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Results for "

G-Protein

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	5-HT Receptor (7) Acyltransferase (1) Adenosine Receptor (4) Adhesion G Protein-coupled Receptors (AGPCRs) (3) Adrenergic Receptor (5) Androgen Receptor (1) Angiotensin Receptor (9) Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) (3) Antibiotic (1) Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) (1) Apelin Receptor (APJ) (14) Apoptosis (22) Arf Family GTPase (1) Arrestin (5) Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (3) Aurora Kinase (2) Autophagy (16) Bacterial (3) Biochemical Assay Reagents (3) Bombesin Receptor (1) Calcium Channel (3) Cannabinoid Receptor (7) CaSR (3) CCR (3) CD3 (1) CGRP Receptor (1) Cholecystokinin Receptor (1) Cholinesterase (ChE) (1) Complement System (3) COX (1) CRFR (2) CXCR (8) Cytochrome P450 (2) DNA Methyltransferase (1) DNA/RNA Synthesis (2) Dopamine Receptor (14) Drug Derivative (1) Drug Intermediate (1) Drug Metabolite (7) Endogenous Metabolite (62) Endothelin Receptor (3) ERK (9) Estrogen Receptor/ERR (14) Ferroptosis (1) Fluorescent Dye (1) Free Fatty Acid Receptor (10) FXR (4) G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (23) G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase (GRK) (29) GABA Receptor (4) GHSR (4) GLP Receptor (2) GLUT (1) GnRH Receptor (2) GPR109A (3) GPR119 (5) GPR139 (1) GPR171 (2) GPR35 (4) GPR39 (1) GPR55 (2) GPR6 (1) GPR68 (3) GPR84 (5) HDAC (1) Histamine Receptor (1) HIV (7) IFNAR (1) IGF-1R (2) Influenza Virus (1) Interleukin Related (2) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (19) JAK (1) Kisspeptin Receptor (1) Leukotriene Receptor (3) Liposome (1) LPL Receptor (5) mAChR (9) Mas-related G-protein-coupled Receptor (MRGPR) (17) MCHR1 (GPR24) (2) MEK (2) Melatonin Receptor (2) mGluR (2) MicroRNA (1) mRNA (10) Neuromedin U Receptor (NMUR) (1) Neuropeptide B/W Receptor (3) Neuropeptide FF Receptor (1) Neuropeptide Y Receptor (5) Neurotensin Receptor (4) NF-κB (1) Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog (15) Opioid Receptor (16) Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) (6) Orphan GPCR (1) Orphan Receptor (4) Oxytocin Receptor (2) P2X Receptor (2) P2Y Receptor (1) p38 MAPK (2) Phosphatase (1) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (2) Phospholipase (1) PI3K (1) PKA (2) PKC (3) Platelet-activating Factor Receptor (PAFR) (2) Potassium Channel (11) Prostaglandin Receptor (5) Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) (2) RABV (1) Raf (2) Ras (2) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (2) Reference Standards (14) RGS Protein (5) ROCK (2) RXFP Receptor (1) STAT (1) TNF Receptor (4) Trace Amine-associated Receptor (TAAR) (4) Transmembrane Glycoprotein (2) Urotensin Receptor (3) Vasopressin Receptor (3) Wnt (2) β-catenin (2)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (82) Cardiovascular Disease (65) Endocrinology (37) Infection (20) Inflammation/Immunology (71) Metabolic Disease (88) Neurological Disease (119)
Click Chemistry:	Azide (1)
Oligonucleotides:	Nucleotides and their Analogs (5) Emulsifiers (1) mRNA (10) Phospholipids (3)

391

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Oligonucleotides

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-P1376A

G-Protein antagonist peptide TFA	mAChR Adrenergic Receptor	Endocrinology
G-Protein antagonist peptide TFA is a truncated substance P-related peptide, competes with receptor for G protein binding. G-Protein antagonist peptide TFA inhibits the activation of G_i or G_o by M2 muscarinic cholinergic receptor (M2 mAChR) or of G_s by beta-adrenergic receptor in the reconstituted phospholipid vesicles, assayed by receptor-promoted GTP hydrolysis .

HY-P5985

mSIRK 1 Publications Verification	ERK	Others
mSIRK (G-Protein βγ Binding Peptide) is an cell-permeable activator of ERK1/2, with EC₅₀ of 2.5-5 μM. mSIRK disrupts the interaction between α and βγ subunits and promotes α subunit dissociation without stimulating nucleotide exchange .

HY-137677B

GTPγS tetralithium Guanosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate tetralithium	GLUT	Others
GTPγS (tetralithium) (Guanosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate (tetralithium)) is a G-protein activator that protects proteins from proteolytic degradation, stimulates GLUT4 translocation in a tyrosine kinase-dependent manner, stimulate phospholipases and induce actin polymerization. GTPγS (tetralithium) to couple with G- protein α, to study its effect on kinase activity. GTPγS (tetralithium) acts as a component of lysis buffer .

HY-15565

APD668 2 Publications Verification	GPR119 Cytochrome P450 Potassium Channel	Metabolic Disease
APD668 is a potent, selective and orally active agonist of G-protein coupled receptor GPR119, with EC₅₀s of 2.7 nM and 33 nM for hGPR119 and rGPR119, respectively. APD668 shows no significant inhibition of any of the five major CYP isoforms with the exception of CYP2C9 (K_i=0.1 μM). APD668 can be used for the research of steatohepatitis and diabetes .

HY-10499

PH-064 2 Publications Verification BIM-46187	Others	Neurological Disease
PH-064 (BIM-46187) is an inhibitor of heterotrimeric G-protein complex.

HY-70075

CCG-63808 2 Publications Verification	RGS Protein	Cancer
CCG-63808 is a reversible inhibitor of regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins.

HY-P0195

Bombesin 1 Publications Verification	Bombesin Receptor	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Bombesin, a tetradecapeptide, plays an important role in the release of gastrin and the activation of G-protein receptors .

