Na+/K+ ATPase (1) NF-κB (12) NO Synthase (3) NOD-like Receptor (NLR) (1) Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog (3) Oxidative Phosphorylation (2) P-glycoprotein (1) p38 MAPK (8) p62 (2) Pantetheinase (1) Parasite (11) PD-1/PD-L1 (1) PDI (1) Phosphatase (1) PI3K (1) PKC (1) Polo-like Kinase (PLK) (1) Potassium Channel (1) PPAR (5) Prostaglandin Receptor (2) PROTAC Linkers (2) PROTACs (2) Pyroptosis (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (71) Reference Standards (54) ROS Kinase (3) SOD (1) STAT (2) STING (1) Thymidylate Synthase (1) TMV (1) TNF Receptor (5) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (1) Transferrin Receptor (1) Tyrosinase (1) VAP-1 (1) VDAC (1) Virus Protease (3) Wnt (1) α-synuclein (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (223) Cardiovascular Disease (51) Endocrinology (13) Infection (72) Inflammation/Immunology (105) Metabolic Disease (125) Neurological Disease (66)
Click Chemistry:	Labeling and Fluorescence Imaging (1) Azide (1) Alkynes (6)
Oligonucleotides:	Liposomal Products (1)

592

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Fluorescent Dye

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

MCE Kits

122

Natural
Products

Recombinant Proteins

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Antibodies

Click Chemistry

Oligonucleotides

Targets Recommended: Glutathione Peroxidase Glutathione Reductase (GR) Peroxidase Enzyme Glutathione S-transferase Quinone Reductase Carbonyl Reductase Aldose Reductase 5 alpha Reductase Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) TrxR GSNOR VKOR

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-P2833

**Glutathione Peroxidase** GSH-Px; EC 1.11.1.9	Glutathione Peroxidase	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px; EC 1.11.1.9) belongs to the peroxidase family and is commonly used in biochemical research. Glutathione Peroxidase can catalyze reduced glutathione (GSH) to form a disulfide bridge with another glutathione molecule, convert it into oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and react with hydrogen peroxide or lipid peroxide reaction, reducing it to H₂O. Glutathione Peroxidase is an effective antioxidant against oxidative stress .

HY-P5069A

Glutathione diethyl ester TFA	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione diethyl ester (TFA) is a delivery agent for glutathione monoester, and thus for glutathione, in human cells and therefore could serve to decrease oxidative stress and toxicity .

HY-144868

Glutathione synthesis-IN-1	Others	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione synthesis-IN-1 (DC-1) is a glutathione synthesis inhibitor .

HY-139381

MitoEbselen-2 chloride Mitoperoxidase 2	Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease
MitoEbselen-2 chloride (MitoPeroxidase 2), a mitochondria-targeted mimic of glutathione peroxidase, is a radiation mitigator. MitoEbselen-2 chloride is effective in reducing lipid hydroperoxides, preventing apoptotic cell death .

HY-D0844

Glutathione oxidized 5+ Cited Publications L-glutathione oxidized; GSSG; Oxiglutatione	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione oxidized (L-Glutathione oxidized) is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes .

HY-D0844R

Glutathione oxidized (Standard) L-glutathione oxidized (Standard); GSSG (Standard); Oxiglutatione (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione oxidized (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glutathione oxidized. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glutathione oxidized (L-Glutathione oxidized) is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes .

HY-141809

GPX4-IN-3 2 Publications Verification	Glutathione Peroxidase Ferroptosis	Cancer
GPX4-IN-3 (26a) is a potent **glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor as a selective ferroptosis** inducer. GPX4-IN-3 (26a) exhibits 71.7% inhibition for GPX4 with 1 μM .

HY-100003

ML-210 15+ Cited Publications	Glutathione Peroxidase Ferroptosis	Cancer
ML-210 is a selective and covalent **glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor with an EC₅₀** of 30 nM. ML-210 binds the GPX4 selenocysteine residue. ML-210 has anti-cancer activity .

HY-N8115

S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione	Others	Neurological Disease
S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione is a glutathione derivative. S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione inhibits the in vitro binding of kainic acid to brain glutamate receptors, with an IC₅₀ of 2 μM .

HY-P5069

Glutathione diethyl ester	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione diethyl ester is a delivery agent for glutathione monoester, and thus for glutathione, in human cells and therefore could serve to decrease oxidative stress and toxicity .

HY-B1000A

L-SelenoMethionine 2 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis	Cancer
L-SelenoMethionine, an L-isomer of Selenomethionine, is a major natural food-form of selenium. L-SelenoMethionin is a cancer chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer incidence by dietary supplementation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. L-SelenoMethionine also can increase expression of glutathione peroxidase .

HY-138153

JKE-1674 5 Publications Verification	Glutathione Peroxidase Ferroptosis	Cancer
JKE-1674 is an orally active glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor and an active metabolite of *GPX4* inhibitor ML-210. JKE-1674, an analog of ML-210 in which the nitroisoxazole ring is replaced with an α-nitroketoxime. JKE-1674 can convert into a nitrile oxide JKE-1777. JKE-1674 kills LOX-IMVI cells in a manner that is equipotent to ML-210 and is completely rescued by ferroptosis inhibitors .

HY-B1000AR

L-SelenoMethionine (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis	Cancer
L-SelenoMethionine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-SelenoMethionine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-SelenoMethionine, an L-isomer of Selenomethionine, is a major natural food-form of selenium. L-SelenoMethionin is a cancer chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer incidence by dietary supplementation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. L-SelenoMethionine also can increase expression of glutathione peroxidase .

HY-W013754

S-Hexylglutathione	Glutathione S-transferase	Others
S-Hexylglutathione is an S-substituted glutathione in which the hydrogen of the thiol has been replaced by a hexyl group. S-Hexylglutathione is also an competitive inhibitor against *glutathione-S-transferase. S-Hexylglutathione can be used as an affinity chromatographic ligand for glutathione-S-transferase* and glutathione peroxidase .

