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TLR7 agonist 16 (compound 16d) is a highly potent TLR7 agonist with an EC50 of 18 nM. TLR7 agonist 16 potently induces the activation of mousemacrophages and hPBMCs at low-nanomolar concentrations .
TLR7 agonist 15 (compound 16b) is a highly potent TLR7 agonist with an EC50 of 18 nM. TLR7 agonist 15 potently induces the activation of mousemacrophages and hPBMCs at low-nanomolar concentrations .
TLR7 agonist 14 (compound 17b) is a highly potent TLR7 agonist with an EC50 of 18 nM. TLR7 agonist 14 potently induces the activation of mousemacrophages and hPBMCs at low-nanomolar concentrations .
Anti-inflammatory agent 95 (Compound 2e) is an anti-inflammatory agent that exhibits the most potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS (HY-D1056)-induced RAW 264.7 mousemacrophages.
It significantly inhibits the production of NO, with an IC50 of 8.8 μM, and reduces the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β, with inhibition rates reaching 60% and over 90%, respectively, at a concentration of 100 μM.
Anti-inflammatory agent 95 holds promise for research in the field of inflammatory diseases .
Stercobilin hydrochloride (amixture of isomers) is a bile pigment metabolized by gut bacteria, and it's also an HIV protease inhibitor, with a Ki of 4 μM. Stercobilin hydrochloride (a mixture of isomers) can induce pro-inflammatory activity in mousemacrophage RAW264 cells, including the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Stercobilin hydrochloride (a mixture of isomers) can be used in studies of inflammation and viral infections .
NLRP3-IN-49 (compound Z48) is a potent and specific NLRP3 inhibitor (IC50=0.26 μM in THP-1 cells, IC50=0.21 μM in mouse bone marrow macrophages). NLRP3-IN-49 can directly bind to NLRP3 protein (Kd=1.05 μM), effectively preventing the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. NLRP3-IN-49 can be used in the study of inflammatory bowel disease .
Anti-inflammatory agent 55 (compound 9j) is a derivative of Coixol and has anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 54 inhibits the NF-κB pathway and downregulates the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Anti-inflammatory agent 54 inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages (IC50: 0.8 μM) and exerts in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse auricular edema model .
Anti-inflammatory agent 54 (compound 9c) is a derivative of Coixol and has anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 54 inhibits the NF-κB pathway and downregulates the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Anti-inflammatory agent 54 inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages (IC50: 2.4 μM) and exerts in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse auricular edema model .
FGT-4 is a folate receptor β (FR-β) targeting chimeric molecule. FGT-4 is a TLR7 agonist. FGT-4 facilitates the secretion of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 associated with M1 macrophages and enhances the proliferation of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. FGT-4 has anti-tumor activity in the 4T1 breast cancer mouse model. FGT-4 can be used for the study of cancer immunity. (Pink: target protein TLR7/8 agonist 1 ligand (HY-103698); black: linker (HY-172936); blue: FR-β ligand (HY-172935)) .
7-Acetyl paclitaxel is a microtubule depolymerization inhibitor which inhibits calcium-induced microtubule depolymerization. 7-Acetyl paclitaxel reduces the growth of J774.2 macrophages (IC50 ~ 60 nM) and increases the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages .
Cleomiscosin A is a coumarino-lignoid from branch of Macaranga adenantha. Cleomiscosin A is active against TNF-alpha secretion of the mouse peritoneal macrophages .
Dauricumine is a chlorinated alkaloid that inhibits NF-κB ligand-induced differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages into multinucleated osteoclasts .
Hyuganin D (Isobocconin) is a Coumarin (HY-N0709) constituent that substantially inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NO production in mouse peritoneal macrophages .
Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) is an anti-mouseIFN gamma IgG antibody inhibitor derived from host Armenian Hamster. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) abrogates specific binding of I25II-rIFN-γ to macrophages. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) inhibits macrophage-activating factor (MAF) (ID50 = 56 ng). Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) inhibits IFN-gamma dependent antiviral activity (ID50 = 2 ng). Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) neutralizes IFNγ in mice. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) can be used for the researches of inflammation and infection, such as arthritis .
LY53857 free base is a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist with the ED50 of 17.5 nM. LY53857 free base shows antiviral activity against influenza A virus .
Tomatidine hydrochloride acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling . Tomatidine hydrochloride activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans .
Tirucallol, a tetracyclic triterpene, is isolated from Euphorbia lacteal latex. Tirucallol has topical anti-inflammatory effect. Tirucallol can suppress ear edema in the mouse model and inhibit nitrite production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages .
Cytogenin (Antibiotic MI 43-37F11) is an orally active antineoplastic antibiotic. Cytogenin regulates the inflammatory cytokine, reduces the levels of iNOS, NO and IL-6 in mousemacrophages, and exhibits antidiabetic efficacy in mice. Cytogenin inhibits growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor in mouse model .
D-Trimannuronic acid, an alginate oligomer is extracted from seaweed. D-Trimannuronic acid can induce TNF‐α secretion by mousemacrophage cell lines. D-Trimannuronic acid can be used for the research of pain and vascular dementia .
FIZZ-1 (32-51) (mouse) is a cysteine-rich secretory protein that is highly expressed by macrophages, bronchial epithelial and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) in allergic airway inflammation. FIZZ1 (32-51) (mouse) also shows an antiapoptotic effect on lung fibroblasts. FIZZ-1 (32-51) (mouse) can be used in the study of allergic pneumonia .