HY-133021

Arazine N-Acetyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine	DNA Methyltransferase	Inflammation/Immunology
Arazine (N-Acetyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine) is a cell-permeable modulator of G protein and G-protein coupled receptor signaling. Arazine can be a a substrate for isoprenylcysteine methyltransferase by competing with prenylated G protein or its receptors site .

HY-P1376

G-Protein antagonist peptide	mAChR Adrenergic Receptor	Endocrinology
G-Protein antagonist peptide is the substance P-related peptide that inhibits binding of G proteins to their receptors. G-Protein antagonist peptide competitively and reversibly inhibits M2 muscarinic receptor activation of G_i or G_o and inhibits G_s activation by β-adrenoceptors.

HY-10499A

PH-064 (tetra(hydrochloride)) BIM-46187 tetrahydrochloride	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
PH-064 tetrahydrochloride is an inhibitor of heterotrimeric G-protein complex.

HY-15565R

APD668 (Standard)	GPR119 Cytochrome P450 Potassium Channel	Metabolic Disease
APD668 (Standard) is the analytical standard of APD668. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. APD668 is a potent, selective and orally active agonist of G-protein coupled receptor GPR119, with EC50s of 2.7 nM and 33 nM for hGPR119 and rGPR119, respectively. APD668 shows no significant inhibition of any of the five major CYP isoforms with the exception of CYP2C9 (Ki=0.1 μM). APD668 can be used for the research of steatohepatitis and diabetes .

HY-B0412S1

Estriol-d1	Estrogen Receptor/ERR Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Estriol-d is the deuterium labeled Estriol. Estriol is an antagonist of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.

HY-19863A

F-15599 tosylate NLX-101 tosylate	5-HT Receptor	Neurological Disease
F-15599 tosylate is a highly selective G-protein biased 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with K_i of 3.4 nM.

HY-19863

F-15599 2 Publications Verification NLX-101	5-HT Receptor	Neurological Disease
F-15599 is a highly selective G-protein biased 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with K_i of 3.4 nM.

HY-P0216

A 779 10+ Cited Publications	Angiotensin Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease Endocrinology
A 779 is a specific antagonist of G-protein coupled receptor (Mas receptor), which is an Ang1-7 receptor distinct from the classical AngII.

HY-149336

D1R antagonist 1	Dopamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
D1R antagonist 1 (compound 12a) is a D1R antagonist, involved in G-protein- and β-arrestin-based signaling .

HY-B0412S

Estriol-d2	Estrogen Receptor/ERR Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Estriol-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Estriol. Estriol is an antagonist of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.

HY-B0412S2

Estriol-d3	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Estrogen Receptor/ERR Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Estriol-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Estriol. Estriol is an antagonist of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.

HY-B0412S3

Estriol-13C3 Oestriol-¹³C₃	Estrogen Receptor/ERR Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Estriol- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled Estriol. Estriol is an antagonist of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.

HY-123837

MLS1082	Dopamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
MLS1082 is a pyrimidone-based D1-like dopamine receptor positive allosteric modulator, with an EC₅₀ of 123 nM for DA-stimulated G protein signaling .

HY-163917

SalA-VS-08	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
SalA-VS-08 is a full agonist of kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) with selectivity and G-protein bias. SalA-VS-08 can be used in the research of analgesia .

HY-161106

OX04528	GPR84	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
OX04528 (compound 68) is a potent, G-protein biased, and orally active GPR84 agonist. OX04528 no cytotoxicity. OX04528 inhibits cAMP production with an EC₅₀ value of 0.00598 nM .

HY-P4414

(Des-Bromo)-Neuropeptide B (1-23) (human)	Orphan Receptor Neuropeptide B/W Receptor	Neurological Disease
(Des-Bromo)-Neuropeptide B (1-23) (human) is an *orphan G-protein* coupled receptor agonist with K_i**s of 1.2 nM and 341 nM for GPR7 (NPBW1) and GPR8 (NPBW2), respectively .

HY-174728

Human CXCR1 mRNA	mRNA	Inflammation/Immunology
Human CXCR1 mRNA encodes the human C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) protein, a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. CXCR1 is a receptor for interleukin 8 (IL8). It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein activated second messenger system.

HY-141495

(Rac)-Razpipadon 1 Publications Verification PW0464	Dopamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
PW0464, a nanomolar potent complete G protein biased ligand, is a noncatechol D1R agonist, with an EC₅₀ of 5.8 nM (Gs-cAMP) .

HY-175197

MP1202	Opioid Receptor Arrestin	Neurological Disease
MP1202 is a dual-functional agonist of MOR and KOR with EC₅₀s of 0.32 and 0.13  μM for mMOR-1 and mKOR-1, respectively. MP1202 has functional selectivity with reduction of β-arrestin1/2 recruitment but significant activation of G-protein and Gα-subtype at hMOR and hKOR. MP1202 has potent antinociceptive effects without typical opioid side effects, but it shows conditioned place preference and aversion behaviors in subtype-selective opioid KO mice model, promising for analgesia research .

HY-160540

MRGPRX2 modulator-1	Mas-related G-protein-coupled Receptor (MRGPR)	Inflammation/Immunology
MRGPRX2 modulator-1 (example 17) is a mas-related g-protein receptor x2 (MRGPRX2) modulator. MRGPRX2 modulator-1 can be used for the research of inflammation, pain and autoimmune disorders .

HY-P1944A

Apelin-13 TFA 5+ Cited Publications	Apelin Receptor (APJ)	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Apelin-13 TFA is an endogenous ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor angiotensin II protein J (APJ), activating this G protein-coupled receptor with an EC₅₀ value of 0.37 nM. Apelin-13 TFA has vasodilatory and antihypertensive effects. Apelin-13 TFA also can be used for researching type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome .

HY-161107

OX04529	GPR84	Inflammation/Immunology
OX04529 (compound 69) is a potent, selective and orally active agonist of GPR84. OX04529 inhibits FSK-induced cAMP production with an EC₅₀ of 0.0185 nM. OX04529 displayed excellent potency, high G-protein signaling bias .

HY-P2249

ELA-21 (human)	Arrestin Apelin Receptor (APJ)	Cardiovascular Disease
ELA-21 (human) is an apelin receptor agonist with a pK_i of 8.52. ELA-21 (human) completely inhibits Forskolin-induced cAMP production and stimulates β-arrestin recruitment with subnanomolar potencies. ELA-21 (human) is an agonist in G-protein-dependent and -independent pathways .

HY-115768

Compound 48/80 1 Publications Verification Poly-p-methoxyphenethylmethylamine	Phospholipase	Neurological Disease Cancer
Compound 48/80 (Poly-p-methoxyphenethylmethylamine) is widely used in animal and tissue models as a "selective" mast cell activator. Compound 48/80 acts at the mast cell membrane to stimulate trimeric G-proteins and induces degranulation via phospholipase C and D pathways .

HY-P1944

Apelin-13 5+ Cited Publications	Apelin Receptor (APJ)	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Apelin-13 is an endogenous ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor angiotensin II protein J (APJ), activating this G protein-coupled receptor with an EC₅₀ value of 0.37 nM. Apelin-13 is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Apelin-13 has vasodilatory and antihypertensive effects. Apelin-13 also can be used for researching type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome .

HY-154954

Ogremorphin 1 Publications Verification OGM; GPR68-IN-1	GPR68 Ferroptosis	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Ogremorphin (OGM) is a G protein coupled sensor GPR68 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Ogremorphin can inhibit the migration of human melanoma cells and induce ferroptosis in glioblastoma cells .

HY-162728

RO-76	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
RO-76 is a mu opioid receptor (μOR) selective partial agonist. RO-76 binds to μOR-G-protein complex with an EC₅₀ value of 454 nM. RO-76 reduces β-Arrestin-1/2 recruitment. RO-76 shows antinociception activity .

HY-149337

D3R ligand 1	Dopamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
D3R ligand 1 (compound 23b) is a potent and selective ligand of dopamine receptor D3R (Ki=66 nM), containing a THPB template. D3R ligand 1 is also an antagonist for both G-protein- and β-arrestin-based signaling .

HY-175099

AB-ICA	Drug Intermediate	Neurological Disease
AB-ICA is a precursor of AB-FUBICA (HY-117403). AB-FUBICA (Compound 13) is a CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist that activates G-protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRK) by binding to CB1 and CB2 receptors, displaying notable cannabinoid-like activity .

HY-163277

PIPE-3297	Opioid Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology
PIPE-3297 (compound 25) is a selective kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, which activates the G-protein signaling with EC₅₀ of 1.1 nM and exhibits low β-arrestin-2 recruitment activity (10%). PIPE-3297 induces myelination and reveals an anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-P5986

mSIRK (L9A)	ERK	Others
mSIRK (L9A) is a cell-permeable, N-myristoylated G-Protein Binding Peptide (mSIRK). mSIRK (L9A) contains a single point mutation (Leu9 to Ala). mSIRK (L9A) cannot enhance ERK1/2 phosphorylation. mSIRK (L9A) can be used as a control peptide .

HY-122251

CCG-4986	RGS Protein	Others Neurological Disease
CCG-4986 is an RGS protein inhibitor. CCG-4986 inhibits protein activity by covalently modifying the Cys-132 site of RGS4. CCG-4986 can be used to study diseases related to dysregulated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, such as Parkinson's disease and opioid addiction .

HY-111216

CGP52608	Melatonin Receptor	Cancer
CGP52608 is a selective agonist for the RZR/ROR receptor, known for its anti-tumor activity, and has almost no affinity for the cell surface G-protein coupled melatonin receptor. CGP52608 can inhibit the growth of mouse 16/C breast cancer cells. CGP52608 can induce the formation of vesicles in diatoms .

HY-P5084

Neuromedin S (human)	Neuromedin U Receptor (NMUR) G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1	Neurological Disease
Neuromedin S (human) is a neuropeptide that contains 33 amino acids. Neuromedin S (human)has been identified in the brain as an endogenous ligand for the orphan G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) FM-4/TGR-1 and acts on the neuromedin U (NMU) receptor 2 (NMUR2) in the regulation of body weight homeostasis .

HY-137592

Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide ε-NAD	Fluorescent Dye	Others
Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide (ε-NAD) , a fluorescent analogue of NAD, is able to serve as a substrate for the bacterial toxincatalyzed G-ADP ribosylation of signal-transducing G-proteins. Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide can be used as a fluorescent substrate for the studies of the ADP ribosylation reaction .

HY-145997

MRGPRX4 modulator-1	Mas-related G-protein-coupled Receptor (MRGPR)	Inflammation/Immunology
MRGPRX4 modulator-1 (compound 31-2) is a potent *mas-related g-protein* receptor X4 (MRGPR X4) modulator, with antagonist activity of IC₅₀** < 100 nM for MRGPR4. MRGPRX4 modulator-1 can be used for researching MRGPR X4 dependent diseases such as itch, pain, and autoimmune disorders .

HY-P1306

Obestatin(rat)	GHSR	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Obestatin(rat), encoded by the Ghrelin gene, is a cpeptide, comprised of 23 amino acids. Obestatin(rat) suppresses food intake, inhibits jejunal contraction, and decreases body-weight gain. Obestatin is an endogenous ligand of G-protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39). Obestatin(rat) has anti-inflammatory, anti-myocardial infarction and antioxidant activities .

HY-137592A

Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide sodium ε-NAD sodium	Others	Others
Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide (ε-NAD) sodium, a fluorescent analogue of NAD, is able to serve as a substrate for the bacterial toxincatalyzed G-ADP ribosylation of signal-transducing G-proteins. Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide sodium can be used as a fluorescent substrate for the studies of the ADP ribosylation reaction .

