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HIF-1α Inhibitor

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase (83) ADC Cytotoxin (3) Akt (8) Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) (1) AMPK (1) Amyloid-β (2) Antibiotic (12) AP-1 (1) Apoptosis (25) ATP Synthase (1) Autophagy (9) Bacterial (8) Bcl-2 Family (1) Calcium Channel (4) Caspase (1) CDK (1) Cholecystokinin Receptor (2) Cholinesterase (ChE) (2) COX (1) DNA/RNA Synthesis (1) Drug Isomer (1) E1/E2/E3 Enzyme (1) E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates (2) Endogenous Metabolite (3) Ephrin Receptor (2) Epigenetic Reader Domain (1) ERK (1) FAK (1) Fluorescent Dye (2) Fungal (6) Histone Acetyltransferase (2) Histone Methyltransferase (2) HSP (4) HSV (1) IDE (1) Influenza Virus (3) Interleukin Related (5) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (4) Keap1-Nrf2 (2) Ligands for E3 Ligase (3) Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH) (1) MDM-2/p53 (8) MicroRNA (5) Microtubule/Tubulin (3) Mitochondrial Metabolism (2) Monoamine Oxidase (1) Monocarboxylate Transporter (2) mTOR (3) Natriuretic Peptide Receptor (NPR) (1) NF-κB (6) NO Synthase (4) NOD-like Receptor (NLR) (1) Notch (1) Oxidative Phosphorylation (2) p38 MAPK (1) Parasite (2) PD-1/PD-L1 (4) PI3K (3) Potassium Channel (4) PPAR (2) PROTACs (1) Protein Arginine Deiminase (1) Proteolytic Enzyme (1) Proton Pump (1) Pyroptosis (1) Pyruvate Kinase (1) Ras (2) Reactive Oxygen Species (8) SARS-CoV (2) STAT (7) Survivin (1) TNF Receptor (2) Topoisomerase (3) Trk Receptor (1) VEGFR (11) Xanthine Oxidase (3)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (99) Cardiovascular Disease (12) Infection (19) Inflammation/Immunology (21) Metabolic Disease (9) Neurological Disease (13)
Oligonucleotides:	Antisense Oligonucleotides (2)

112

Inhibitors & Agonists

Fluorescent Dye

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

Targets Recommended: HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-13671

LW6 35+ Cited Publications HIF-1α Inhibitor; LW8	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Apoptosis	Cancer
LW6 (HIF-1α inhibitor) is a novel HIF-1 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 4.4 μM, and it is also an inhibitor of MDH2. LW6 decreases *HIF-1α* protein expression without affecting HIF-1β expression.

HY-16031B

AFP464 dihydrochloride NSC710464 dihydrochloride	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
AFP464 (dihydrochloride) (NSC710464 (dihydrochloride)) is the hydrochloride form of AFP464 and is a potent *HIF-1α* inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.25 μM. It is also an activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR).

HY-N2425

Rhodiosin	Cholinesterase (ChE)	Metabolic Disease
Rhodiosin is a double inhibitor of CYP2D6 and AChE, and can be isolated from Rhodiolis rhodiolis root. The IC₅₀ for CYP2D6 is 0.761 μM, and the K_i is 0.769 μM. Rhodiosin has antioxidant and neuroprotective activity and can regulate HIF-1α signaling pathway to protect the central nervous system

HY-110266

GN44028 5 Publications Verification	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
GN44028 is a potent and orally active hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 14 nM. GN44028 inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1α transcriptional activity without suppressing HIF-1α mRNA expression, HIF-1α protein accumulation, or HIF-1α/HIF-1β heterodimerization. GN44028 can be used in the research of cancers .

HY-N0234

Bavachinin 3 Publications Verification 7-O-Methylbavachin; Bavachinin A	Amyloid-β PPAR HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Bavachinin is agonist of pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), with the IC₅₀ value of 21.043 μM, 12.819 μM, and 0.622 μM to PPAR-α, RRAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, respectively. Bavachinin is an inhibitor of *HIF-1α*. Bavachinin exhibits antitumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer by targeting RRAR-γ. Bavachinin is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. Bavachinin has orally bioactivity. .

HY-115903A

HIF-1α-IN-2 hydrochloride 2 Publications Verification	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
HIF-1α-IN-2 hydrochloride is an effective *HIF-1α* inhibitor with anticancer potencies (IC₅₀s of 28 nM and 15 nM in MDA-MB-231 and MiaPaCa-2 cells, respectively). HIF-1α-IN-2 hydrochloride suppresses HIF-1α expression by blocking transcription and protein translation .