Cucumarioside A2-2 is a triterpene glycoside with antitumor activity. Cucumarioside A2-2 can induce mousemacrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype. Cucumarioside A2-2 pretreated macrophages can effectively and selectively target and kill multiple types of cancer cells. Cucumarioside A2-2-induced M1 macrophages can effectively target and penetrate tumor tissues and improve the survival rate of mice in an allogeneic model. Exogenous activation of Cucumarioside A2-2 provides a useful model for the subsequent development of antitumor cell immunosuppression .
E104 (compound 1) is a potent and selective TLR7 agonist. E104 can be delivered by antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology to elicit potent anticancer activity. E104 induces the activation of mousemacrophages and hPBMCs .
KC01 is an effective inhibitor of ABHD16A, with IC50s of 90 nM for hABHD16A and 520 nM for mABHD16A. KC01 significantly reduces lyso-PSs, and decreases lyso-PS and LPS-induced cytokine production in mousemacrophages .
Epibetulinic acid exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in mousemacrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin with IC50s of 0.7 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity .
mUNO is a tumor-homing peptide (mUNO, sequence: "CSPGAK") that specifically binds to mouse CD206, targeting tumor-associated macrophages that express CD206/MRC1. mUNO can interact with human recombinant CD206 .
ABT-080 is an orally active inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis. ABT-080 simultaneously blocks the leukotriene pathways leading to the synthesis of LTB4 and LTC4, but does not inhibit PGH2 biosynthesis. ABT-080 can block bronchoconstriction and be used in the research of asthma and related inflammations
HDAC8-IN-12 (compound 5k) is a non-hydroxamic acid, selective inhibitor of HDAC8 (IC50: 0.12 nM) and a potent inhibitor of breast cancer. HDAC8-IN-12 triggers anti-tumor immunity by activating T cells, increasing the proportion of M1 macrophages and decreasing the proportion of M2 macrophages. HDAC8-IN-12 (50 mg/kg) exerts tumor suppressive effects in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer .
NIC-12 is a potent NLRP3 inhibitor. NIC-12 selectively reduces circulating IL-1ß levels in the LPS-endotoxemia mice model. NIC-12 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mousemacrophages .
Sudachitin, a polymethoxyflavone that can be isolated from Citrus sudachi, suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in mousemacrophage-like RAW264 cells. Sudachitin can activate the p38MAPK pathway and inhibit the ERK1/2 pathway in HaCaT cells .
PKR-IN-C51(compound 51) is an ATP-competitive double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 9 μM. PKR-IN-C51 inhibits intracellular PKR activation in a dose-dependent manner in primary mousemacrophages .
iNOs-IN-1 (YPW) is a potent inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor. iNOs-IN-1 can significantly inhibit the expression of IL-6 and iNOS, as well as reduce LPS-induced NO generation with dose-dependent manner in mousemacrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects .
Forphenicinol is an immunomodulator and a derivative of the bacterial metabolite forphenicine. It increases the phagocytosis of yeast by peritoneal macrophages isolated from thioglycolate-stimulated mice. Forphenicinol (100 μg/animal) prevents cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), as well as enhances DTH in response to the hapten oxazolone or sheep red blood cells in mice. It enhances the bactericidal activity of macrophages against P. aeruginosa in mice when administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg.2 Forphenicinol (15.6-1,000 μg/animal) increases survival in a mouse model of P. aeruginosa infection. It also inhibits tumor growth in S180 sarcoma and IMC carcinoma mouse xenograft models when administered at doses ranging from 0.05 to 5 mg/kg per day.
NLRP3-IN-16 is a potent and selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. NLRP3-IN-16 inhibits IL-1β release with an IC50 of 0.065 μM. NLRP3-IN-16 can be used for the research of inflammation .
NLRP3-IN-15 is a potent and selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. NLRP3-IN-15 inhibits IL-1β release with an IC50 of 0.114 μM. NLRP3-IN-15 can be used for the research of inflammation .
NLRP3-IN-14 is a potent and selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor (KD: 5.87 μM). NLRP3-IN-14 inhibits IL-1β release with an IC50 of 0.131 μM. NLRP3-IN-14 can be used for the research of inflammation .
mPGES-1-IN-2 (compound III) is a benzimidazole-based mPGES-1 inhibitor that also inhibits adipophysin PGD synthase (I-PGDS) (5 μM, IR=60 %). mPGES-1-IN-2 reduces PGE2 production and tends to reduce levels of other prostaglandins. mPGES-1-IN-2 effectively inhibits acute inflammation in an air sac model stimulated by Carrageenan (HY-125474) in mice .
RXP470.1 (RXP-470) is a potent, selective MMP-12 inhibitor with a Ki of 0.2 nM against human MMP-12. RXP470.1 is 2 to 4 orders of magnitude less potent against other MMPs. RXP470.1 significantly reduces atherosclerotic plaque cross-sectional area in mouse. RXP470.1 results in less complex plaques with increased smooth muscle cell:macrophage ratio, less macrophage apoptosis, increased cap thickness, smaller necrotic cores, and decreased incidence of calcification .
PLD-IN-1 (Compound 3r) is an orally active inhibitor for phospholipase D with an IC50 of 1.97 μM. PLD-IN-1 reduces the expression of CD24, CD47 and PD-L1, enhances the calreticulin expression, and thus modulates the immune evasion mechanism in lung cancer cells by promoting the phagocytosis of cancer cells by macrophages. PLD-IN-1 inhibits the cell viability of lung cancer cell A549, HCC44, H460 and HCC15 with IC50 of 18.44, 22.31, 24.85 and 21.45 μM, respectively. PLD-IN-1 can induce apoptosis and inhibits migration in cell A549. PLD-IN-1 enhances the level of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and decreases the level of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model .