HY-174787

Human ACKR3 mRNA	mRNA	Cancer
Human ACKR3 mRNA encodes the human atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) protein, a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. ACKR3 is a typical chemokine receptor that controls chemokine levels and localization via high-affinity chemokine binding that is uncoupled from classic ligand-driven signal transduction cascades, resulting instead in chemokine sequestration, degradation, or transcytosis.

HY-P1306A

Obestatin(rat) TFA	GHSR	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Obestatin(rat) TFA, encoded by the Ghrelin gene, is a cpeptide, comprised of 23 amino acids. Obestatin(rat) TFA suppresses food intake, inhibits jejunal contraction, and decreases body-weight gain. Obestatin is an endogenous ligand of G-protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39). Obestatin(rat) TFA has anti-inflammatory, anti-myocardial infarction and antioxidant activities .

HY-174727

Human CXCR2 mRNA	mRNA	Inflammation/Immunology
Human CXCR2 mRNA encodes the human C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) protein, a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. CXCR2 is a receptor for interleukin 8 (IL8). It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein activated second messenger system. This receptor also binds to chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1/MGSA), a protein with melanoma growth stimulating activity, and has been shown to be a major component required for serum-dependent melanoma cell growth.

HY-117403

AB-FUBICA	Cannabinoid Receptor Potassium Channel
AB-FUBICA (Compound 13) is a CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist that activates G-protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRK) by binding to CB1 and CB2 receptors, displaying notable cannabinoid-like activity. AB-FUBICA has EC₅₀ values of 21 nM for CB1 and 15 nM for CB2. AB-FUBICA may be suitable for studying pain management, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation-related mechanisms .

HY-P0049A

Argipressin diacetate Arg8-vasopressin diacetate; AVP diacetate; ADH	Apoptosis Vasopressin Receptor	Neurological Disease Cancer
Argipressin (diacetate) (AVP (diacetate), also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH)) is a 9 amino acid neuropeptide secreted by the posterior pituitary. Argipressin (diacetate) (AVP (diacetate)) can regulate the biological effects of fluid balance, osmolality and cardiovascular through three separate G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely Avpr1a (V1a), Avpr1b (V1b) and Avpr2 (V2). Argipressin (diacetate) (AVP (diacetate)) also have potentially important effects on centrally regulated metabolic processes .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-P0195

Bombesin 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Natural Products Animals Source classification	Bombesin Receptor
Bombesin, a tetradecapeptide, plays an important role in the release of gastrin and the activation of G-protein receptors .

HY-13771A

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium 15+ Cited Publications Ursodeoxycholate sodium; Ursodiol sodium; UCDA sodium	Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Steroids	G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 FXR Endogenous Metabolite
Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholate) sodium is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of (cheno)deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting as a key regulator of the intestinal barrier integrity and essential for lipid metabolism. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors, including G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5, GPCR19) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium can be used for the research of a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Orally active .

HY-W013706

Inosine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Inosine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt is a nucleotide analogue that acts on multiple G proteins and is widely used in G protein-related research. It can bind to the α -subunit of G proteins and participate in G protein-mediated signal transduction as a substitute for GTP. Its mechanism of action is to interact with the nucleotide-binding site of the G protein α -subunit, affecting the activity and function of G proteins. In the research field, it is mainly used to explore the role of the G protein signaling pathway in cellular physiological and pathological processes. For example, in HL-60 leukemia cells, its impact on G protein-mediated signal transduction can be studied .

HY-13771

Ursodeoxycholic acid 15+ Cited Publications Ursodeoxycholate; Ursodiol; UDCA	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Other disease Classification of Application Fields Source classification Disease markers Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Cancer	G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 FXR Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) Endogenous Metabolite
Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholate) is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of (cheno)deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting as a key regulator of the intestinal barrier integrity and essential for lipid metabolism. Ursodeoxycholic acid acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors, including G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5, GPCR19) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Ursodeoxycholic acid can be used for the research of a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Ursodeoxycholic acid also reduces ACE2 expression and is beneficial for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Orally active .

HY-113066A

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt 2 Publications Verification GDP disodium salt	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite Potassium Channel
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) disodium salt, a purine nucleoside diphosphate, is interconverted to guanosine by the action of exonucleotidase and phosphorylation of nucleoside to guanine. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K ⁺ channel and is used to study the kinetics and characteristics of GTPases such as those associated with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the Hepcidin (HY-P70400)-ferroportin interaction and modulates the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway. Elevated levels of guanosine 5’-diphosphate are associated with the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is promising for the research of inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation (AI) .

HY-N0593

Deoxycholic acid 15+ Cited Publications Cholanoic Acid; Desoxycholic acid	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids	G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 Endogenous Metabolite
Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5 .

HY-N0593A

Deoxycholic acid sodium salt 15+ Cited Publications Sodium deoxycholate	Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids	G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 Endogenous Metabolite
Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (sodium deoxycholate), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5 .

HY-12695B

Guanosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt hydrate 5+ Cited Publications 5'-GTP trisodium salt hydrate	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite DNA/RNA Synthesis
5'-GTP trisodium salt hydrate is an activator of the signal transducing G proteins and also serves as an energy-rich precursor of mononucleotide units in the enzymatic biosynthesis of DNA and RNA.

HY-13771R

Ursodeoxycholic acid (Standard) Ursodeoxycholate (Standard); Ursodiol (Standard); UDCA (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Other disease Source classification Disease markers Endogenous metabolite Steroids	Reference Standards G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 FXR Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) Endogenous Metabolite
Ursodeoxycholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ursodeoxycholic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholate) is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of (cheno)deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting as a key regulator of the intestinal barrier integrity and essential for lipid metabolism. Ursodeoxycholic acid acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors, including G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5, GPCR19) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Ursodeoxycholic acid can be used for the research of a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Ursodeoxycholic acid also reduces ACE2 expression and is beneficial for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Orally active .