HY-149635

HIF-1α-IN-6	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
HIF-1α-IN-6 (compound 3s) is a *HIF-1α* inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 0.6 and 53.3 nM observed in MiaPaCa-2 and MDA-MB-231 cells. HIF-1α-IN-6 can inhibit HIF-1α expression by decreasing the level of HIF-1α mRNA .

HY-163370

HIF-1α-IN-7	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Neurological Disease
HIF-1α-IN-7 (Compound D13) is a potent *HIF-1α* inhibitor. HIF-1α-IN-7 has neuroprotective activity. HIF-1α-IN-7 can be used in Alzheimer's disease research .

HY-N2425R

Rhodiosin (Standard)	Cholinesterase (ChE)	Metabolic Disease
Rhodiosin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rhodiosin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rhodiosin is a double inhibitor of CYP2D6 and AChE, and can be isolated from Rhodiolis rhodiolis root. The IC₅₀ for CYP2D6 is 0.761 μM, and the Ki is 0.769 μM. Rhodiosin has antioxidant and neuroprotective activity and can regulate HIF-1α signaling pathway to protect the central nervous system

HY-D2360

O-Carboranylphenoxyacetanilide	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HSP	Cancer
O-Carboranylphenoxyacetanilide is a *HIF-1α* inhibitor and inhibits HIF-1α activation. O-Carboranylphenoxyacetanilide inhibits transcriptional activity of HIF in HeLa cells (IC₅₀: 0.74 μM). O-Carboranylphenoxyacetanilide inhibits HSP60 chaperone activity and HSP60 ATPase activity .

HY-N0234R

Bavachinin (Standard)	Amyloid-β PPAR HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Inflammation/Immunology
Bavachinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bavachinin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bavachinin is agonist of pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), with the IC₅₀ value of 21.043 μM, 12.819 μM, and 0.622 μM to PPAR-α, RRAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, respectively. Bavachinin is an inhibitor of HIF-1α. Bavachinin exhibits antitumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer by targeting RRAR-γ. Bavachinin is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. Bavachinin has orally bioactivity. .

HY-115903

HIF-1α-IN-2 2 Publications Verification	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
HIF-1α-IN-2 is an effective *HIF-1α* inhibitor with anticancer potencies (IC₅₀s of 28 nM and 15 nM in MDA-MB-231 and MiaPaCa-2 cells, respectively). HIF-1α-IN-2 suppresses HIF-1α expression by blocking transcription and protein translation .

HY-146144

HIF-IN-1	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
HIF-IN-1 (Compound 3c) is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 inhibitor. HIF-IN-1 suppresses HIF-1α protein accumulation without affecting the levels of HIF-1α mRNA. HIF-IN-1 shows no obvious cytotoxicity .

HY-N0242

Fraxinellone 3 Publications Verification	PD-1/PD-L1 HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase STAT	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Fraxinellone is isolated from the root bark of the Rutaceae plant, Dictamnus dasycarpus. Fraxinellone is a PD-L1 inhibitor and inhibits *HIF-1α* protein synthesis without affecting HIF-1α protein degradation. Fraxinellone has the potential to be a valuable candidate for cancer treatment by targeting PD-L1 .

HY-156106

VHL-IN-1	Ligands for E3 Ligase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
VHL-IN-1 (compound 30) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) inhibitor (dissociation constant Kd=37 nM) that stabilizes and induces HIF-1α transcriptional activity. VHL-IN-1 has potential as a HIF-1α stabilizer and degrader of proteolytically targeted chimeras (PROTACs) .

HY-139804

CTK7A	Epigenetic Reader Domain Histone Acetyltransferase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
CTK7A is a curcumin derivative with anticancer activity by inhibiting the HAT activity of p300 and reducing the autoacetylation of p300, thereby affecting its interaction with *HIF-1α. The inhibition of CTK7A leads to decreased HIF-1α* accumulation and activity, which can be used for cancer treatment research .

HY-115746

Dimethyl-bisphenol A DMBPA	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
Dimethyl-bisphenol A (DMBPA) is a potent *HIF-1α* inhibitor. Dimethyl-bisphenol A can decrease Vegfa mRNA expression .

HY-P10223

Cyclo(CRVIIF)	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
Cyclo CRVIIF is a dual inhibitor for hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 and 2, which disrupts the interaction of both HIF1-α and HIF2-α with HIF1-β, with affinity for HIF1-α and HIF2-α PAS-B domains K_D of 65 and 123 μM, respectively .