INF 195 is an NLRP3 inhibitor. INF 195 can inhibit NLRP3 driven macrophagepyroptosis and IL-1β release, with an EC50 value of 0.15 μM. INF 195 can reduce the infarct size of isolated mouse hearts at low doses, effectively preventing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury .
Epibetulinic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled Epibetulinic acid (HY-N0223). Epibetulinic acid exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in mousemacrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin with IC50s of 0.7 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity .
Bis-5,5-Nortrachelogenin is isolated from active extract of root of Wikstroemia indica. Bis-5,5-Nortrachelogenin inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and recombinant mouse interferon-γ(IFN-γ) activated murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7 with an IC50 value of 48.6 mM .
IKKβ-IN-1 is a potent and orally active IkappaB (IKK-β) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.20 μM. IKKβ-IN-1 can reduce PGE2 and TNF-α production in mousemacrophage cells. IKKβ-IN-1 has the ability to protect mice against septic shock induced mortality .
RU.521 (RU320521) is a potent and selective cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) inhibitor and inhibits cGAS-mediated interferon upregulation. RU.521 suppresses dsDNA-activated reporter activity with an IC50 of 0.7 μM. RU.521 reduces constitutive expression of interferon in macrophages from a mouse model of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) .
KT109 is a potent and an isoform-selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase-β (DAGLβ) with an IC50 of 42 nM. KT109 has ~60-fold selectivity for DAGLβ over DAGLα. KT109 shows inhibitory activity against PLA2G7 (IC50=1 µM). KT109 shows negligible activity against FAAH, MGLL, ABHD11, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 or PLA2G4A). KT109 perturbs a lipid network involved in macrophage inflammatory responses and lowers 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (HY-W011051), Arachidonic acid (HY-109590) and eicosanoids in mouse peritoneal macrophages .
Sermetacin (SH-G 318AB) is an anti-inflammatory agent with biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity. Sermetacin is stable in saline and suitable for compound delivery. Sermetacin exhibits good biocompatibility in the RAW 264.7 mousemacrophage cell line. The anti-inflammatory response of sermetacin is comparable to that of its parent compound, indomethacin. Sermetacin may show potential in future applications of self-delivery of compound delivery .
TLR4-IN-C34-C2-COOH is a linker that incorporates TLR4 inhibitor TLR4-IN-C34 (HY-107575). TLR4-IN-C34 inhibits TLR4 in enterocytes and macrophages, and reduces systemic inflammation in mouse models of endotoxemia and necrotizing enterocolitis .
Pam2CSK4, a lipopeptide, is a TLR6-independent TLR2 ligand and agonist. Pam2CSK4 promotes platelet aggregation, and increases platelet adhesion to collagen-coated surfaces in a TLR2/NF-κB/BTK-dependent manner. Pam2CSK4 also activates iNOS expression and NO production in mousemacrophages .
TLR4-IN-C34-C2-amide-C6-OH is a linker that incorporates TLR4 inhibitor TLR4-IN-C34. TLR4-IN-C34 inhibits TLR4 in enterocytes and macrophages, and reduces systemic inflammation in mouse models of endotoxemia and necrotizing enterocolitis .
Pam2CSK4 (TFA), a lipopeptide, is a TLR6-independent TLR2 ligand and agonist. Pam2CSK4 (TFA) promotes platelet aggregation, and increases platelet adhesion to collagen-coated surfaces in a TLR2/NF-κB/BTK-dependent manner. Pam2CSK4 (TFA) also activates iNOS expression and NO production in mousemacrophages .
NF-κB-IN-14 (compound 5e) significantly inhibits nitric oxide production in LPS-induced macrophages (IC50: 6.4 μM). NF-κB-IN-14 disrupts the TLR4-MyD88 protein interaction, leading to the suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway suppression. NF-κB-IN-14 reduces ear edema and inflammation in an atopic dermatitis mouse model .
Isonicotinaldehyde 2-pyridin is an antileishmanial agent that is effective against the promastigotes of L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. Isonicotinaldehyde 2-pyridin has no significant toxic effects on mousemacrophages. The biological activity of Isonicotinaldehyde 2-pyridin is closely related to increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interfering with parasite mitochondrial function. Isonicotinaldehyde 2-pyridin showed its effects on L. amazonensis in preliminary studies on its pharmacological mechanism of action .
KRP-109 is a neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitor with activity in reducing lung inflammation. KRP-109 improves survival in mouse models and reduces the number of neutrophils and inflammation in the alveolar walls. KRP-109 significantly reduced cell and neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as cytokine levels such as interleukin 1β and macrophage inflammatory protein 2. KRP-109 can be used in the research of severe pneumonia .
Traxanox is an orally available diuretic that enhances phagocytosis of yeast granules by mouse peritoneal macrophages and rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro.
Traxanox inhibits IgE-mediated histamine release and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase
activity.Traxanox exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, as it inhibits the anaphylactoid reaction and reduces pleural fluid accumulation in experimental models of inflammation. Traxanox also demonstrates a synergistic effect when combined with hydrocortisone or indomethacin in suppressing adjuvant arthritis in rats.
CSF1R-IN-26 (Compound III-1) is the inhibitor for CSF-1R with an IC50 of 20.07 nM. CSF1R-IN-26 promotes the polarization of M2 macrophages to M1 macrophages, thereby inducing apoptosis in MC-38 cancer cell. CSF1R-IN-26 inhibits the activation of AKT/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway. CSF1R-IN-26 reconstructs the tumor immune microenvironment and exhibits antitumor activity in mouse models. CSF1R-IN-26 exhibits pharmacokinetics characteristics in SD rats with a half-life 1.86 hours, and an oral bioavailability of 79.22% .