HY-113066AR

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Endogenous Metabolite Potassium Channel
Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (disodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (disodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) disodium salt, a purine nucleoside diphosphate, is interconverted to guanosine by the action of exonucleotidase and phosphorylation of nucleoside to guanine. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K+ channel and is used to study the kinetics and characteristics of GTPases such as those associated with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the Hepcidin (HY-P70400)-ferroportin interaction and modulates the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway. Elevated levels of guanosine 5’-diphosphate are associated with the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is promising for the research of inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation (AI) .

HY-121532

(-)-Rasfonin	Monophenols Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Phenols Disease Research Fields Cancer	Ras Apoptosis Autophagy
(-)-Rasfonin is a fungal secondary metabolite and inhibits small G proteins Ras. (-)-Rasfonin induces apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy in ACHN cells (a renal carcinoma cell line) .

HY-N0593R

Deoxycholic acid (Standard) Cholanoic Acid(Standard); Desoxycholic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids	Reference Standards G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 Endogenous Metabolite
Deoxycholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deoxycholic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5 .

HY-N0593AR

Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (Standard) Sodium deoxycholate (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Source classification Endogenous metabolite Steroids	G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 Endogenous Metabolite
Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deoxycholic acid sodium salt. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (sodium deoxycholate), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5 .

HY-W010737

Guanosine-5'-triphosphate disodium salt 5+ Cited Publications 5'-GTP disodium salt	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite MicroRNA
Guanosine 5'-triphosphate (5'-GTP) trisodium salt is a G protein (G proteins) signaling activator and a high-energy precursor in the biosynthesis of nucleotide units in DNA and RNA. Guanosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt can promote myogenic cell differentiation by upregulating miRNA (miR133a, miR133b) and myogenic regulatory factor expression, and by inducing human myogenic precursor cells to release exosomes containing guanosine molecules. Guanosine-5'-triphosphate disodium salt holds promise for research in biosynthesis and skeletal muscle regeneration .

HY-12695

Guanosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt 4 Publications Verification 5'-GTP trisodium salt	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite DNA/RNA Synthesis
Guanosine 5'-triphosphate (5'-GTP) trisodium salt is a G protein (G proteins) signaling activator and a high-energy precursor in the biosynthesis of nucleotide units in DNA and RNA. Guanosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt can promote myogenic cell differentiation by upregulating miRNA (miR133a, miR133b) and myogenic regulatory factor expression, and by inducing human myogenic precursor cells to release exosomes containing guanosine molecules. Guanosine-5'-triphosphate disodium salt holds promise for research in biosynthesis and skeletal muscle regeneration .

HY-B1811

Vasopressin 5 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Cyclopeptides Source classification Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Vasopressin is a cyclic nonapeptide that is synthesized centrally in the hypothalamus. Vasopressin participates in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and regulates pituitary corticotropin secretion by potentiating the stimulatory effects of corticotropin releasing factor. Vasopressin also can act as a neurotransmitter, exerting its action by binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors .

HY-174147

GABAB receptor antagonist 4	Structural Classification	GABA Receptor
GABAB receptor antagonist 4 (Compound 28) is a GABAB receptor antagonist. GABAB receptor antagonist 4 can inhibit GABA-induced G protein activation. GABAB receptor antagonist 4 competitively binds to the orthosteric site of GABAB receptor. GABAB receptor antagonist 4 can be used to study GABAB receptor-related neurological diseases .

HY-B0228

Adenosine 10+ Cited Publications Adenine riboside; D-Adenosine	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Autophagy Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation .

HY-W014502

D-Kynurenine	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cancer	Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
D-kynurenine, a metabolite of D-tryptophan, can serve as the bioprecursor of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine. D-Kynurenine is an agonist for G protein-coupled receptor, GPR109B. D-Kynurenine is a substrate in a fluorometric assay of D-amino acid oxidase. D-kynurenine promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) .

HY-111557

YM-254890 10+ Cited Publications	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Disease Research Fields	P2Y Receptor
YM-254890 is a selective G_αq/11 protein inhibitor isolated from Chromobacterium sp. YM-254890 shows no inhibition of other G protein subtypes. YM-254890 inhibits platelet aggregation induced by ADP by blocking the P2Y₁ signal transduction pathway, with an IC₅₀ value below 0.6 μM .

HY-141581

Lyso-PAF C-18	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Platelet-activating Factor Receptor (PAFR) Endogenous Metabolite
Lyso-PAF C-18 is an intermediate for the synthesis of C18-PAF (HY-130345). It has an easily substituted "Lyso-PAF" structure and is easy to purify and has high yield. C18-PAF is a ligand for platelet-activating factor and PAF G protein-coupled receptor (PAFR) and has renovasodilator properties and antihypertensive lipid properties .

HY-B1811R

Vasopressin (Standard)	Structural Classification Cyclopeptides Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Endogenous Metabolite
Vasopressin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vasopressin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vasopressin is a cyclic nonapeptide that is synthesized centrally in the hypothalamus. Vasopressin participates in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and regulates pituitary corticotropin secretion by potentiating the stimulatory effects of corticotropin releasing factor. Vasopressin also can act as a neurotransmitter, exerting its action by binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors .

HY-B0228R

Adenosine (Standard) Adenine riboside (Standard); D-Adenosine (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Autophagy Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Adenosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Adenosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation .

HY-W014502R

D-Kynurenine (Standard)	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
D-Kynurenine (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Kynurenine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-kynurenine, a metabolite of D-tryptophan, can serve as the bioprecursor of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine. D-Kynurenine is an agonist for G protein-coupled receptor, GPR109B. D-Kynurenine is a substrate in a fluorometric assay of D-amino acid oxidase. D-kynurenine promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) .