HY-146540

GEM-5	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Apoptosis MDM-2/p53	Cancer
GEM-5 is a gemcitabine-based conjugate containing a *HIF-1α* inhibitor (YC-1) (IC₅₀=30 nM). GEM-5 can significantly down-regulate the expression of *HIF-1α* and up-regulate the expression of tumor suppressor p53. GEM-5 induces the apoptosis of A2780 cells and inhibits tumor growth .

HY-147813

HIF-1α-IN-3	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
HIF-1α-IN-3 (Compound (S)-3f) is a hypoxia-selective *HIF-1α* inhibitor. HIF-1α-IN-3 shows strong antiestrogenic potency .

HY-P10222

Cyclo(CRLLIF)	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
Cyclo CRLLIF is a dual inhibitor for hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 and 2, which disrupts the interaction of both HIF1-α and HIF2-α with HIF1-β, with affinity for HIF1-α and HIF2-α PAS-B domains K_D of 14.5 and 10.2 μM, respectively .

HY-P10221A

Cyclo(CKLIIF) TFA	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
Cyclo CKLIIF is a dual inhibitor for hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 and 2, which disrupts the interaction of both HIF1-α and HIF2-α with HIF1-β, with affinity for HIF1-α and HIF2-α PAS-B domains K_D of 2.6 and 2.2 μM, respectively .

HY-158826

EZN-2968 RO 707179	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
EZN-2968 is an antisense oligonucleotide that specifically binds and inhibits the expression of HIF-1α mRNA. EZN-2968, inhibits tumor cell growth.

HY-158826A

EZN-2968 sodium	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
EZN-2968 sodium is an antisense oligonucleotide that specifically binds and inhibits the expression of HIF-1α mRNA. EZN-2968 sodium, inhibits tumor cell growth.

HY-N0242R

Fraxinellone (Standard)	PD-1/PD-L1 HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase STAT	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Fraxinellone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fraxinellone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fraxinellone is isolated from the root bark of the Rutaceae plant, Dictamnus dasycarpus. Fraxinellone is a PD-L1 inhibitor and inhibits HIF-1α protein synthesis without affecting HIF-1α protein degradation. Fraxinellone has the potential to be a valuable candidate for cancer treatment by targeting PD-L1 .

HY-15672

FM19G11	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Neurological Disease Cancer
FM19G11 is a hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α) inhibitor, and it inhibits hypoxia-induced luciferase activity with an IC₅₀ of 80 nM in HeLa cells. FM19G11 modulates other signaling pathways, including mTOR and PI3K/Akt/eNOS, when the HIF-1α pathway is inactivated under normoxic conditions .

HY-170027

LW1564	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase AMPK	Cancer
LW1564 is an inhibitor for *HIF-1α* with an IC₅₀ of 1.2 µM in HepG2. LW1564 inhibits mitochondrial respiration, reduces ATP production, stimulates HIF-1α degradation, and inhibits proliferation of various cancer cells with GI₅₀ of 0.4-4.6 μM. LW1564 activates AMPK signaling pathway and inhibits lipid synthesis. LW1564 exhibits antitumor in HepG2 xenograft mouse model .

HY-164259

AJM 290	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
AJM 290 is a Trx-1 inhibitor. AJM 290 is an inhibitor of the HIF-1α COOH-terminal transactivation domain, and blocks HIF-1 binding to DNA .

HY-N10330

7-Hydroxyneolamellarin A	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase VEGFR	Cancer
7-Hydroxyneolamellarin A is a natural product that could be derived from sponge Dendrilla nigra. 7-Hydroxyneolamellarin A is a potent hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor. 7-Hydroxyneolamellarin A attenuates the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein and inhibits vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF) transcriptional activity. 7-Hydroxyneolamellarin A can be used in research of cancer .

HY-17412S

Minocycline-d6 hydrochloride	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Antibiotic	Others
Minocycline-d₆ hydrochloride is deuterated labeled Minocycline hydrochloride (HY-17412). Minocycline hydrochloride is an orally effective semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic and *HIF-1α* inhibitor .

HY-10231

PX-478 Maximum Cited Publications 58 Publications Verification	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Autophagy	Cancer
PX-478 is an orally active *HIF-1α* inhibitor with potent antitumor activities. PX-478 can cross the blood-brain barrier .

HY-151465

HIF-1α-IN-4	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
HIF-1α-IN-4 is a *HIF-1α* inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 24 nM (in HEK293T cell). HIF-1α-IN-4 downregulates VEGF and PDK1 mRNA expressions under hypoxia. HIF-1α-IN-4 can be used in the research of cancer .