HY-132183

Chloride peroxidase	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Chloride peroxidase is a monomeric, heme-containing enzyme. Chloride peroxidase is capable of electrophilic chlorinations through the umpolung of chloride by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide .

HY-125859D

Peroxidase (recombinant)	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Peroxidase (recombinant) belongs to the class of the heme-family peroxidases and is a recombinant lignin-depolymerising .

HY-NP090A

*Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I (peroxidase)* UEA I (peroxidase)	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I (peroxidase) (UEA I (peroxidase)) has anti-H blood group specificity. Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I (peroxidase) has an affinity for L-fucose .

HY-132188

Manganese peroxidase	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Manganese peroxidase is a heme protein that oxidizes Mn2+ to Mn3+. Manganese peroxidase catalyzes plant lignin de-polymerization. Manganese peroxidase can be used for the biodegradation of hazardous environmental contaminants, and especially for dye wastewater decolorization .

HY-NP0152

*Wheat Germ Agglutinin (Peroxidase)* WGA (peroxidase)	Fluorescent Dye	Others
Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) Peroxidase is a plant lectin that can be used as a probe to specifically bind biomolecules (such as polysaccharides, peptides, etc.).Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) Peroxidase is a biological material or organic compound that can be used in life science research .

HY-D0844S

Glutathione oxidized-13C4,15N2 1 Publications Verification L-glutathione oxidized-¹³C₄,¹⁵N₂; GSSG-¹³C₄,¹⁵N₂; Oxiglutatione-¹³C₄,¹⁵N₂	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione oxidized- ¹³C₄, ¹⁵N₂ is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Glutathione oxidized (HY-D0844). Glutathione oxidized is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes .

HY-177841

Liposomal glutathione	Liposome	Metabolic Disease
Liposomal glutathione is a specialized delivery system that encapsulates glutathione within tiny liposomes. These liposomes act as protective shells, enhancing the absorption and bioavailability of glutathione. Glutathione is a key antioxidant composed of

HY-CE01808

Glutathione-sulfinate-CoA glutathione sulfinate-coenzyme A	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione-sulfinate-CoA (Glutathione sulfinate-coenzyme A) is a coenzyme A derivative .

HY-125859

Peroxidase, Horseradish 2 Publications Verification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
Peroxidase, Horseradish actively involves in oxidizing reactive oxygen species, innate immunity, hormone biosynthesis and pathogenesis of several diseases .

HY-CE01806

Glutathione-CoA,disulfide Coenzyme A-glutathione mixed disulfide	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione-CoA,disulfide (Coenzyme A-glutathione mixed disulfide) is a coenzyme A derivative .

HY-CE01838

*S-Hydroxymethyl-glutathione-CoA* S-Hydroxymethyl glutathione-coenzyme A	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
S-Hydroxymethyl-glutathione-CoA (S-Hydroxymethyl glutathione-coenzyme A) is a coenzyme A derivative .

HY-CE01827

*S-Benzyl-glutathione-CoA* S-Benzyl-glutathione-coenzyme A	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
S-Benzyl-glutathione-CoA (S-Benzyl-glutathione-coenzyme A) is a coenzyme A derivative .

HY-CE01869

*S-Methyl-glutathione-CoA* S-Methyl-glutathione-coenzyme A	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
S-Methyl-glutathione-CoA (S-Methyl-glutathione-coenzyme A) is a coenzyme A derivative .

HY-CE01213

*Atrazine-glutathione-conjugate-CoA* Atrazine glutathione conjugate-coenzyme A	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
Atrazine-glutathione-conjugate-CoA (Atrazine glutathione conjugate-coenzyme A) is a coenzyme A derivative .

HY-101131

Dansyl glutathione DNS-glutathione	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Dansyl glutathione is a trapping agent for the quantitative estimation and identification of reactive metabolites.

HY-130588

Glutathione arsenoxide GSAO	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
Glutathione arsenoxide (GSAO) is a potential anticancer agent and a tumour metabolism inhibitor. Glutathione arsenoxide targets Mitochondrial endomycin nucleotide transferase (ANT). Glutathione arsenoxide causes cell proliferation arrest and cell death. Glutathione arsenoxide can be used to identify cell-surface proteins, such as Protein disulphide isomerase .

HY-W742557

*Acetaminophen glutathione-d3 disodium*	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Others
Acetaminophen glutathione-d₃ disodium is the deuterium labeled Acetaminophen glutathione disodium.

HY-W052512

Antitrypanosomal agent 1	Parasite	Infection
Antitrypanosomal agent 1 is a potent and selective trypanothione reductase (TR) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.3 μM. Antitrypanosomal agent 1 inhibits glutathione reductase (GR) (IC₅₀=64.8 μM) and T. brucei (EC₅₀=1 μM). Antitrypanosomal agent 1 has anti-trypanosomal activity .

HY-167920

Glutathione sulfonate S-Sulfoglutathione	Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Glutathione sulfonate (S-Sulfoglutathione) is a multifunctional bioactive compound that inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. Glutathione sulfonate is a competitive inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase and is involved in the detoxification process and the binding of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds. Glutathione sulfonate acts in the substrate binding site of Escherichia coli glutathione S-transferase, affecting the catalytic mechanism. The structural characteristics of Glutathione sulfonate contribute to its inhibitory effect by hydrogen bonding in the active center of the enzyme .

HY-148208

S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione	Amino Acid Derivatives	Metabolic Disease
S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione is a competitive glutathionase inhibitor. S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione is converted to the corresponding cysteine derivatives by rat kidney microsomes. S-(p-Nitrobenzyl)glutathione can be used for the research of metabolic breakdown of glutathione by the glutathionase system .

HY-E70614

Glutathione Synthetase, Human	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Glutathione Synthetase, Human catalyzes the production of glutathione from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine in an ATP-dependent manner .

HY-12590

Glutathione oxidized disodium L-glutathione oxidized disodium; GSSG disodium; Oxiglutatione disodium	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione oxidized disodium is produced by the oxidation of glutathione which is a major intracellular antioxidant and detoxifying agent .