HY-108635

C16-PAF 25+ Cited Publications PAF (C16)	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Source classification Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	p38 MAPK MEK ERK Endogenous Metabolite
C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator. C16-PAF induces increased vascular permeability .

HY-N15721

Tryptophan-cholic acid Trp-CA	Triterpenes Structural Classification Terpenoids Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Orphan GPCR
Tryptophan-cholic acid (Trp-CA) is a microbial amino-acid-conjugated bile acid, serving as an endogenous ligand and agonist of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) MRGPRE. Tryptophan-cholic acid activates MRGPRE, promoting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) through the Gs-cAMP and β-arrestin-1-ALDOA signaling pathways, thereby improving glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Tryptophan-cholic acid is promising for research of type 2 diabetes .

HY-W013935

Bisphenol B	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Source classification Phenols Polyphenols Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Endocrinology	Endogenous Metabolite Estrogen Receptor/ERR Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Bisphenol B is a close structural analog of Bisphenol A (BPA) (HY-18260). Bisphenol B is a potent, orally active endocrine disruptor (ED). Bisphenol B binds to G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) (IC₅₀ = 3.3 μM) with higher affinity and agonistic activity than BPA. Bisphenol B promotes GPER mediated cell migration. Bisphenol B exerts estrogenic effects via GPER pathway at nanomolar concentration. Bisphenol B is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate resin with ED properties .

HY-113421

Linoleoyl ethanolamide Linoleic acid monoethanolamide	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Cannabinoid Receptor
Linoleoyl ethanolamide (Linoleic acid monoethanolamide) is classified as a fatty acid ethanolamide. Linoleoyl ethanolamide only weakly binds G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors of type-1（CB1）and CB2 receptors, and inhibits the binding of ^[3H]CP-55,940 with K_is of 10 and 25 μM, respectively. Linoleoyl ethanolamide is 4-fold less potent than anandamide at causing catalepsy in mice and it does not prolong sleep time .

HY-108496

Sphingosine-1-phosphate 10+ Cited Publications S1P	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Endocrinology	Endogenous Metabolite LPL Receptor
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an agonist of S1P_1-5 receptors and a ligand of GPR3, GPR6 and GPR12. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is an intracellular second messenger and mobilizes Ca ²⁺ as an extracellular ligand for G protein-coupled receptors . Sphingosine-1-phosphate is an important lipid mediator generated from Sphingomyelin (HY-113498) or other membrane phospholipids . Sphingosine-1-phosphate stimulates the DNA synthesis, cell proliferation and migration .

HY-W010516

2-Methylvaleric acid 2-Methylpentanoic acid	Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Metabolic Disease Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
2-Methylvaleric acid is a branched short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids by gut microbes. 2-Methylvaleric acid can be used as a potential biomarker for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, and its content is significantly reduced in the feces of diabetic mice. 2-Methylvaleric acid may regulate host energy metabolism and inflammatory response through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. 2-Methylvaleric acid can be used to study gut microbe-host interactions and metabolic diseases as a fecal biomarker[1][2].

HY-W013935R

Bisphenol B (Standard)	Structural Classification Source classification Phenols Polyphenols Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Estrogen Receptor/ERR Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Bisphenol B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bisphenol B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bisphenol B is a close structural analog of Bisphenol A (BPA) (HY-18260). Bisphenol B is a potent, orally active endocrine disruptor (ED). Bisphenol B binds to G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) (IC₅₀ = 3.3 μM) with higher affinity and agonistic activity than BPA. Bisphenol B promotes GPER mediated cell migration. Bisphenol B exerts estrogenic effects via GPER pathway at nanomolar concentration. Bisphenol B is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate resin with ED properties .

HY-16950A

(E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen 1 Publications Verification Afimoxifene; 4-OHT	Structural Classification Alkaloids Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Other Alkaloids Source classification Phenols Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cancer	Estrogen Receptor/ERR Adhesion G Protein-coupled Receptors (AGPCRs) Drug Metabolite
(E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen (Afimoxifene) is a racemic compound of (Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen and (E)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen isomers. (E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator with mixed estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity, which is also an active metabolite of Tamoxifen (HY-13757A). (E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen is an agonist of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) with relatively low affinity (100-1000 nM). (E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen is promising for research of cyclical mastalgia, such as breast pain, tenderness, and nodularity .

HY-108635R

C16-PAF (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Source classification Endogenous metabolite	p38 MAPK MEK ERK Endogenous Metabolite
C16-PAF (Standard) is the analytical standard of C16-PAF. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator. C16-PAF induces increased vascular permeability .

HY-113439

12-HETE 1 Publications Verification	Microorganisms Source classification	Apoptosis
12-HETE, a major metabolic product of arachidonic acid using 12-LOX catalysis, inhibits cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. 12-HETE promotes the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB through the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) pathway .12-HETE has both anti-thrombotic and pro-thrombotic effects . 12-HETE is a neuromodulator .

HY-W010516R

2-Methylvaleric acid (Standard) 2-Methylpentanoic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification other families Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Plants Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
2-Methylvaleric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Methylvaleric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Methylvaleric acid is a branched short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids by gut microbes. 2-Methylvaleric acid can be used as a potential biomarker for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, and its content is significantly reduced in the feces of diabetic mice. 2-Methylvaleric acid may regulate host energy metabolism and inflammatory response through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. 2-Methylvaleric acid can be used to study gut microbe-host interactions and metabolic diseases as a fecal biomarker[1][2].

HY-113513

5-HEPE	Microorganisms Source classification	Others
5(S)-HEPE is an active metabolite of eicosapentaenoic acid. It is formed from EPA by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). 5(S)-HEPE is an agonist of G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119). It increases cAMP accumulation in CHO-K1 cells expressing human GPR119 when used at a concentration of 10 μM. 5(S)-HEPE increases glucose-induced insulin secretion from MING6 insulinoma pancreatic islets and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion from HuTu 80 adenocarcinoma cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM. Serum levels of 5(S)-HEPE are elevated in patients with hyperlipidemia.