HY-151466

HIF-1α-IN-5	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Monoamine Oxidase	Cancer
HIF-1α-IN-5 is a *HIF-1α* inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 24 nM (in HEK293T cell). HIF-1α-IN-5 also inhibits MAO-A activity. HIF-1α-IN-5 downregulates VEGF and PDK1 mRNA expressions under hypoxia. HIF-1α-IN-5 can be used in the research of cancer .

HY-16031

AFP464 free base NSC710464 free base	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
AFP464 free base (NSC710464 free base), is an active *HIF-1α* inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.25 μM, also is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activator.

HY-153017

HIF-1 inhibitor-4	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
HIF-1 inhibitor-4 is a HIF-1 inhibitor (IC₅₀: 560 nM). HIF-1 inhibitor-4 reduces the HIF-1α protein level without affecting its mRNA level .

HY-119264

PRLX-93936	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Ras	Cancer
PRLX-93936 dihydrochloride (Compound 16) is a *HIF-1α* inhibitor with anticancer activity. PRLX-93936 can inhibit the activated Ras pathway and can be used in the study of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma .

HY-119264A

PRLX-93936 dihydrochloride	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Ras	Cancer
PRLX-93936 dihydrochloride (Compound 16) is a *HIF-1α* inhibitor with anticancer activity. PRLX-93936 can inhibit the activated Ras pathway and can be used in the study of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma .

HY-122094

Steppogenin	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
Steppogenin is a potent inhibitor of *HIF-1α* and DLL4, with IC₅₀ values of 0.56 and 8.46 μM, respectively. Steppogenin can be sued for the research of angiogenic diseases, such as those involving solid tumors .

HY-N15497

Terpestacin	Reactive Oxygen Species HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
Terpestacin is found in Phoma exigua var. heteromorpha. Terpestacin binds to UQCRB to inhibit the production of mitochondrial ROS and *HIF-1α. Terpestacin inhibits* tumor angiogenesis in the FM3A breast cancer cell xenograft mouse model. Terpestacin has antitumor activity and phytotoxicity .

HY-15468

IOX2 10+ Cited Publications	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
IOX2 is a specific prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 22 nM. IOX2 regulates platelet function and arterial thrombosis by upregulating HIF-1α expression and inhibiting ROS production. IOX2 can be used in the study of thrombotic diseases .

HY-158341

IOX5	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Apoptosis	Cancer
IOX5 is a selective prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.19 μM for PHD2. IOX5 stabilizes HIF-1α in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. IOX5 has anti-leukemia activity .

HY-15468A

IOX2 sodium	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
IOX2 sodium is a specific prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 22 nM. IOX2 sodium regulates platelet function and arterial thrombosis by upregulating HIF-1α expression and inhibiting ROS production. IOX2 sodium can be used in the study of thrombotic diseases .

HY-N0596

Panaxadiol 20(R)-Panaxadiol	PD-1/PD-L1 HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase STAT	Cancer
Panaxadiol (20(R)-Panaxadiol) is an orally active *HIF-1α/STAT3* inhibitor. Panaxadiol can suppress HIF-1α and STAT3 then lead to downregulation of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Panaxadiol shows anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-arrhythmic, and antioxidative activities .

HY-18259

103D5R	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
103D5R (Compound 15) is an inhibitor for the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) with an IC₅₀ of 35 µM, through reduction of the HIF-1α protein synthesis. 103D5R inhibits the proliferation of LN229 with IC₅₀ of 26 µM .

HY-173488

NF-κB/HIF-1α-IN-1	NF-κB HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Keap1-Nrf2	Cancer
NF-κB/HIF-1α-IN-1 (compound 9c) is a potent blocker of the NF-κB activation pathway and demonstrates selective anti-fibrotic activity. NF-κB/HIF-1α-IN-1 shows no significant cytotoxicity in NCI tumor cell lines. In rat models. NF-κB/HIF-1α-IN-1 has been shown to effectively ameliorate liver fibrosis by inhibiting the expression levels of NF-κB and *HIF-1α, while simultaneously inducing the activation of Nrf2* .

HY-17412S1

Minocycline-d6 sulfate	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Minocycline-d₆ sulfate is deuterated labeled Minocycline (HY-17412A). Minocycline is an orally effective semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic and HIF-1α inhibitor that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Minocycline has bacteriostatic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective properties and antidepressant effects.

HY-19731

SID 3712249 MiR-544 Inhibitor 1	MicroRNA Apoptosis	Cancer
SID 3712249 (MiR-544 Inhibitor 1) is a miR-544 biogenesis inhibitor. SID 3712249 binds directly to the precursor miRNA. SID 3712249 blocks production of the mature microRNA and decreases miR-544, HIF-1α, and ATM transcripts. SID 3712249 can be used in the research of cancers, such as breast cancer .