W-5 hydrochloride is a calmodulin antagonist. W-5 hydrochloride inhibits phosphodiesterase activation with an IC50 value of 240 µM. W-5 hydrochloride can be used as a negative control for W-7 (HY-100912) .
TLR7 agonist 29 (Compound 1) is the agonist for TLR7 with an EC50 of 5.2 nM for human TLR7 (EC50 for mouse TLR7 is 48.2 nM). TLR7 agonist 29 activates bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), stimulates myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment, promotes the expression of PD-L1, CD86 and IFN-α. TLR7 agonist 29 can be used as payload for synthesis of ADC .
Diprovocim is a potent TLR1/TLR2 agonist. Diprovocim elicits full agonist activity in human THP-1 cells (EC50=110 pM). Diprovocim stimulates the release of TNF-α from mousemacrophages (EC50=1.3 nM). Diprovocim activates downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway. Diprovocim displays strong adjuvant activity in mice, particularly abetting cellular immune responses .
Tri(TLR4-IN-C34-C2-amide-PEG1)-amide-C3-COOH is a linker that incorporates TLR4 inhibitor TLR4-IN-C34. TLR4-IN-C34 inhibits TLR4 in enterocytes and macrophages, and reduces systemic inflammation in mouse models of endotoxemia and necrotizing enterocolitis .
Tri(TLR4-IN-C34-PEG2-amide-PEG1)-amide-C3-COOH is a linker that incorporates TLR4 inhibitor TLR4-IN-C34. TLR4-IN-C34 inhibits TLR4 in enterocytes and macrophages, and reduces systemic inflammation in mouse models of endotoxemia and necrotizing enterocolitis .
Tri(TLR4-IN-C34-C2-amide-C3-amide-PEG1)-amide-C3-COOH is a linker that incorporates TLR4 inhibitor TLR4-IN-C34. TLR4-IN-C34 inhibits TLR4 in enterocytes and macrophages, and reduces systemic inflammation in mouse models of endotoxemia and necrotizing enterocolitis .
2'-Aminoacetophenone is an orally active inducer of apoptosis and respiratory biomarker. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can be used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can inhibit the protein levels of LC3BII and p62 in macrophages infected with pqsA or mvfR and regulate autophagy. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can disrupt mitochondrial function by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling, leading to dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle .
RO5256390 is an orally effective trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist. RO5256390 exhibits pro-cognitive and antidepressant-like properties in rodent and primate models, showing similar brain activation patterns to Olanzapine (HY-14541). RO5256390 blocks compulsive overeating behavior in rats. RO5256390 can inhibit ATP (HY-B2176)-induced TNF secretion in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages .
3,4-Dihydro-6,7-isoquinolinediol (compound 7) is a β2-AR agonist with an EC50 of 106.9 μM in CH-K1/GA1S cells. 3,4-Dihydro-6,7-isoquinolinediol can also inhibit the production of NO in mousemacrophage RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, showing anti-inflammatory activity .
Lucidone, an anti-inflammatory agent that can be isolated from the fruit of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino. Lucidone inhibits LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 mousemacrophages. Lucidone also decreases TNF-α secretion, iNOS and COX-2 expression. Lucidone prevents NF-κB translocation and inhibits JNK and p38MAPK signals. Lucidone also has inhibitory activity against Dengue virus (DENV) (EC50=25 μM) .
Flavipin is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) agonist that induces the expression of Ahr downstream genes in mouse CD4 + T cells and CD11b +macrophages. Flavipin inhibits the stabilizing function of Arid5a on Il23a 3′UTR, a newly identified target mRNA . Flavipin exhibits the DPPH free radical scavenging ability with IC50 value of 7.2 μM, and has potent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 value of 33.8 μM .
TIC10g is a dual inhibitor for toll-like receptor 7 and 9 (TLR7 and TLR9), which inhibits TLR7 and TLR9 mediated TNF-α release in mousemacrophages (IC50 is 14.5 μM and 6.5 μM) and human B lymphocytes (IC50 is 7.69 μM and 11.5 μM). TIC10g inhibits the activation of NF-κB and MAPK, and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity against systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis .
Incadronate disodium (YM 175) is a bisphosphonate with strong inhibitory activity on bone resorption. Incadronate disodium indirectly stimulates renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-hydroxylase by increasing circulating parathyroid hormone. Incadronate disodium, a cholesterol-lowering agent, is a potent inhibitor of rat liver microsomal squalene synthase (Ki=57 nM). Incadronate disodium inhibits sterol biosynthesis in mousemacrophage J774 cells (IC50=64 μM). Incadronate disodium has the potential for malignant tumors research .
Tuberostemonine is a stenine alkaloid that can be isolated from Stemona tuberosa and Stemona sessifolia. Tuberostemonine is an antimalarial agent that has inhibitory activity against Ferredoxin-NADP + reductases (FNRs) from Plasmodium falciparum (PfFNR). Tuberostemonine can reduce the number of citric acid-induced coughs in guinea pigs. Tuberostemonine decreases bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and reduces peribronchial and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse model of acute lung inflammation. Tuberostemonine has a level of activity as a feeding deterrent .
MACTIDE-V is an orally active and selective peptide-drug conjugate targeting CD206. MACTIDE-V delivers Verteporfin (HY-B0146) to CD206 + tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) to inhibit the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, prompting YAP exclusion from the nucleus, inducing TAM polarization toward an anti-tumoral phenotype with enhanced phagocytosis and antigen presentation, and boosting T cell infiltration and NK cell activity. MACTIDE-V suppresses primary tumor growth and lung metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models .