HY-153830

LacCer (d18:1/16:0) C16 Lactosylceramide (d18:1/16:0)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Source classification Saccharides Monosaccharides	Endogenous Metabolite
LacCer (d18:1/16:0) (C16 Lactosylceramide (d18:1/16:0)) is an endogenous bioactive sphingolipid that can form membrane microdomains with Lyn kinase and the αi subunits of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The levels of LacCer (d18:1/16:0) are elevated in the plasma of insulin-resistant cattle. In a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C1 disease (a neurodegenerative cholesterol-sphingolipid lysosomal storage disorder), the expression of LacCer (d18:1/16:0) is also upregulated. LacCer (d18:1/16:0) can be used in research on metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases .

HY-B2132

Tryptamine 1 Publications Verification 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole~2-(3-Indolyl)ethylamine	Alkaloids Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Indole Alkaloids	Endogenous Metabolite 5-HT Receptor Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
Tryptamine is a selective, blood-brain-penetrating 5-HT4 receptor agonist (EC50=1-3 mM) and an endogenous ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) (Kd=10-50 nM). Tryptamine promotes intestinal anion secretion and fluid transport by activating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and accelerates gastrointestinal motility. Tryptamine regulates Th17/Treg balance to inhibit neuroinflammation, competitively binds to 5-HT receptors to regulate central nervous system activity, and participates in temperature regulation and spinal reflex regulation as a neuromodulator. Tryptamine can be used to study intestinal motility disorders such as functional constipation, and has shown significant efficacy in multiple sclerosis models .

HY-N0067

γ-Aminobutyric acid 3 Publications Verification 4-Aminobutyric acid	Structural Classification Animals Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite	GABA Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABA_A receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABA_B receptors. γ-Aminobutyric acid shows calming effect by blocking specific signals of central nervous system .

HY-N0067R

γ-Aminobutyric acid (Standard) 3 Publications Verification 4-Aminobutyric acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Animals Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Endogenous Metabolite GABA Receptor Reference Standards
γ-Aminobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of γ-Aminobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors. γ-Aminobutyric acid shows calming effect by blocking specific signals of central nervous system .

HY-16950AR

(E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen (Standard) Afimoxifene (Standard); 4-OHT (Standard)	Structural Classification Alkaloids Monophenols Other Alkaloids Source classification Phenols Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Estrogen Receptor/ERR Endogenous Metabolite
(E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen (Standard) is the analytical standard of (E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen (Afimoxifene) is a racemic compound of (Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen and (E)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen isomers. (E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator with mixed estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity, which is also an active metabolite of Tamoxifen (HY-13757A). (E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen is an agonist of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) with relatively low affinity (100-1000 nM). (E/Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen is promising for research of cyclical mastalgia, such as breast pain, tenderness, and nodularity .

HY-13948

Angiotensin II human Maximum Cited Publications 148 Publications Verification Angiotensin II; Ang II; DRVYIHPF	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Endocrinology Cancer	Angiotensin Receptor Apoptosis
Angiotensin II (Angiotensin II) is a vasoconstrictor and a major bioactive peptide of the renin/angiotensin system. Angiotensin II human plays a central role in regulating human blood pressure, which is mainly mediated by interactions between Angiotensin II and the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). Angiotensin II human stimulates sympathetic nervous stimulation, increases aldosterone biosynthesis and renal actions. Angiotensin II human induces growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, increases collagen type I and III synthesis in fibroblasts, leading to thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, and fibrosis. Angiotensin II human also induces apoptosis. Angiotensin II induces capillary formation from endothelial cells via the LOX-1 dependent redox-sensitive pathway .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B0412S

Estriol-d2
Estriol-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Estriol. Estriol is an antagonist of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.

HY-B0412S2

Estriol-d3
Estriol-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Estriol. Estriol is an antagonist of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.

HY-113478S

Ursodeoxycholic acid-2,2,4,4-d4

Ursodeoxycholic acid-2,2,4,4-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Ursodeoxycholic acid (HY-13771). Ursodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of (cheno)deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting as a key regulator of the intestinal barrier integrity and essential for lipid metabolism. Ursodeoxycholic acid acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors, including G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5, GPCR19) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Ursodeoxycholic acid can be used for the research of a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Ursodeoxycholic acid also reduces ACE2 expression and is beneficial for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection .

HY-N0593S1

Deoxycholic acid-d5
Deoxycholic acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Deoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic acid is specifically responsible for activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

HY-N0593S

Deoxycholic acid-d4 1 Publications Verification
Deoxycholic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Deoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic acid is specifically responsible for activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

HY-B0412S1

Estriol-d1
Estriol-d is the deuterium labeled Estriol. Estriol is an antagonist of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.

HY-B0412S3

Estriol-13C3
Estriol- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled Estriol. Estriol is an antagonist of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.

HY-13771S1

Ursodeoxycholic acid-13C

Ursodeoxycholic acid- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Ursodeoxycholic acid. Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholate) is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of (cheno)deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting as a key regulator of the intestinal barrier integrity and essential for lipid metabolism. Ursodeoxycholic acid acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors, including G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5, GPCR19) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Ursodeoxycholic acid can be used for the research of a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Orally active .

HY-105791S

Sulazepam-d5
Sulazepam-d₅ is a deuterium labeled Sulazepam (HY-105791). Sulazepam is a selective ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor (OGR1) agonist .