HY-107553

Chetomin	HSP Apoptosis	Cancer
Chetomin, an active component of Chaetomium globosum, is a heat shock protein 90/hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (Hsp90/HIF1α) pathway inhibitor. Chetomin is a potent, nontoxic non-small cell lung cancer cancer stem cells (NSCLC CSC)-targeting molecule .

HY-N0596R

Panaxadiol (Standard)	PD-1/PD-L1 HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase STAT	Cancer
Panaxadiol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Panaxadiol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Panaxadiol (20(R)-Panaxadiol) is an orally active HIF-1α/STAT3 inhibitor. Panaxadiol can suppress HIF-1α and STAT3 then lead to downregulation of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Panaxadiol shows anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-arrhythmic, and antioxidative activities .

HY-15205

Ganetespib 30+ Cited Publications STA-9090	HSP Apoptosis	Cancer
Ganetespib (STA-9090) is a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor which exhibits potent cytotoxicity in a wide variety of hematological and solid tumor cell lines. Ganetespib has antiangiogenic effects in colorectal cancer mediated through inhibition of HIF-1α and STAT3 .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-100575

Acriflavine

5+ Cited Publications

Acriflavinium chloride 3,6-Acridinediamine mix

Fluorescent Dyes/Probes

Acriflavine (Acriflavinium chloride) is a fluorescent acridine dye that can be used to label nucleic acid. Acriflavine is an antiseptic agent. Acriflavine is a potent HIF-1 inhibitor that prevents the dimerization of HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits. Acriflavine inhibits the interaction between monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and Basigin. Acriflavine is used in cancer research, such as breast cancer, brain tumor and chronic myeloid leukemia. Acriflavine is a potent papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitor, which inhibits SARS-CoV-2 .

HY-D2360

O-Carboranylphenoxyacetanilide	Fluorescent Dyes/Probes
O-Carboranylphenoxyacetanilide is a *HIF-1α* inhibitor and inhibits HIF-1α activation. O-Carboranylphenoxyacetanilide inhibits transcriptional activity of HIF in HeLa cells (IC₅₀: 0.74 μM). O-Carboranylphenoxyacetanilide inhibits HSP60 chaperone activity and HSP60 ATPase activity .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P10221A

Cyclo(CKLIIF) TFA	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
Cyclo CKLIIF is a dual inhibitor for hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 and 2, which disrupts the interaction of both HIF1-α and HIF2-α with HIF1-β, with affinity for HIF1-α and HIF2-α PAS-B domains K_D of 2.6 and 2.2 μM, respectively .

HY-P10426

cyclo(CLLFVY)	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase VEGFR	Cancer
cyclo(CLLFVY) is an inhibitor for hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), with IC₅₀ of 19 μM (in U2OS) and 16 μM (in MCF-7). cyclo(CLLFVY) binds to the PAS-B domain of HIF-1α, inhibits HIF-1 dimerization and transcriptional activity. cyclo(CLLFVY) downregulates the expression of hypoxia response genes, such as VEGF and CAIX, exhibits antitumor against the HIF-1 associated cancers .

HY-P2657

Verucopeptin	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Proton Pump Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Verucopeptin is a potent HIF-1 (IC50=0.22 μM) inhibitor and decreases the expression of HIF-1 target genes and HIF-1α protein levels. Verucopeptin strongly inhibits v-ATPase activity by directly targeting the v-ATPase ATP6V1G subunit but not ATP1V1B2 or ATP6V1D. Verucopeptin exhibits antitumor activity against multidrug resistance (MDR) cancers and can be used for cancer research.

HY-P10869

dCNP	Natriuretic Peptide Receptor (NPR)	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
dCNP binds to NPR-B/C receptor, activates cGMP signaling pathway, and regulates vascular function. dCNP exhibits anti-hypoxia property through downregulation of hypoxia-related genes expressions like HIF1α and HIF2α. dCNP inhibits the induction of tumor stroma and exhibits anti-fibrosis activity. dCNP upregulates CTLs, NK cells, and conventional type 1 dendritic cells in tumors, and activates immune responses .

HY-P1420

TAT-cyclo-CLLFVY 2 Publications Verification	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
TAT-cyclo-CLLFVY is a cyclic peptide inhibitor of HIF-1 heterodimerization that inhibits hypoxia signaling in cancer cells. TAT-cyclo-CLLFVY disrupts *HIF-1α/HIF-1β* protein-protein interaction with an IC₅₀ of 1.3 μM .

HY-P5908

DEALA-Hyp-YIPD	Peptides	Cardiovascular Disease
DEALA-Hyp-YIPD is an HIF-1α peptide that inhibits *VHL/HIF-1α* interaction with an IC₅₀ of 0.91 μM and a K_d** of 180 nM .