HY-134124

Glutathione ethyl ester	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Glutathione ethyl ester is a cell-permeable GSH donor and provides an efficient supply of GSH to the oocyte. Glutathione ethyl ester shows positive effect on the in vitro production of embryos by enhancement of the antioxidative defense .

HY-137330

S-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)glutathione	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
S-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)glutathione is a substrate for glutathione-S-transferase. (2,4-Dinitrophenyl)glutathione can be used as an irreversible glutathione reductase inhibitor with an K_i value of 30 µM .

HY-CE01772

*S-(3-Iodobenzyl)glutathione-CoA* S-(3-Iodobenzyl)glutathione-coenzyme A	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
S-(3-Iodobenzyl)glutathione-CoA (S-(3-Iodobenzyl)glutathione-coenzyme A) is a coenzyme A derivative .

HY-13750

Ebselen 15+ Cited Publications SPI-1005; PZ-51; CCG-39161	Calcium Channel Virus Protease HIV Phosphatase	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Ebselen (SPI-1005), a glutathione peroxidase mimetic, is a potent voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) blocker . Ebselen potently inhibits M ^pro (IC₅₀=0.67 μM) and COVID-19 virus (EC₅₀=4.67 μM) .Ebselen is an inhibitor of HIV-1 capsid CTD dimerization. Ebselen, an organoselenium compound, can permeate the blood-brain barrier and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activity ^[4] .

HY-W392413

Glutathione monoethyl ester	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease
Glutathione monoethyl ester is a glutathione derivative that can protect motor neuron cells NSC-34 from pathology damage caused by mutations in TDP-43, including reducing aggregation formation, nuclear clearance, reactive oxygen species generation, and cell death .

HY-E70336

Peroxidase, Lignin	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Peroxidase, Lignin is a biocatalyst and a key enzyme in new biocatalyst technology. Enzyme engineering focuses on enhancing enzyme reaction kinetics, substrate selectivity, and activity under harsh conditions such as low or high pH. By introducing stimulus responsiveness to these enzyme modifications, dynamic control of activity is also possible .

HY-130588A

Glutathione arsenoxide TFA GSAO TFA	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
Glutathione arsenoxide (GSAO) TFA is a potential anticancer agent and a tumour metabolism inhibitor. Glutathione arsenoxide TFA targets Mitochondrial endomycin nucleotide transferase (ANT). Glutathione arsenoxide TFA causes cell proliferation arrest and cell death. Glutathione arsenoxide TFA can be used to identify cell-surface proteins, such as Protein disulphide isomerase .

HY-139965S

*4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d3 TFA*	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Others
4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d₃ (TFA) is the deuterium labeled 4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione (TFA) .

HY-144403S

*S-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)glutathione-d3*	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Others
S-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)glutathione-d₃ is the deuterium labeled S-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)glutathione .

HY-D125859F

Peroxidase, Horseradish, Biotin labeled HRP-Biotin	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Peroxidase, Horseradish, Biotin labeled (HRP-Biotin) can be used to encapsulate DNA nanoflowers for creating stabilized streamlined ELISA platforms resistant to harsh environment .

HY-125862

Glutathione Reductase, baker's yeast EC 1.6.4.2; GR	Calcineurin Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Glutathione reductase, baker's yeast (EC 1.6.4.2) is a reductase. Glutathione reductase, baker's yeast eliminates intracellular ROS. Glutathione reductase, baker's yeast reduces oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as an electron donor. Glutathione reductase, baker's yeast exerts antioxidant activity. Glutathione reductase is mainly used to study diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as Parkinson's disease and sickle cell anemia .

HY-150631S

Glutathione-glycine-13C2,15N trifluoroacetate	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Others
Glutathione-glycine- ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N (trifluoroacetate) is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Glutathione-glycine trifluoroacetate .

HY-P2961

Glutathione S-transferase	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Glutathione S-transferase is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.

HY-135174

*L-Cysteine-glutathione* disulfide**	Endogenous Metabolite	Infection
L-Cysteine-glutathione disulfide is a metabolite in plasma that can be used in biomarker studies for tuberculosis cure .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-P5069A

Glutathione diethyl ester TFA	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Glutathione diethyl ester (TFA) is a delivery agent for glutathione monoester, and thus for glutathione, in human cells and therefore could serve to decrease oxidative stress and toxicity .

HY-D0844

Glutathione oxidized 5+ Cited Publications L-glutathione oxidized; GSSG; Oxiglutatione	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Glutathione oxidized (L-Glutathione oxidized) is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes .

HY-D0844R

Glutathione oxidized (Standard) L-glutathione oxidized (Standard); GSSG (Standard); Oxiglutatione (Standard)	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Glutathione oxidized (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glutathione oxidized. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glutathione oxidized (L-Glutathione oxidized) is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes .

HY-N8115

S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione	Monophenols Gastrodia elata Bl. Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Orchidaceae Source classification Phenols Plants	Others
S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione is a glutathione derivative. S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione inhibits the in vitro binding of kainic acid to brain glutamate receptors, with an IC₅₀ of 2 μM .

HY-B1000A

L-SelenoMethionine 2 Publications Verification	Microorganisms other families Animals Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
L-SelenoMethionine, an L-isomer of Selenomethionine, is a major natural food-form of selenium. L-SelenoMethionin is a cancer chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer incidence by dietary supplementation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. L-SelenoMethionine also can increase expression of glutathione peroxidase .

HY-132183

Chloride peroxidase	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Chloride peroxidase is a monomeric, heme-containing enzyme. Chloride peroxidase is capable of electrophilic chlorinations through the umpolung of chloride by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide .

HY-132188

Manganese peroxidase	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Manganese peroxidase is a heme protein that oxidizes Mn2+ to Mn3+. Manganese peroxidase catalyzes plant lignin de-polymerization. Manganese peroxidase can be used for the biodegradation of hazardous environmental contaminants, and especially for dye wastewater decolorization .

HY-137330

S-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)glutathione	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
S-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)glutathione is a substrate for glutathione-S-transferase. (2,4-Dinitrophenyl)glutathione can be used as an irreversible glutathione reductase inhibitor with an K_i value of 30 µM .