HY-N0593S2

Deoxycholic acid-d6
Deoxycholic acid-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Deoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic acid is specifically responsible for activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

HY-N0593S3

Deoxycholic acid-13C
Deoxycholic acid- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled Deoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic acid is specifically responsible for activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

HY-B0228S8

Adenosine-d1-2
Adenosine-d-2 is the deuterium labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular phys

HY-B0228S7

Adenosine-d1-1
Adenosine-d-1 is the deuterium labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular phys

HY-B0228S6

Adenosine-d2
Adenosine-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physio

HY-B0228S5

Adenosine-13C
Adenosine- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology,

HY-B0228S14

Adenosine-d9
Adenosine-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physio .

HY-B0228S2

Adenosine-2′-13C
Adenosine-2′- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiolo

HY-B0228S3

Adenosine-3′-13C
Adenosine-3′- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiolo

HY-B0228S4

Adenosine-1′-13C
Adenosine-1′- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiolo

HY-B1811S1

Vasopressin-d5

Vasopressin-d5 is anIsotope-labeled compound of Vasopressin. Vasopressin is a cyclic nonapeptide that is synthesized centrally in the hypothalamus. Vasopressin participates in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and regulates pituitary corticotropin secretion by potentiating the stimulatory effects of the corticotropin-releasing factor. Vasopressin also can act as a neurotransmitter, exerting its action by binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors .

HY-B0228S

Adenosine-d1
Adenosine-d is the deuterium labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation .

HY-B0228S1

Adenosine-13C5
Adenosine- ¹³C₅ is the ¹³C labeled Adenosine . Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation .

HY-W779021

Adenosine-15N
Adenosine- ¹⁵N (Adenine riboside- ¹⁵N) is ¹⁵N labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation .

HY-W755778

3-Iodothyronamine hydrochloride-13C6

3-Iodothyronamine hydrochloride- ¹³C₆ is the ¹³C-labeled 3-Iodothyronamine hydrochloride (HY-135065). 3-Iodothyronamine hydrochloride is an endogenous and rapid-acting derivative of thyroid hormone. 3-Iodothyronamine potently activates an orphan G protein-coupled receptor in vitro (TAAR1) and induced hypothermia in vivo on a rapid time scale. 3-Iodothyronamine can be used for the research of congestive heart failure .

HY-B0228S9

Adenosine-13C10,15N5

Adenosine- ¹³C₁₀, ¹⁵N₅ is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Adenosine (HY-B0228) . Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation .

HY-B0228S13

Adenosine-13C10

Adenosine- ¹³C₁₀ (Adenine riboside- ¹³C₁₀; D-Adenosine- ¹³C₁₀) is ¹³C-labeled Adenosine (HY-B0228). Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation.

HY-B0228S12

Adenosine-d13

Adenosine-d₁₃ (Adenine riboside-d₁₃; D-Adenosine-d₁₃) is deuterium labeled Adenosine (HY-B0228). Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation.

HY-B0228S11

Adenosine-15N5

Adenosine- ¹⁵N₅ (Adenine riboside- ¹⁵N₅; D-Adenosine- ¹⁵N₅) is the ¹⁵N labled Adenosine (HY-B0228). Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation .

HY-113421S

Linoleoyl ethanolamide-d4

Linoleoyl ethanolamide-d4 is a deuterated labeled Linoleoyl ethanolamide . Linoleoyl ethanolamide (Linoleic acid monoethanolamide) is classified as a fatty acid ethanolamide. Linoleoyl ethanolamide only weakly binds G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors of type-1（CB1）and CB2 receptors, and inhibits the binding of ^[3H]CP-55,940 with K_is of 10 and 25 μM, respectively. Linoleoyl ethanolamide is 4-fold less potent than anandamide at causing catalepsy in mice and it does not prolong sleep time .

HY-B1811AS1

Vasopressin-d5 TFA

Vasopressin-d5 TFA is the TFA salt form of Vasopressin-d5 (HY-B1811S1). Vasopressin-d5 TFA is an isotope-labeled compound of Vasopressin (HY-B1811). Vasopressin is a cyclic nonapeptide that is synthesized centrally in the hypothalamus. Vasopressin participates in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and regulates pituitary corticotropin secretion by potentiating the stimulatory effects of the corticotropin-releasing factor. Vasopressin also can act as a neurotransmitter, exerting its action by binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors .

HY-108496S

Sphingosine-1-phosphate-d7

Sphingosine-1-phosphate-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Sphingosine-1-phosphate. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an agonist of S1P1-5 receptors and a ligand of GPR3, GPR6 and GPR12.?Sphingosine-1-phosphate is an intracellular second messenger and mobilizes Ca2+ as an extracellular ligand for G protein-coupled receptors . Sphingosine-1-phosphate is an important lipid mediator generated from Sphingomyelin (HY-113498) or other membrane phospholipids .

HY-13948BS

Angiotensin II human-13C6,15N TFA

Angiotensin II human- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N TFA (Ang II- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N TFA) is ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Angiotensin II human (TFA) (HY-13948B). Angiotensin II human (Angiotensin II) TFA is a vasoconstrictor and a major bioactive peptide of the renin/angiotensin system. Angiotensin II human TFA plays a central role in regulating human blood pressure, which is mainly mediated by interactions between Angiotensin II and the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). Angiotensin II human TFA stimulates sympathetic nervous stimulation, increases aldosterone biosynthesis and renal actions .

HY-153830S

LacCer (d18:1/16:0)-d3

LacCer (d18:1/16:0)-d₃ (C16 Lactosylceramide (d18:1/16:0)-d₃) is the deuterium labeled LacCer (d18:1/16:0) (HY-153830). LacCer (d18:1/16:0) is an endogenous bioactive sphingolipid that can form membrane microdomains with Lyn kinase and the αi subunits of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The levels of LacCer (d18:1/16:0) are elevated in the plasma of insulin-resistant cattle. In a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C1 disease (a neurodegenerative cholesterol-sphingolipid lysosomal storage disorder), the expression of LacCer (d18:1/16:0) is also upregulated. LacCer (d18:1/16:0) can be used in research on metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases .

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