HY-P10223

Cyclo(CRVIIF)	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
Cyclo CRVIIF is a dual inhibitor for hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 and 2, which disrupts the interaction of both HIF1-α and HIF2-α with HIF1-β, with affinity for HIF1-α and HIF2-α PAS-B domains K_D of 65 and 123 μM, respectively .

HY-P10222

Cyclo(CRLLIF)	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
Cyclo CRLLIF is a dual inhibitor for hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 and 2, which disrupts the interaction of both HIF1-α and HIF2-α with HIF1-β, with affinity for HIF1-α and HIF2-α PAS-B domains K_D of 14.5 and 10.2 μM, respectively .

HY-P1420A

TAT-cyclo-CLLFVY TFA	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Cancer
TAT-cyclo-CLLFVY TFA is a cyclic peptide inhibitor of HIF-1 heterodimerization that inhibits hypoxia signaling in cancer cells. TAT-cyclo-CLLFVY TFA disrupts *HIF-1α/HIF-1β* protein-protein interaction with an IC₅₀ of 1.3 μM .

HY-P10797

TAT-N24	NF-κB HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase VEGFR TNF Receptor Interleukin Related	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
TAT-N24 is a cell-permeable TAT peptide as a p55PIK signaling inhibitor. TAT-N24 is effective for corneal neovascularization (CNV) and ocular inflammation by inhibiting the *HIF-1α/NF-κB* signaling pathway in corneal suture (CS). TAT-N24 also inhibits corneal neovascularization .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N2425

Rhodiosin	Flavonols Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Crassulaceae Source classification Metabolic Disease Plants Rhodiola crenulata (HK. f. et.Thoms) H. Ohba Flavonoids Rhodiola rosea Linn. Phenols Polyphenols Disease Research Fields	Cholinesterase (ChE)
Rhodiosin is a double inhibitor of CYP2D6 and AChE, and can be isolated from Rhodiolis rhodiolis root. The IC₅₀ for CYP2D6 is 0.761 μM, and the K_i is 0.769 μM. Rhodiosin has antioxidant and neuroprotective activity and can regulate HIF-1α signaling pathway to protect the central nervous system

HY-N0234

Bavachinin 3 Publications Verification 7-O-Methylbavachin; Bavachinin A	Structural Classification Monophenols Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Flavonones Source classification Phenols Psoralea corylifolia L. Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Amyloid-β PPAR HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase
Bavachinin is agonist of pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), with the IC₅₀ value of 21.043 μM, 12.819 μM, and 0.622 μM to PPAR-α, RRAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, respectively. Bavachinin is an inhibitor of *HIF-1α*. Bavachinin exhibits antitumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer by targeting RRAR-γ. Bavachinin is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. Bavachinin has orally bioactivity. .

HY-N0242

Fraxinellone 3 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. Sesquiterpenes Source classification Rutaceae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	PD-1/PD-L1 HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase STAT
Fraxinellone is isolated from the root bark of the Rutaceae plant, Dictamnus dasycarpus. Fraxinellone is a PD-L1 inhibitor and inhibits *HIF-1α* protein synthesis without affecting HIF-1α protein degradation. Fraxinellone has the potential to be a valuable candidate for cancer treatment by targeting PD-L1 .

HY-122094

Steppogenin	Structural Classification Flavonoids Flavones Source classification Maclura tricuspidata Carriere Plants Moraceae	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase
Steppogenin is a potent inhibitor of *HIF-1α* and DLL4, with IC₅₀ values of 0.56 and 8.46 μM, respectively. Steppogenin can be sued for the research of angiogenic diseases, such as those involving solid tumors .

HY-N0596

Panaxadiol 20(R)-Panaxadiol	Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Source classification Plants Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Cancer	PD-1/PD-L1 HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase STAT
Panaxadiol (20(R)-Panaxadiol) is an orally active *HIF-1α/STAT3* inhibitor. Panaxadiol can suppress HIF-1α and STAT3 then lead to downregulation of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Panaxadiol shows anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-arrhythmic, and antioxidative activities .