ZG-126 is an agonist for vitamin D receptor (VDR) and an inhibitor for histone deacetylase (HDAC) (IC50=0.63-67.6 μM). ZG-126 exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and 4T1. ZG-126 exhibits antitumor and anti-metastatic efficacy against melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in mouse models. ZG-126 also exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, through the reduction of macrophage infiltration and immunosuppressive M2-polarization .
SMU-14a is a TLR3 inhibitor (IC50: 0.18 µM). SMU-14a inhibits IL-6 secretion in mouse peritoneal macrophages and downregulates TNF-α in human peripheral blood monocytes. SMU-14a exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the phosphorylation of p65, ERK, and TBK1 through NF-κB, MAPK, and IRF3 signaling pathways, and decreasing serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. SMU-14a can be used in the study of acute hepatitis .
2'-Aminoacetophenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-Aminoacetophenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2'-Aminoacetophenone is an orally active inducer of apoptosis and respiratory biomarker. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can be used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can inhibit the protein levels of LC3BII and p62 in macrophages infected with pqsA or mvfR and regulate autophagy. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can disrupt mitochondrial function by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling, leading to dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle .
Lipid 114 is an ionizable cationic lipid with a pKa of approximately 6.8. Lipid 114 can be used to generate lipid nanoparticles (LNP) to deliver siRNA in vitro as well as in vivo. Lipid 114 LNPs encapsulating siRNA that targets IL-1β can reduce IL-1β expression in macrophages. Lipid 114 LNPs encapsulating siRNA that targets IL-1β also reduces hepatic and renal expression of IL-1β, as well as decreasing hepatic inflammation in mouse model with LPS-induced acute liver failure .
TSI-01 is a pro-inflammatory phospholipid mediator that is rapidly synthesized by lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (lyso-PAFAT) in response to extracellular stimuli. Two types of lyso-PAFAT have been identified: lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT)1, which is mostly expressed in the lungs, and LPCAT2, which is expressed in inflammatory cells. TSI-01 is a selective inhibitor of LPCAT2 (IC50s=0.47 versus 3.02 μM for human LPCAT2 and LPCAT1, respectively). 60 μM it is shown to suppress PAF biosynthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with a calcium ionophore.
Rubianthraquinone is a anthraquinone, that can be isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis. Rubianthraquinone inhibits NO production and degranulation .
FABP4-IN-3 (compound C3) is a highly selective FABP4 inhibitor (FABP4 Ki = 25 ± 3 a nM, FABP3 Ki = 15.03 μM) which exhibits a 601-fold selectivity over FABP3. FABP4-IN-3 also shows metabolic stability and potent cellular anti-inflammatory activity, making it promising to get involved in the research of metabolic disease, cardiac dysfunction and inflammation-related disease .
AF-45 inhibits IRAK4 and IRAK1, with IC50s of 128 nM and 1765 nM. AF-45 inhibits the release of IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages, with IC50s of 0.53-1.54 μM and 0.6-2.75 μM. AF-45 is also an inhibitor for NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. AF-45 exhibits anti-inflammatory activities against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and Lipopolysaccharide (HY-D1056)-induced acute lung injury in mouse model. AF-45 exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics in rat models .
Dieugenol is a neolignan that has been found in N. leucantha and has antioxidative and antiprotozoal activities. It inhibits the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and scavenges superoxide anions, but not hydroxyl radicals, in cell-free assays. It has anti-trypanosomal activity against T. cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes (IC50s=15.1 and 11.5 μM, respectively) but is cytotoxic to NCTC L-929 fibroblasts with a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) value of 58.2 μM.2 Dieugenol (15 μM) disrupts the integrity of the T. cruzi trypomastigote plasma membrane but does not induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in trypomastigotes or LPS-stimulated and unstimulated isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
(R)-Bambuterol is a β2-receptor agonist with anti-asthmatic and colitis-improving activity. (R)-Bambuterol is indicated for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and has the advantage of a once-daily dosing and a favorable side effect profile. (R)-Bambuterol significantly reduced disease severity in a mouse model of colitis, more effectively than (RS)-Bambuterol or (S)-Bambuterol. (R)-Bambuterol can significantly reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines and reduce the infiltration of macrophages in mice with colitis. (R)-Bambuterol also increases β2-adrenoceptor levels and reduces the expression of IL-6, IL-17 and other related proteins in colon tissue in a dose-dependent manner .
LCC-12 (formate) is a copper (II) chelator and a derivative of the biguanide metformin (HY-B0627). LCC-12 (formate) reduces its hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of NADH to NAD+. LCC-12 (formate) reduces IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels, as well as JAK2, STAT2, and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) levels in primary human cytokine-activated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). LCC-12 (formate) reduces the number of CD80+ and CD86+ cytokine-activated MDMs. LCC-12 LCC-12 (formate) improves survival in a mouse model of sepsis induced by LPS or cecal ligation and puncture .