HY-B1000AR

L-SelenoMethionine (Standard)	Microorganisms other families Animals Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Plants Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
L-SelenoMethionine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-SelenoMethionine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-SelenoMethionine, an L-isomer of Selenomethionine, is a major natural food-form of selenium. L-SelenoMethionin is a cancer chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer incidence by dietary supplementation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. L-SelenoMethionine also can increase expression of glutathione peroxidase .

HY-12590

Glutathione oxidized disodium L-glutathione oxidized disodium; GSSG disodium; Oxiglutatione disodium	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Glutathione oxidized disodium is produced by the oxidation of glutathione which is a major intracellular antioxidant and detoxifying agent .

HY-107858

Veratryl alcohol 3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol	Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial
Veratryl alcohol (3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) is a secondary metabolite of lignin-degrading fungi, commonly used as a substrate for lignin peroxidase (LiP) to measure lignin degradation activity. Veratryl alcohol protects LiP from inactivation by H₂O₂ and prevents the accumulation of LiP III compounds. Veratryl alcohol also acts as a stabilizer for manganese-dependent peroxidases (MnP). Veratryl alcohol is a quorum-sensing inhibitor (QSI) and exhibits antibacterial efficacy ^[4].

HY-113402

Gamma-glutamylcysteine 3 Publications Verification γ-Glu-Cys	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glutamylcysteine), a dipeptide containing cysteine and glutamic acid, is a precursor to glutathione (GSH). Gamma-glutamylcysteine is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) to increase GSH levels .

HY-D0187R

*L-Glutathione* reduced (Standard)** GSH (Standard); γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine (Standard)	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis
L-Glutathione reduced (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutathione reduced. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.

HY-113402R

Gamma-glutamylcysteine (Standard) γ-Glu-Cys (Standard)	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gamma-glutamylcysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glutamylcysteine), a dipeptide containing cysteine and glutamic acid, is a precursor to glutathione (GSH). Gamma-glutamylcysteine is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) to increase GSH levels .

HY-D0187

*L-Glutathione* reduced** Maximum Cited Publications 43 Publications Verification GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine	Cardiovascular Disease Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis
L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.

HY-N16658

Asperilin NSC 85238	Structural Classification Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Source classification Plants Compositae Oparanthus teikiteetinii (J.Florence & Stuessy) R.K.Shannon & W.L.Wagner	Glutathione Peroxidase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Asperilin is an orally active sesquiterpene lactone. Asperilin is an effective hydroxyl radical scavenger. Asperilin significantly enhance the lipid peroxidation levels of liver microsomes in various systems. Asperilin leads to a significant decrease in liver glutathione (GSH) levels and an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Asperilin can be used for research on inflammatory conditions .

HY-N0224A

Goitrin (S)-Goitrin; L-5-Vinyl-2-thiooxazolidone	Natural Products Cruciferous vegetables Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Plants Brassicaceae Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Influenza Virus
Goitrin ((S)-Goitrin), a product of glucosinolate-myrosinase reactions, is a potent inhibitor of thyroid peroxidase. Goitrin can inhibit iodine utilization by the thyroid. Goitrin also exhibits anti-influenza virus (H1N1) activity .

HY-B1309

Metacetamol AMAP	Monophenols Boswellia serrata Roxb. Source classification Phenols Plants Burseraceae	JNK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Metacetamol (AMAP) is a non-hepatotoxic analog of acetaminophen (APAP). Metacetamol increases glutathione (GSH) in PHH and causes mitochondrial damage. Metacetamol increases total JNK in PHH cell .

HY-N9928

Echinenone	Animals Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification	Cholinesterase (ChE)
Echinenone is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor (IC₅₀=16.29 μg/mL) with anti-Aβ(25-35) activity. Echinenone can inhibit MDA content and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities to cope with oxidative stress damage .

HY-136386R

N-Acetyl-D-cysteine (Standard)	Microorganisms Source classification	Reference Standards Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
N-Acetyl-D-cysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Acetyl-D-cysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group, but cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway .

HY-N11849

Moracin N 1 Publications Verification	Source classification Phenols Polyphenols Morus alba L. Plants Moraceae	Ferroptosis Glutathione Peroxidase
Moracin N is a ferroptosis inhibitor that can be isolated from mulberry leaf. Moracin N exerts neuroprotective activity through preventing from oxidative stress .

HY-113402A

Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA 3 Publications Verification γ-Glutamylcysteine TFA	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glutamylcysteine) TFA, an intermediate in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is a dipeptide served as an essential cofactor for the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA also upregulates the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduces the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA attenuates the changes in metalloproteinase activity in oligomeric Aβ40-treated astrocytes .

HY-N2560

Senecionine Senecionan-11,16-dione, 12-hydroxy-; Aureine; Senecionin	Pterogyne nitens Tul. Alkaloids Pyrrole Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Erinacea anthyllis Link Source classification Metabolic Disease Plants Compositae Disease Research Fields	Others
Senecionine (Senecionan-11,16-dione, 12-hydroxy-) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid could be isolated from Senecio vulgaris. Senecionine decreases the activities of glutathione S-transferase, aminopyrine demethylase and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) .

HY-118149A

(±)9-HpODE	Infection other families Classification of Application Fields Animals Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Plants Disease Research Fields	Bacterial Fungal Parasite
(±)9-HpODE is a long chain lipid hydroperoxide, is a product of linoleic acid peroxidation. (±)9-HpODE can induce oxidation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). (±)9-HpODE also exhibits antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial pathogens .

HY-Y0337R

L-Cysteine (Standard) Cysteine (Standard)	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Source classification Amino acids Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
L-Cysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Cysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans .

HY-N2560R

Senecionine (Standard) Senecionan-11,16-dione, 12-hydroxy- (Standard); Aureine (Standard); Senecionin (Standard)	Pterogyne nitens Tul. Alkaloids Pyrrole Alkaloids Erinacea anthyllis Link Source classification Plants Compositae	Reference Standards Others
Senecionine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Senecionine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Senecionine (Senecionan-11,16-dione, 12-hydroxy-) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid could be isolated from Senecio vulgaris. Senecionine decreases the activities of glutathione S-transferase, aminopyrine demethylase and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) .