HY-N2425R

Rhodiosin (Standard)	Flavonols Structural Classification Flavonoids Rhodiola rosea Linn. Crassulaceae Source classification Phenols Polyphenols Plants Rhodiola crenulata (HK. f. et.Thoms) H. Ohba	Cholinesterase (ChE)
Rhodiosin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rhodiosin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rhodiosin is a double inhibitor of CYP2D6 and AChE, and can be isolated from Rhodiolis rhodiolis root. The IC₅₀ for CYP2D6 is 0.761 μM, and the Ki is 0.769 μM. Rhodiosin has antioxidant and neuroprotective activity and can regulate HIF-1α signaling pathway to protect the central nervous system

HY-N0234R

Bavachinin (Standard)	Structural Classification Monophenols Flavonoids Leguminosae Flavonones Source classification Phenols Psoralea corylifolia L. Plants	Amyloid-β PPAR HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase
Bavachinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bavachinin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bavachinin is agonist of pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), with the IC₅₀ value of 21.043 μM, 12.819 μM, and 0.622 μM to PPAR-α, RRAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, respectively. Bavachinin is an inhibitor of HIF-1α. Bavachinin exhibits antitumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer by targeting RRAR-γ. Bavachinin is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. Bavachinin has orally bioactivity. .

HY-N0242R

Fraxinellone (Standard)	Structural Classification Terpenoids Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. Sesquiterpenes Source classification Rutaceae Plants	PD-1/PD-L1 HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase STAT
Fraxinellone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fraxinellone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fraxinellone is isolated from the root bark of the Rutaceae plant, Dictamnus dasycarpus. Fraxinellone is a PD-L1 inhibitor and inhibits HIF-1α protein synthesis without affecting HIF-1α protein degradation. Fraxinellone has the potential to be a valuable candidate for cancer treatment by targeting PD-L1 .

HY-N10330

7-Hydroxyneolamellarin A	Structural Classification Animals Source classification Phenols	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase VEGFR
7-Hydroxyneolamellarin A is a natural product that could be derived from sponge Dendrilla nigra. 7-Hydroxyneolamellarin A is a potent hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor. 7-Hydroxyneolamellarin A attenuates the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein and inhibits vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF) transcriptional activity. 7-Hydroxyneolamellarin A can be used in research of cancer .

HY-N15497

Terpestacin	Structural Classification Animals Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Source classification	Reactive Oxygen Species HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase
Terpestacin is found in Phoma exigua var. heteromorpha. Terpestacin binds to UQCRB to inhibit the production of mitochondrial ROS and *HIF-1α. Terpestacin inhibits* tumor angiogenesis in the FM3A breast cancer cell xenograft mouse model. Terpestacin has antitumor activity and phytotoxicity .

HY-N0596R

Panaxadiol (Standard)	Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Triterpenes Structural Classification Terpenoids Source classification Plants Araliaceae	PD-1/PD-L1 HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase STAT
Panaxadiol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Panaxadiol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Panaxadiol (20(R)-Panaxadiol) is an orally active HIF-1α/STAT3 inhibitor. Panaxadiol can suppress HIF-1α and STAT3 then lead to downregulation of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Panaxadiol shows anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-arrhythmic, and antioxidative activities .

HY-16560

Camptothecin 45+ Cited Publications Campathecin; (S)-(+)-Camptothecin; CPT	Infection Structural Classification Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Quinoline Alkaloids Camptotheca acuminata Decne. Nyssaceae Plants Disease Research Fields	Topoisomerase ADC Cytotoxin MicroRNA Influenza Virus Apoptosis Fungal Antibiotic
Camptothecin (CPT), a kind of alkaloid, is a DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 679 nM . Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits powerful antineoplastic activity against colorectal, breast, lung and ovarian cancers, modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity by changing microRNAs (miRNA) expression patterns in human cancer cells .

HY-N2199

Sotetsuflavone	Structural Classification Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Source classification Phenols Polyphenols Selaginellaceae Plants Biflavones Selaginella tamariscina (P. Beauv.) Spring Disease Research Fields Cancer	Apoptosis Autophagy
Sotetsuflavone is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Cycas revolute. Sotetsuflavone inhibits migration and invasion of A549 cells by reversing EMT, and induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Sotetsuflavone inhibits HIF-1α, VEGF, angiostatin, MMP-9, and MMP-13 expression in A549 cells. Sotetsuflavone also protects mice against Crohn's disease (CD)-like colitis. Sotetsuflavone can be used for research of NSCLC .

HY-16560R

Camptothecin (Standard) Campathecin (Standard); (S)-(+)-Camptothecin (Standard); CPT (Standard)	Structural Classification Alkaloids Quinoline Alkaloids Camptotheca acuminata Decne. Nyssaceae Plants	Topoisomerase ADC Cytotoxin MicroRNA Influenza Virus Apoptosis Fungal Antibiotic
Camptothecin (Standard) (Campathecin (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Camptothecin (HY-16560). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Camptothecin (CPT), a kind of alkaloid, is a DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 679 nM. Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits powerful antineoplastic activity against colorectal, breast, lung and ovarian cancers, modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity by changing microRNAs (miRNA) expression patterns in human cancer cells.