N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) hydrochloride is an active metabolite of the neurohormone melatonin (HY-B0075). N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride (200 µM) effectively scavenges singlet oxygen (ROS).1 It also inhibits the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) induced by epinephrine and arachidonic acid in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and suppresses the increase in COX-2 levels induced by LPS (HY-D1056) in RAW 264.7 macrophages at a concentration of 500 µM. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP (HY-15608), N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) reduces the increase in lipid peroxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria of the substantia nigra and striatum. N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride can be used in research on metabolic and neurological diseases
Abietic acid, an orally active diterpene isolated from Colophony, displays significant anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity effect, bacteriostatic, cell cycle arresting and pro-apoptotic activities. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy. Abietic acid enhances cell migration and tube formation in HUVECs. Abietic acid induces significant angiogenic potential, which is associated with upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 expression. Abietic acid attenuates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. Abietic acid exhibits a positive effect against liver injury by attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis. Abietic acid shows accelerated wound closure in a mouse model of cutaneous wounds. Abietic acid significantly reduces the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells by IKKβ inhibition.Additionally, Abietic acid ameliorates psoriasis-like inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in mice. Abietic acid is promising for research in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), liver injury-related deseases and psoriasis .
Biotin-Lipopolysaccharide, from E.coli O111:B4 (Biotin-LPS, from Escherichia coli (O111:B4)) is a biotin-conjugated Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (HY-D1056A1) that can be coupled with streptavidin protein. Biotin-Lipopolysaccharide, from E.coli O111:B4 can be used to identify Lipopolysaccharide ligands. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O111:B4)) are endotoxins and TLR4 activators extracted from Escherichia coli (E. coli O111:B4) and are classified as S (smooth) type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 possess the typical three-part structure: O-antigen, R3-type core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 activate TLR-4 in immune cells and can cause significant gastric diseases. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 can also induce M1-type polarization in mousemacrophages . It is recommended to prepare a stock solution of ≥2 mg/mL and ensure that it is fully mixed and dissolved. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage.
Stercobilin hydrochloride (amixture of isomers) is a bile pigment metabolized by gut bacteria, and it's also an HIV protease inhibitor, with a Ki of 4 μM. Stercobilin hydrochloride (a mixture of isomers) can induce pro-inflammatory activity in mousemacrophage RAW264 cells, including the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Stercobilin hydrochloride (a mixture of isomers) can be used in studies of inflammation and viral infections .
Biotin-Lipopolysaccharide, from E.coli O111:B4 (Biotin-LPS, from Escherichia coli (O111:B4)) is a biotin-conjugated Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (HY-D1056A1) that can be coupled with streptavidin protein. Biotin-Lipopolysaccharide, from E.coli O111:B4 can be used to identify Lipopolysaccharide ligands. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O111:B4)) are endotoxins and TLR4 activators extracted from Escherichia coli (E. coli O111:B4) and are classified as S (smooth) type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 possess the typical three-part structure: O-antigen, R3-type core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 activate TLR-4 in immune cells and can cause significant gastric diseases. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 can also induce M1-type polarization in mousemacrophages . It is recommended to prepare a stock solution of ≥2 mg/mL and ensure that it is fully mixed and dissolved. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage.
Pam2CSK4 (TFA), a lipopeptide, is a TLR6-independent TLR2 ligand and agonist. Pam2CSK4 (TFA) promotes platelet aggregation, and increases platelet adhesion to collagen-coated surfaces in a TLR2/NF-κB/BTK-dependent manner. Pam2CSK4 (TFA) also activates iNOS expression and NO production in mousemacrophages .
FIZZ-1 (32-51) (mouse) is a cysteine-rich secretory protein that is highly expressed by macrophages, bronchial epithelial and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) in allergic airway inflammation. FIZZ1 (32-51) (mouse) also shows an antiapoptotic effect on lung fibroblasts. FIZZ-1 (32-51) (mouse) can be used in the study of allergic pneumonia .
mUNO is a tumor-homing peptide (mUNO, sequence: "CSPGAK") that specifically binds to mouse CD206, targeting tumor-associated macrophages that express CD206/MRC1. mUNO can interact with human recombinant CD206 .
Pam2CSK4, a lipopeptide, is a TLR6-independent TLR2 ligand and agonist. Pam2CSK4 promotes platelet aggregation, and increases platelet adhesion to collagen-coated surfaces in a TLR2/NF-κB/BTK-dependent manner. Pam2CSK4 also activates iNOS expression and NO production in mousemacrophages .
MACTIDE-V is an orally active and selective peptide-drug conjugate targeting CD206. MACTIDE-V delivers Verteporfin (HY-B0146) to CD206 + tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) to inhibit the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, prompting YAP exclusion from the nucleus, inducing TAM polarization toward an anti-tumoral phenotype with enhanced phagocytosis and antigen presentation, and boosting T cell infiltration and NK cell activity. MACTIDE-V suppresses primary tumor growth and lung metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models .
Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) is an anti-mouseIFN gamma IgG antibody inhibitor derived from host Armenian Hamster. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) abrogates specific binding of I25II-rIFN-γ to macrophages. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) inhibits macrophage-activating factor (MAF) (ID50 = 56 ng). Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) inhibits IFN-gamma dependent antiviral activity (ID50 = 2 ng). Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) neutralizes IFNγ in mice. Anti-Mouse IFN gamma Antibody (H22) can be used for the researches of inflammation and infection, such as arthritis .
Cleomiscosin A is a coumarino-lignoid from branch of Macaranga adenantha. Cleomiscosin A is active against TNF-alpha secretion of the mouse peritoneal macrophages .
Tomatidine hydrochloride acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling . Tomatidine hydrochloride activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans .
Tirucallol, a tetracyclic triterpene, is isolated from Euphorbia lacteal latex. Tirucallol has topical anti-inflammatory effect. Tirucallol can suppress ear edema in the mouse model and inhibit nitrite production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages .
Epibetulinic acid exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in mousemacrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin with IC50s of 0.7 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity .
Dauricumine is a chlorinated alkaloid that inhibits NF-κB ligand-induced differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages into multinucleated osteoclasts .
