Citraconic acid (Synonyms: Methylmaleic acid)

Name: Citraconic acid
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-113298
Rating: 5.0 (2 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-113298 Purity: 98.73%: Data Sheet
COA

SDS
Handling Instructions
FAQs
Technical Support

Citraconic acid (Methylmaleic acid) is an orally active inhibitor targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Citraconic acid reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Citraconic acid also modifies the conformation of Keap1 protein, relieves its inhibition of Nrf2, promotes antioxidant gene expression, and inhibits NLRP3 activation and the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. Citraconic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, can reduce oxidative stress and cell pyroptosis, improve tissue damage, and can be used for the research of inflammation-related diseases such as acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Citraconic acid is an isomer of Itaconic acid (HY-Y052).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Citraconic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 498-23-7

Size	Stock	Quantity

Free Sample (0.1 - 0.2 mg)	Apply Now
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
500 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 g	Get quote

or Bulk Inquiry

* Please select Quantity before adding items.

This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.

Customer Review

Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Citraconic acid:

Citraconic acid (Standard) Get quote

2 Publications Citing Use of MCE Citraconic acid

Featured Recommendations

•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

View All NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Specific Products:

View All Isoforms

NLRP3 NLRP1 NOD1 NOD2

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

NLRP3

In Vitro

Hydrogel preparation and enzyme immobilization experiments:
Citraconic acid (molar ratio of acrylamide to 1:3; polymerization reaction time 24 h) can be used to prepare chitosan-polyacrylamide-citraconic acid semi-IPN hydrogels and significantly improve the hydrogel swelling rate (240%-400%). The yield of lipase immobilization in the encapsulation method is high^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Citraconic acid (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; once a day; 3 days) significantly reduces the levels of serum creatinine (Cr), urea (Urea) and cystatin C (Cys-C) in the rat renal ischemia-reperfusion injury model, alleviates renal tubular epithelial cell damage, inflammatory cell infiltration and oxidative stress, and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β and IL-18 release^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Sprague-Dawley rat renal ischemia-reperfusion injury model (250-300 g，8-10 weeks old)^[1]
Dosage:	50 mg/kg
Administration:	Intraperitoneal injection, once daily for 3 consecutive days, starting 3 days before ischemia-reperfusion surgery
Result:	Significantly improved renal function compared to the ischemia-reperfusion (IRI) group. Decreased Serum Cr from 1.82 ± 0.23 mg/dL (IRI) to 1.25 ± 0.18 mg/dL, urea from 72.3 mg/dL to 51.6 mg/dL, and Cys-C from 1.57 ± 0.19.

Molecular Weight

130.10

Synonyms

Methylmaleic acid

Formula

C₅H₆O₄

CAS No.

498-23-7

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)/C(C)=C\C(O)=O

Structure Classification

Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Endogenous metabolite

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (768.64 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (768.64 mM)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	7.6864 mL	38.4320 mL	76.8639 mL
5 mM	1.5373 mL	7.6864 mL	15.3728 mL
10 mM	0.7686 mL	3.8432 mL	7.6864 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.22 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.22 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.22 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 98.73%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (293 KB) SDS (392 KB)

COA (247 KB) HNMR (243 KB) LCMS (259 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Tang B, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of rat renal ischemia-reperfusion injury after itaconic acid and its isomers treatment by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). 2024.

[2]. Strelko CL, et al. Itaconic acid is a mammalian metabolite induced during macrophage activation. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Oct 19;133(41):16386-9. [Content Brief]

[3]. Pulat M, et al. Lipase release through semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on chitosan, acrylamide, and citraconic acid. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2014 Apr;42(2):121-7. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	7.6864 mL	38.4320 mL	76.8639 mL	192.1599 mL
	5 mM	1.5373 mL	7.6864 mL	15.3728 mL	38.4320 mL
	10 mM	0.7686 mL	3.8432 mL	7.6864 mL	19.2160 mL
	15 mM	0.5124 mL	2.5621 mL	5.1243 mL	12.8107 mL
	20 mM	0.3843 mL	1.9216 mL	3.8432 mL	9.6080 mL
	25 mM	0.3075 mL	1.5373 mL	3.0746 mL	7.6864 mL
	30 mM	0.2562 mL	1.2811 mL	2.5621 mL	6.4053 mL
	40 mM	0.1922 mL	0.9608 mL	1.9216 mL	4.8040 mL
	50 mM	0.1537 mL	0.7686 mL	1.5373 mL	3.8432 mL
	60 mM	0.1281 mL	0.6405 mL	1.2811 mL	3.2027 mL
	80 mM	0.0961 mL	0.4804 mL	0.9608 mL	2.4020 mL
	100 mM	0.0769 mL	0.3843 mL	0.7686 mL	1.9216 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Citraconic acid Related Classifications

Inflammation/Immunology Cardiovascular Disease

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Citraconic acid498-23-7Methylmaleic acidNOD-like Receptor (NLR)Keap1-Nrf2Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

Your Recently Viewed Products:

Product Name

Requested Quantity *

Applicant Name *

Salutation

Email Address *

Phone Number *

Department

Organization Name *

City

State

Country or Region *

Remarks

Product Name

Lot #

Applicant Name *

Email Address *

Phone Number

Department *

Organization Name *

Country or Region *

Remarks

Name
Email *

	Sorry, but the email address you supplied was invalid.

Citraconic acid (Synonyms: Methylmaleic acid)

Customer Review

Other Forms of Citraconic acid:

Citraconic acid Related Antibodies

2 Publications Citing Use of MCE Citraconic acid

Featured Recommendations

•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

View All NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Specific Products:

Biological Activity

Purity & Documentation

References

Customer Review

Citraconic acid Related Antibodies

Molarity Calculator

Dilution Calculator

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Citraconic acid Related Classifications

Keywords:

Your Recently Viewed Products:

Customer Review

Request for HNMR Report

SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)

Request for HNMR Report