HY-113402AR

Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (Standard)	Natural Products Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glutamylcysteine) TFA, an intermediate in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is a dipeptide served as an essential cofactor for the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA also upregulates the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduces the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA attenuates the changes in metalloproteinase activity in oligomeric Aβ40-treated astrocytes .

HY-Y0337

L-Cysteine 5+ Cited Publications Cysteine	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite ERK
L-Cysteine (Cysteine) is an orally active conditionally essential amino acid with hypoglycemic effects, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells via the CBS/H2S pathway. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans. L-Cysteine can be used as an anorectic agent ^[4].

HY-112540

Acetoacetic acid 4 Publications Verification	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Endogenous Metabolite
Acetoacetic acid is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid can be used to study metabolic diseases .

HY-112540B

Acetoacetic acid sodium 4 Publications Verification	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Acetoacetic acid sodium is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid sodium induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid sodium can be used to study metabolic diseases .

HY-112540A

Acetoacetic acid lithium 4 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Acetoacetic acid lithium is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid lithium induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid lithium can be used to study metabolic diseases .

HY-W009203

L-Cystine dihydrochloride 2 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis
L-Cystine dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt form of L-Cystine (HY-N0394). L-Cystine dihydrochloride elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine dihydrochloride reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine dihydrochloride combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine dihydrochloride is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones ^[4]

HY-112540AR

Acetoacetic acid lithium (Standard)	Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Endogenous Metabolite
Acetoacetic acid (lithium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acetoacetic acid (lithium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acetoacetic acid lithium is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid lithium induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid lithium can be used to study metabolic diseases .

HY-N7227

Anonaine	Alkaloids Annona crassiflora Mart. Source classification Quinoline Alkaloids Plants Annonaceae	Glutathione S-transferase Parasite
Anonaine is an antiparasitic agent. Anonaine also is a glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor .

HY-133199

Benastatin A	Microorganisms Antibiotics Source classification Other Antibiotics	Glutathione S-transferase
Benastatin A is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase, which can be isolated from Streptomyces MI384-DF12 .

HY-N1054

Zamanic acid 3β-Hydroxyurs-30-p-E-hydroxycinnamoyl-12-en-28-oic acid	Apocynaceae Triterpenes Plumeria obtusa L. Terpenoids Source classification Plants	Others
Zamanic acid is a potent inhibitor of glutathione reductase. Zamanic acid inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture and has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-N12472

Floramanoside C	Malvaceae Flavonols Flavonoids Source classification Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medicus Plants	Aldose Reductase
Floramanoside C shows 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging and aldose reductase inhibitory activities .

HY-114585A

Sperabillin A dihydrochloride	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Source classification Other Diseases Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics	Glutathione S-transferase
Sperabillin A (dihydrochloride)is new inhibitors ofglutathione S-transferaseisolated from the culture broth ofStreptomyces sp .

HY-N11778

Bequinostatin C	Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification	Bacterial
Bequinostatin C is a naphthoquinone originally isolated from Streptomyces and a glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1) inhibitor (IC₅₀=40 μg/mL for human GSTP1).

HY-76082

L-Pyroglutamic acid 2 Publications Verification	Immune System Disorder Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Disease markers Other Diseases Endocrine diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cardiovascular System Disorder	Endogenous Metabolite
L-Pyroglutamic acid is the levo-isomer of Pyroglutamic acid. L-Pyroglutamic acid is the biologically active enantiomer in humans. Pyroglutamic acid is an intermediate in glutathione metabolism. L-Pyroglutamic acid can be used as a biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) .

HY-76082A

L-Pyroglutamic acid sodium	Alkaloids Pyrrole Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Source classification Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
L-Pyroglutamic acid sodium is the levo-isomer of Pyroglutamic acid. L-Pyroglutamic acid sodium is the biologically active enantiomer in humans. Pyroglutamic acid is an intermediate in glutathione metabolism. L-Pyroglutamic acid sodium can be used as a biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) .

HY-N6994

Isoasatone A	Acorus tatarinowii Schott Infection Classification of Application Fields Araceae Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Plants Disease Research Fields	Cytochrome P450
Isoasatone A is a natural product isolated from the plant Heterotropa takaoi M., with anti-insect activity. Isoasatone A againsts S. litura by acting on cytochrome P450 monoxygenases and glutathione transferases .

HY-113110

Cysteinylglycine	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Source classification Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Cysteinylglycine is a dipeptide produced by the decomposition of extracellular glutathione catalyzed by γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Cysteinylglycine is a highly reactive metabolite. Cysteinylglycine is currently mainly used in neurodegenerative diseases and breast cancer research ^[4].

HY-N11699

Bequinostatin A	Quinones Microorganisms Anthraquinones Source classification	Glutathione S-transferase
Bequinostatin A is a benzo[a]naphthacenequinone metabolite that can be isolated from Streptomyces sp. MI384-DF12. Bequinostatin A shows considerable inhibitory activity against *human pi class glutathione* S-transferase (GST pi**) .

HY-15121R

L-Theanine (Standard) L-Glutamic Acid γ-ethyl amide (Standard); Nγ-Ethyl-L-glutamine (Standard)	Microorganisms Source classification Amino acids Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze. Plants Theaceae	Reference Standards Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
L-Theanine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Theanine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Theanine (L-Glutamic Acid γ-ethyl amide) is a non-protein amino acid contained in green tea leaves, which blocks the binding of L-glutamic acid to glutamate receptors in the brain, and with neuroprotective, anticancer and anti-oxidative activities. L-Theanine can pass through the blood–brain barrier and is orally active .

