2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Endogenous Metabolite
  4. Acetoacetic acid

Acetoacetic acid is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid can be used to study metabolic diseases.

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Acetoacetic acid

Acetoacetic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 541-50-4

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Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Acetoacetic acid:

Acetoacetic acid Related Antibodies

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Description

Acetoacetic acid is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid can be used to study metabolic diseases[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

In the bovine hepatocyte experiment, Acetoacetic acid (0.6, 2.4, 4.8 mM; 24 h) dose-dependently reduces the mRNA expression and enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increases the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, induced oxidative stress, and downregulates the mRNA expression of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), inhibits the assembly of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and leads to the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides (TG) and a decrease in the VLDL content in the culture medium[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Acetoacetic acid Related Antibodies

RT-PCR[1]

Cell Line: Bovine hepatocytes
Concentration: 0 (control), 0.6 mM, 2.4 mM, 4.8 mM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) and VLDL-related proteins (ApoB100, ApoE, LDLR) in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control group.
Increased intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) content, a marker of oxidative stress, while the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were reduced.
Resulted intracellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation, and significantly decreased the secretion of VLDL into the culture medium in a dose-dependent manner.
Molecular Weight

102.09

Formula

C4H6O3
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

CC(CC(O)=O)=O
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 50 mg/mL (489.76 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 9.7953 mL 48.9764 mL 97.9528 mL
5 mM 1.9591 mL 9.7953 mL 19.5906 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
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Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O 1 mM 9.7953 mL 48.9764 mL 97.9528 mL 244.8820 mL
5 mM 1.9591 mL 9.7953 mL 19.5906 mL 48.9764 mL
10 mM 0.9795 mL 4.8976 mL 9.7953 mL 24.4882 mL
15 mM 0.6530 mL 3.2651 mL 6.5302 mL 16.3255 mL
20 mM 0.4898 mL 2.4488 mL 4.8976 mL 12.2441 mL
25 mM 0.3918 mL 1.9591 mL 3.9181 mL 9.7953 mL
30 mM 0.3265 mL 1.6325 mL 3.2651 mL 8.1627 mL
40 mM 0.2449 mL 1.2244 mL 2.4488 mL 6.1220 mL
50 mM 0.1959 mL 0.9795 mL 1.9591 mL 4.8976 mL
60 mM 0.1633 mL 0.8163 mL 1.6325 mL 4.0814 mL
80 mM 0.1224 mL 0.6122 mL 1.2244 mL 3.0610 mL
100 mM 0.0980 mL 0.4898 mL 0.9795 mL 2.4488 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Acetoacetic acid Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Acetoacetic acid541-50-4Endogenous MetaboliteInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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