Hyuganin D (Isobocconin) is a Coumarin (HY-N0709) constituent that substantially inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NO production in mouse peritoneal macrophages .
D-Trimannuronic acid, an alginate oligomer is extracted from seaweed. D-Trimannuronic acid can induce TNF‐α secretion by mousemacrophage cell lines. D-Trimannuronic acid can be used for the research of pain and vascular dementia .
Cucumarioside A2-2 is a triterpene glycoside with antitumor activity. Cucumarioside A2-2 can induce mousemacrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype. Cucumarioside A2-2 pretreated macrophages can effectively and selectively target and kill multiple types of cancer cells. Cucumarioside A2-2-induced M1 macrophages can effectively target and penetrate tumor tissues and improve the survival rate of mice in an allogeneic model. Exogenous activation of Cucumarioside A2-2 provides a useful model for the subsequent development of antitumor cell immunosuppression .
Sudachitin, a polymethoxyflavone that can be isolated from Citrus sudachi, suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in mousemacrophage-like RAW264 cells. Sudachitin can activate the p38MAPK pathway and inhibit the ERK1/2 pathway in HaCaT cells .
Bis-5,5-Nortrachelogenin is isolated from active extract of root of Wikstroemia indica. Bis-5,5-Nortrachelogenin inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and recombinant mouse interferon-γ(IFN-γ) activated murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7 with an IC50 value of 48.6 mM .
2'-Aminoacetophenone is an orally active inducer of apoptosis and respiratory biomarker. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can be used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can inhibit the protein levels of LC3BII and p62 in macrophages infected with pqsA or mvfR and regulate autophagy. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can disrupt mitochondrial function by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling, leading to dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle .
Lucidone, an anti-inflammatory agent that can be isolated from the fruit of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino. Lucidone inhibits LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 mousemacrophages. Lucidone also decreases TNF-α secretion, iNOS and COX-2 expression. Lucidone prevents NF-κB translocation and inhibits JNK and p38MAPK signals. Lucidone also has inhibitory activity against Dengue virus (DENV) (EC50=25 μM) .
Flavipin is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) agonist that induces the expression of Ahr downstream genes in mouse CD4 + T cells and CD11b +macrophages. Flavipin inhibits the stabilizing function of Arid5a on Il23a 3′UTR, a newly identified target mRNA . Flavipin exhibits the DPPH free radical scavenging ability with IC50 value of 7.2 μM, and has potent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 value of 33.8 μM .
Tuberostemonine is a stenine alkaloid that can be isolated from Stemona tuberosa and Stemona sessifolia. Tuberostemonine is an antimalarial agent that has inhibitory activity against Ferredoxin-NADP + reductases (FNRs) from Plasmodium falciparum (PfFNR). Tuberostemonine can reduce the number of citric acid-induced coughs in guinea pigs. Tuberostemonine decreases bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and reduces peribronchial and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse model of acute lung inflammation. Tuberostemonine has a level of activity as a feeding deterrent .
2'-Aminoacetophenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-Aminoacetophenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2'-Aminoacetophenone is an orally active inducer of apoptosis and respiratory biomarker. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can be used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can inhibit the protein levels of LC3BII and p62 in macrophages infected with pqsA or mvfR and regulate autophagy. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can disrupt mitochondrial function by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling, leading to dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle .
Rubianthraquinone is a anthraquinone, that can be isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis. Rubianthraquinone inhibits NO production and degranulation .
Abietic acid, an orally active diterpene isolated from Colophony, displays significant anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity effect, bacteriostatic, cell cycle arresting and pro-apoptotic activities. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy. Abietic acid enhances cell migration and tube formation in HUVECs. Abietic acid induces significant angiogenic potential, which is associated with upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 expression. Abietic acid attenuates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. Abietic acid exhibits a positive effect against liver injury by attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis. Abietic acid shows accelerated wound closure in a mouse model of cutaneous wounds. Abietic acid significantly reduces the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells by IKKβ inhibition.Additionally, Abietic acid ameliorates psoriasis-like inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in mice. Abietic acid is promising for research in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), liver injury-related deseases and psoriasis .
MARCO Protein, a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), binds Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, exhibiting a crucial role in unopsonized particle binding by alveolar macrophages.Furthermore, it interacts with the secretoglobin SCGB3A2.MARCO Protein forms disulfide-linked homotrimer structures that assemble into larger oligomers, providing an extensive surface area for interactions with substantial ligands.MARCO Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived MARCO protein, expressed by HEK293 , with N-8*His labeled tag.
The MSP/MST1 protein, encoded by this gene, is predicted to have receptor tyrosine kinase binding activity. It is involved in various processes, including embryo implantation, mammary duct growth, and regulation of mammary gland cell proliferation. The protein is mainly found in the vacuole and expressed in tissues like the esophagus, liver, pharynx, and stomach. Notably, the gene shows liver-biased expression in both adult and embryonic stages. MSP/MST1 Protein, Mouse (C677A, HEK293) is the recombinant mouse-derived MSP/MST1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with tag free. and C677A, , , , mutation.
The GM-CSF protein acts as a potent cytokine that coordinates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells of different lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and erythrocytes. Structurally, GM-CSF exists as a monomer and its signaling is mediated through a dodecamer complex. GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant mouse-derived GM-CSF protein, expressed by HEK293 , with N-hFc labeled tag.
CD204/MSR1 Protein, a membrane glycoprotein, crucially contributes to cholesterol accumulation in arterial walls during atherogenesis. With two receptor subunits, it facilitates endocytosis of various macromolecules, including modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL). As a homotrimer, CD204/MSR1 engages in key interactions, including its association with MYO18A, highlighting its functional role in cellular processes. CD204/MSR1 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived CD204/MSR1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with N-His labeled tag.