HY-15121

L-Theanine 5 Publications Verification L-Glutamic Acid γ-ethyl amide; Nγ-Ethyl-L-glutamine	Microorganisms Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Source classification Amino acids Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze. Plants Disease Research Fields Theaceae	Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
L-Theanine (L-Glutamic Acid γ-ethyl amide) is a non-protein amino acid contained in green tea leaves, which blocks the binding of L-glutamic acid to glutamate receptors in the brain, and with neuroprotective, anticancer and anti-oxidative activities. L-Theanine can pass through the blood–brain barrier and is orally active .

HY-N7962

Cornoside	Phyla nodiflora (L.) E. L. Greene Quinones Classification of Application Fields Verbenaceae Source classification Benzene Quinones Plants Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology	Aldose Reductase
Cornoside is a phenolic glycoside and has inhibitory effect on rat lens aldose reductase (AR) with an IC₅₀ of 150 μM .

HY-N12255

COTC	Natural Products Microorganisms Source classification	Glyoxalase (GLO)
COTC is a bacterial metabolite with anticancer activity that is found in S. griseosporeus. COTC inhibits glyoxalase in the presence of glutathione (GSH). COTC also inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cells (IC₅₀ = 18 µg/mL), as well as reduces tumor growth and improves survival in an Ehrlich murine spontaneous adenocarcinoma model .

HY-W017464

NAPQI N-Acetyl-4-benzoquinone Imine	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Other Alkaloids Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Drug Metabolite Endogenous Metabolite
NAPQI is the toxic metabolite of Acetaminophen (HY-66005). NAPQI is also an inhibitor of enzymes in the vitamin K cycle. NAPQI is rapidly detoxified by glutathione (GSH), but in situations of GSH deficiency, excess NAPQI reacts with cysteine residues in proteins, causing cell death and toxicity in the liver .

HY-113324

NADPH 10+ Cited Publications	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Endogenous Metabolite
NADPH is a coenzyme of glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and *NADPH oxidase* (NOX)*, and participates in redox reactions as a hydrogen donor. NADPH has the characteristic of selectively participating in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis. NADPH exerts antioxidant activity and resists reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage by providing reducing equivalents for the regeneration of glutathione* (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx); at the same time, it acts as a substrate of NOX to generate superoxide anions, mediating oxidative stress and immune response. NADPH participates in maintaining the intracellular reducing environment, biosynthesis and regulating gene expression (such as the Nrf2 pathway), and is mainly used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer) and immune regulation mechanisms .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-D0844S

Glutathione oxidized-13C4,15N2 1 Publications Verification
Glutathione oxidized- ¹³C₄, ¹⁵N₂ is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Glutathione oxidized (HY-D0844). Glutathione oxidized is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes .

HY-W742557

*Acetaminophen glutathione-d3 disodium*
Acetaminophen glutathione-d₃ disodium is the deuterium labeled Acetaminophen glutathione disodium.

HY-139965S

*4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d3 TFA*
4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d₃ (TFA) is the deuterium labeled 4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione (TFA) .

HY-144403S

*S-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)glutathione-d3*
S-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)glutathione-d₃ is the deuterium labeled S-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)glutathione .

HY-150631S

Glutathione-glycine-13C2,15N trifluoroacetate
Glutathione-glycine- ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N (trifluoroacetate) is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Glutathione-glycine trifluoroacetate .

HY-W710753

*D,L-Sulforaphane glutathione-d5*
D,L-Sulforaphane glutathione-d₅ (DL-SFN-GSH-d₅) is deuterium labeled DL-Sulforaphane glutathione. DL-Sulforaphane glutathione (DL-SFN-GSH) is a metabolite of Sulforaphane (HY-13755) in rat plasma .

HY-169892S

*4-Hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d3*
4-Hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d₃ (4-HNE-GSH-d₃) is deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione .

HY-144153S

*S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl)glutathione-13C2,15N*
S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl)glutathione- ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl)glutathione .

HY-D0187S4

*L-Glutathione* reduced-13C**
L-Glutathione reduced- ¹³C (GSH- ¹³C; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine- ¹³C) is ¹³C-labeled L-Glutathione reduced (HY-D0187). L-Glutathione reduced is an endogenous antioxidant and oxygen free radical scavenger.

HY-W745029A

*L-Glutathione* reduced-d5 ammonium**
L-Glutathione reduced-d₅ (GSH-d₅) ammonium is the deuterium labeled L-Glutathione reduced (HY-D0187). L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.

HY-D0187S6

*L-Glutathione* reduced-15N**
L-Glutathione reduced- ¹⁵N (GSH- ¹⁵N; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine- ¹⁵N) is ¹⁵N-labeled L-Glutathione reduced (HY-D0187). L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals.

HY-W745029

*L-Glutathione* reduced-d5**
L-Glutathione reduced-d₅ (GSH-d₅; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine-d₅) is the deuterium labeled L-Glutathione reduced (HY-D0187). L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.

HY-D0187S

*L-Glutathione* reduced-13C2,15N**
L-Glutathione reduced- ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled L-Glutathione reduced. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.

HY-167857S

Glutathione Disulfide-13C4,15N2
Glutathione Disulfide- ¹³C₄, ¹⁵N₂ is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled (Rac)-Glutipyran (HY-167857). (Rac)-Glutipyran is a broad-spectrum GLUT inhibitor that targets both GLUT1 and GLUT3. (Rac)-Glutipyran inhibits glucose uptake and suppresses the growth of multiple cancer cells, significantly inhibiting PANC-1 cell growth (IC₅₀=1.8 μM) and glucose uptake (IC₅₀=0.13 μM) .

HY-124104S

Aldicarb sulfoxide-d3
Aldicarb sulfoxide-d₃ is the deuterium labled Aldicarb sulfoxide (HY-124104). Aldicarb sulfoxide is a metabolite of Aldicarb. Aldicarb sulfoxide affects the glutathione-linked enzymes in CHO-K1 cells. Aldicarb sulfoxide inhibits cholinesterase (ChE) and carboxylesterase (CaE) with IC₅₀ of 10 μM for both in zebrafish .