MGL2/CD301b is a type II lectin commonly used as a marker for alternatively activated macrophages. MGL2 can bind to terminal GalNAc residues, including the Tn antigen (GalNAc-αThr/Ser). MGL2 is mainly expressed on immature, tolerogenic or type-2 DCs and alternatively-activated macrophages. MGL2/CD301b Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived MGL2/CD301b protein, expressed by HEK293 , with N-6*His labeled tag.
M-CSF Protein, Mouse (HEK293) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which binds to its receptor CSF1R, and is involved in the development and proliferation of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and participates in the induction of osteoclasts.
MIP-1 alpha/CCL3 protein, a monokine, displays inflammatory, pyrogenic, and chemokinetic properties.It induces potent chemotaxis in eosinophils and activates calcium release in neutrophils via high-affinity receptor binding.Animal-Free MIP-1 alpha/CCL3 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeMIP-1 alpha/CCL3 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His labeled tag.This product is for cell culture use only.
The GM-CSF protein acts as a potent cytokine that coordinates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells of different lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and erythrocytes. Structurally, GM-CSF exists as a monomer and its signaling is mediated through a dodecamer complex. GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived GM-CSF protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag.
The GM-CSF protein acts as a potent cytokine that coordinates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells of different lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and erythrocytes. Structurally, GM-CSF exists as a monomer and its signaling is mediated through a dodecamer complex. GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (HEK293) is the recombinant mouse-derived GM-CSF protein, expressed by HEK293, with tag free.
SLAMF8 protein may contribute to B-lineage commitment and modulation of B-cell receptor signaling, playing a crucial role in B-cell development and immune responses. Exploring its molecular mechanisms and downstream effects could provide insights into its significance in B-cell biology. SLAMF8 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived SLAMF8 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag.
GM-CSF Protein, a renowned cytokine, promotes the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and erythrocytes. Operating as a monomer, it interacts with the GM-CSF receptor complex. This complex, comprising two head-to-head hexamers with two alpha, two beta, and two ligand subunits, forms a dodecamer structure. Animal-Free GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeGM-CSF protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. This product is for cell culture use only.
MMP-12 protein has significant elastolytic activity and may contribute to tissue damage and remodeling.Its substrate preferences include preference for leucine at the P1' site and aromatic/hydrophobic residues at the P1 site, and preference for small hydrophobic residues such as alanine at the P3 site.MMP-12 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived MMP-12 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag.
The CSF1R protein is a tyrosine protein kinase receptor for CSF1 and IL34 and plays a critical regulatory role in hematopoietic cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes. Its effects span innate immunity, inflammation, osteoclast function, skeletal development, and fertility. CSF1R Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant mouse-derived CSF1R protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag.
The CSF1R protein is a tyrosine protein kinase receptor for CSF1 and IL34 and plays a critical regulatory role in hematopoietic cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes. Its effects span innate immunity, inflammation, osteoclast function, skeletal development, and fertility. CSF1R Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived CSF1R protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag.
The CSF1R protein is a tyrosine protein kinase receptor for CSF1 and IL34 and plays a critical regulatory role in hematopoietic cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes. Its effects span innate immunity, inflammation, osteoclast function, skeletal development, and fertility. CSF1R Protein, Mouse (Biotinylated, HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived CSF1R protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag.
The M-CSF protein is a key orchestrator in regulating the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, particularly mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages and monocytes. It actively promotes the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines, thereby playing a key role in innate immunity and inflammatory processes. M-CSF Protein, Mouse (HEK293, C-His) is the recombinant mouse-derived M-CSF protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag.
The MIF protein is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the innate immune response against bacterial pathogens.Its presence at sites of inflammation suggests its role as a mediator in the regulation of macrophage function during host defense.MIF Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived MIF protein, expressed by P.pastoris , with N-6*His labeled tag.
The GDF-15 protein regulates food intake, energy balance, and body weight by binding to its receptor GFRAL.This activates GFRAL-expressing neurons in the brainstem, triggering "emergency circuits" in the central parabrachial nucleus and amygdala during stress.GDF-15 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His-Flag) is the recombinant mouse-derived GDF-15 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with N-8*His, N-Flag labeled tag.
The MIF protein is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the innate immune response against bacterial pathogens.Its presence at sites of inflammation suggests its role as a mediator in the regulation of macrophage function during host defense.MIF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived MIF protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-6*His labeled tag.
The MIF protein is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the innate immune response against bacterial pathogens.Its presence at sites of inflammation suggests its role as a mediator in the regulation of macrophage function during host defense.Animal-Free MIF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeMIF protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.This product is for cell culture use only.
CCL4 protein, with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties, acts as a monokine and self-associates to form homodimers.CCL4 Protein, Mouse is the recombinant mouse-derived CCL4 protein, expressed by E.coli , with tag free.
CCL4 protein, with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties, acts as a monokine and self-associates to form homodimers.Animal-Free CCL4 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeCCL4 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His labeled tag.This product is for cell culture use only.
Epibetulinic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled Epibetulinic acid (HY-N0223). Epibetulinic acid exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in mousemacrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin with IC50s of 0.7 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity .
Rat Anti-Mouse CD206 Antibody (APC) is a rat-derived and allophycocyanin (APC) IgG2a monoclonal antibody, targeting to CD206. It can be applicated for FC assays, in the background of mouse.