HY-W015600S

2-Acetamidophenol-d3

2-Acetamidophenol-d₃ (Orthocetamol-d₃) is the deuterium labeled 2-Acetamidophenol (HY-W015600). 2-Acetamidophenol (Orthocetamol) is a regulator that targets ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathways, is the ortho-regioisomer of Paracetamol (HY-66005). 2-Acetamidophenol has anti-atherosclerotic activity, and inhibiting total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model with IC50s for 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively. 2-Acetamidophenol upregulates the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes (such as GCLC, GCLM, GSS) and iron ion transport genes (such as FPN1, FTH), reduces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions (Fe2+), and enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase GPX4, thereby inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and foam cell formation .

HY-B0329S

Isoniazid-d4
Isoniazid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Isoniazid. Isoniazid (INH) is a proagent and must be activated by a bacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme KatG. Isoniazid is bactericidal to rapidly dividing mycobacteria and has anti-tuberculostatic activity ^[4].

HY-W738271

Veratryl alcohol-13C

Veratryl alcohol- ¹³C (3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol- ¹³C) is the ¹³C-labeled Veratryl alcohol (HY-107858). Veratryl alcohol (3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) is a secondary metabolite of lignin-degrading fungi, commonly used as a substrate for lignin peroxidase (LiP) to measure lignin degradation activity. Veratryl alcohol protects LiP from inactivation by H2O2 and prevents the accumulation of LiP III compounds. Veratryl alcohol also acts as a stabilizer for manganese-dependent peroxidases (MnP). Veratryl alcohol is a quorum-sensing inhibitor (QSI) and exhibits antibacterial efficacy ^[4].

HY-W740777

4-Hydroxyphenylbutazone-d9
4-Hydroxyphenylbutazone-d₉ is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxyphenylbutazone (HY-139199). 4-Hydroxyphenylbutazone is a metabolite of Phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID), is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) .

HY-76082S

L-Pyroglutamic acid-d5 1 Publications Verification
L-Pyroglutamic acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled L-Pyroglutamic acid (HY-76082). L-Pyroglutamic acid is the levo-isomer of Pyroglutamic acid. L-Pyroglutamic acid is the biologically active enantiomer in humans. Pyroglutamic acid is an intermediate in glutathione metabolism.

HY-113446S

Leukotriene C4-d5
Leukotriene C4-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Leukotriene C4. Leukotriene C4 is the parent cysteinyl leukotriene produced by the LTC4 synthase catalyzed conjugation of glutathione to LTA4.

HY-B0230S2

Phenylbutazone-13C12
Phenylbutazone- ¹³C₁₂ is the ¹³C₁₂ labeled Phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Phenylbutazone, a hepatotoxin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Phenylbutazone induces muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) expression and has the potential for ankylosing spondylitis research.

HY-B0230S1

Phenylbutazone-d9
Phenylbutazone-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Phenylbutazone, a hepatotoxin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Phenylbutazone induces muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) expression and has the potential for ankylosing spondylitis research .

HY-B0230S

Phenylbutazone(diphenyl-d10)
Phenylbutazone(diphenyl-d₁₀) is the deuterium labeled Phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Phenylbutazone, a hepatotoxin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Phenylbutazone induces muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) expression and has the potential for ankylosing spondylitis research .

HY-Y0337S5

L-Cysteine-d3
L-Cysteine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans .

HY-Y0337S6

L-Cysteine-d2 1 Publications Verification
L-Cysteine-d₂ is the deuterium labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans .

HY-W100026S

Galaxolide-d6 (mixture of diastereomers) (>80%)
Galaxolide-d₆ (mixture of diastereomers) (>80%) is the deuterium labeled Galaxolide (HY-W100026). Galaxolide can induce estrogenic activity (Estrogen Receptor/ERR), trigger oxidative stress and genotoxicity, and induce EROD and GST (Glutathione S-transferase) enzyme activity .

HY-Y0337S1

L-Cysteine-15N 1 Publications Verification
L-Cysteine- ¹⁵N is the ¹⁵N-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans .

HY-Y0337S4

L-Cysteine-13C3 1 Publications Verification
L-Cysteine- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans .

HY-W744953

Carbimazole-d3

Carbimazole-d₃ is deuterium labeled Carbimazole. Carbimazole is an orally active antithyroid agent which rapidly converts to Methimazole after absorption and prevents thyroid peroxidase enzyme from iodinating and coupling the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of thyroxine. Carbimazole also displays anti-inflammatory and neuronal-protective activities, suggesting its application for hyperthyroidism and neurological research ^[4].

HY-B0558S

Carbimazole-d5

Carbimazole-d₅ is deuterium labeled Carbimazole. Carbimazole is an orally active antithyroid agent which rapidly converts to Methimazole after absorption and prevents thyroid peroxidase enzyme from iodinating and coupling the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of thyroxine. Carbimazole also displays anti-inflammatory and neuronal-protective activities, suggesting its application for hyperthyroidism and neurological research ^[4].

HY-Y0337S2

L-Cysteine-3-13C
L-Cysteine-3- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans .

HY-Y0337S3

L-Cysteine-1-13C
L-Cysteine-1- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans .

HY-Y0337S7

L-Cysteine-d3,15N
L-Cysteine-d₃, ¹⁵N is the deuterium and ¹⁵N-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans .

HY-76082S1

L-Pyroglutamic acid-13C5

L-Pyroglutamic acid- ¹³C₅ is the ¹³C labeled L-Pyroglutamic acid (HY-76082) . L-Pyroglutamic acid is the levo-isomer of Pyroglutamic acid. L-Pyroglutamic acid is the levo-isomer of Pyroglutamic acid. L-Pyroglutamic acid is the biologically active enantiomer in humans. Pyroglutamic acid is an intermediate in glutathione metabolism. L-Pyroglutamic acid can be used as a biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) .

HY-Y0337S

L-Cysteine-13C3,15N 1 Publications Verification
L-Cysteine- ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans .

HY-W003972S1

2,6-Dimethoxyphenol-d6
2,6-Dimethoxyphenol-d₆ (Syringol-d₆) is deuterated labeled 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol (HY-W003972). 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol is a phenolic compound that scavenges free radicals and exhibits antioxidant activity. 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol is the substrate for determining laccase activity .

HY-12542S

Dantrolene-13C3

Dantrolene- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C₃ labeled Dantrolene. Dantrolene (F368), a muscle relaxant, non-competitively inhibits human erythrocyte glutathione reductase. Ki and IC50 values are 111.6 μM and 52.3 μM, respectively. Dantrolene is a ryanodine receptor antagonist and Ca2+ signaling stabilizer. Dantrolene can be used for the research of muscle spasticity, malignant hyperthermia, Huntington's disease and other neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

HY-N6937S1

(R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside-d6

(R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside-d₆ is deuterated labeled (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (HY-N6937). (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) is the minor isomer of Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in flaxseed. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) possesses antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities and DNA-radioprotective properties. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by suppressing both the peroxidase and chlorination cyclesin inflammatory cells .

HY-W744265

NAPQI-d3

NAPQI-d₃ (N-Acetyl-4-benzoquinone Imine-d₃) is the deuterium labeled NAPQI (HY-W017464). NAPQI is the toxic metabolite of Acetaminophen (HY-66005). NAPQI is also an inhibitor of enzymes in the vitamin K cycle. NAPQI is rapidly detoxified by glutathione (GSH), but in situations of GSH deficiency, excess NAPQI reacts with cysteine residues in proteins, causing cell death and toxicity in the liver .

HY-W750959

L-Methionine sulfoxide-13C

L-Methionine sulfoxide- ¹³C (H-Met(O)-OH- ¹³C) is the ¹³C-labeled L-Methionine sulfoxide (HY-W010104). L-Methionine sulfoxide is an orally active oxidation product of Methionine (HY-N0326). L-Methionine sulfoxide can be partially converted into Methionine in the body and participate in the synthesis of glutathione in the liver. L-Methionine sulfoxide provides the body with sulfur activity and can participate in the synthesis of proteins and sulfur-containing compounds .

HY-W654296

Octocrylene-13C3

Octocrylene- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled Octocrylene (HY-A0087). Octocrylene is an organic ultraviolet (UV) filter that absorbs mainly UVB radiation and shorter UVA wavelengths. Octocrylene acts as a partial agonist of PPARγ, which alters the gene transcription profile of lipid metabolism enzymes. In addition, Octocrylene is cytotoxic and genotoxic to human skin fibroblasts and mediates the biosynthesis of estrogens such as estriol in zebrafish larvae, while affecting antioxidant pathways including glutathione transferase and peroxisomes ^[4] .

HY-14519S1

Methotrexate-d3 diammonium

Methotrexate-d₃ diammonium is the deuterium labeled Methotrexate diammonium. Methotrexate (Amethopterin), an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Methotrexate, also an immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agent, is used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and a number of different cancers (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia) .

HY-14664DS

(3S,5R)-Fluvastatin-d6
(3S,5R)-Fluvastatin-d₆ is the deuterium labeled (3S,5R)-Fluvastatin sodium. Fluvastatin is a first fully synthetic, competitive?HMG-CoA reductase?inhibitor with an IC₅₀?of 8 nM. Fluvastatin protects vascular smooth muscle cells against oxidative stress through the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway .

HY-14664AS

Fluvastatin-d6 sodium
Fluvastatin-d₆ (sodium) is deuterium labeled Fluvastatin sodium. Fluvastatin sodium (XU 62320) is a first fully synthetic, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM.

HY-B0245S

Busulfan-d8
Busulfan-d₈ is a deuterium labeled Busulfan. Busulfan is a potent alkylating antineoplastic agent. Busulfan causes DNA damage by cross-linking DNAs and DNA and proteins. Busulfan inhibits thioredoxin reductase. Busulfan induces apoptosis. Busulfan is an immunosuppressive and myeloablative chemotherapeutic agent .

HY-B1306S

4-Aminohippuric acid-d4

4-Aminohippuric acid-d₄ (p-Aminohippuric acid-d₄) is the deuterium labeled 4-Aminohippuric acid (HY-B1306). 4-Aminohippuric acid (p-Aminohippuric acid) is a coordination ligand for metal ions (such as Cu ²⁺, Fe ³⁺, Hg ²⁺) and a functionalization reagent for nanomaterials. 4-Aminohippuric acid can coordinate with metal ions or modify the surface of materials such as carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles through amino and carboxyl groups. 4-Aminohippuric acid can form stable complexes with metal ions or participate in the synthesis of nanomaterials as a reducing agent/stabilizer, enriching metal ions or giving nanoparticles peroxidase-mimicking activity. 4-Aminohippuric acid can be used to construct highly sensitive electrochemical sensors or colorimetric sensors to detect and quantitatively analyze heavy metal ions such as copper, iron, and mercury in environmental water samples and biological samples. 4-Aminohippuric acid may also be a biomarker for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ^[4].

HY-W015490S

1,4-Naphthoquinone-d6

1,4-Naphthoquinone-d₆ is the deuterium labeled 1,4-Naphthoquinone. 1,4-Naphthoquinone is an inhibitor with broad-spectrum inhibitory activity targeting DNA polymerase, NF-κB and monoamine oxidase (MAO-A/B), with antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy. 1,4-Naphthoquinone is a competitive inhibitor of MAO-B (Ki=1.4 μM) and a non-competitive inhibitor of MAO-A (Ki=7.7 μM). 1,4-Naphthoquinone inhibits DNA polymerase pol α, β, γ, δ, ε, λ with IC₅₀ ranging from 5.57-128 μM. 1,4-Naphthoquinone inhibits tumor cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and necrosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities by inducing oxidative stress, depleting glutathione (GSH), inhibiting DNA polymerase-mediated DNA synthesis and blocking NF-κB nuclear translocation. 1,4-Naphthoquinone can be used in anti-bacterial , anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory studies, including inhibition of melanoma and colon cancer cell growth and endothelial cell function, as well as LPS-induced inflammation models ^[4] .

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