HY-N0787

Cryptochlorogenic acid 1 Publications Verification 4-Caffeoylquinic acid; 4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Source classification Plants Moraceae Endogenous metabolite Simple Phenylpropanols Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Phenylpropanoids Disease Research Fields Morus alba Linn.	Endogenous Metabolite NF-κB Keap1-Nrf2 mTOR HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase
Cryptochlorogenic acid (4-Caffeoylquinic acid) is a naturally occurring phenolic acid compound with oral effectiveness, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cardiac hypertrophy effects. Alleviating LPS (HY-D1056) and ISO (HY-B0468) by regulating proinflammatory factor expression, inhibiting NF-κB activity, promoting Nrf2 nuclear transfer, and regulating PI3Kα/Akt/ mTOR / *HIF-1α* signaling pathway Induced physiological stress response .

HY-N5112B

β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin 1 Publications Verification Isoarnebin I	Quinones Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Source classification Phenols Polyphenols Plants Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. Naphthalene Quinones Boraginaceae Disease Research Fields Cancer	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Apoptosis Notch NO Synthase Bcl-2 Family
β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative that can be isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and *HIF-1α* expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibits Notch-1 activation. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibtis tumor cell proliferation, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibits tumor growth .

HY-N3005

Britannin 1 Publications Verification	Phyllodium pulchellum (L.) Desv. Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Source classification Plants Compositae Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Apoptosis Autophagy NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Pyroptosis
Britannin is an NLRP3 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.630 μM, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. Britannin inhibits the activation and assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome by blocking the interaction between NLRP3 and NEK7. Additionally, Britannin demonstrates antitumor activity by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells through blocking the interaction between HIF-1α and Myc, thereby suppressing PD-L1 expression and enhancing cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Britannin can also induce apoptosis and autophagy in liver cancer cells by activating ROS-regulated AMPK. Britannin holds promise for research in the fields of anti-inflammatory and antitumor therapeutics .

HY-W016409

Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate 1 Publications Verification Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester	Structural Classification Arachis hypogaea L. Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Source classification Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Reactive Oxygen Species NO Synthase Autophagy Apoptosis
Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes *HIF-1α* by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascular permeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema .

HY-N6782

Oligomycin Maximum Cited Publications 56 Publications Verification	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Antifungal Macrolide Antibiotics Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Source classification Disease Research Anticancer Disease Research Fields	Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthase Fungal Antibiotic
Oligomycin, an antifungal antibiotic, is an inhibitor of H ⁺-ATP-synthase. Oligomycin blocks oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Oligomycin inhibits HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic tumor cells .

HY-124586

Streptonigrin 1 Publications Verification Bruneomycin	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Source classification Pyridine Alkaloids Infection Quinones Alkaloids Monophenols Microorganisms Phenols Benzene Quinones Disease Research Fields Cancer	Antibiotic Protein Arginine Deiminase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase MDM-2/p53 Apoptosis
Streptonigrin (Bruneomycin) is an orally active antibiotic and pan-PAD inhibitor, inhibiting PAD1, PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 with IC₅₀ of 48.3 μM, 26.1 μM, 0.43 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively. Streptonigrin inhibits SENP1 (IC₅₀ of 0.518 μM) and reduces *HIF1α. Streptonigrin increases p53* and Apoptosis. Streptonigrin shows antiviral activity against Rauscher murine leukemia virus. Streptonigrin has immunosuppressive effects. Streptonigrin has antitumor activity against osteosarcoma .

HY-W016409R

Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Standard) Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (Standard)	Structural Classification Arachis hypogaea L. Leguminosae Source classification Phenols Polyphenols Plants	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Reactive Oxygen Species NO Synthase Autophagy Apoptosis
Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Standard) (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (HY-W016409). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes *HIF-1α* by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascular permeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema .

HY-130413

Protectin D1 Neuroprotectin D1; NPD1	Structural Classification Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite PI3K Akt HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Reactive Oxygen Species Caspase Interleukin Related MicroRNA
Protectin D1, a neuroprotectin D1 produced by neuronal cells, is a member of a newly discovered family of bioactive products derived from docosahexaenoic acid. Protectin D1 also serves as a specialized pro-resolving mediator, exhibiting effective in vivo pro-resolving activity in various human disease models. Additionally, Protectin D1 is an inhibitor of NALP3 inflammasomes and regulates the PI3K/AKT and *HIF-1α* signaling pathways. Protectin D1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing ROS levels, inhibiting the expression of NALP3, ASC, and Caspase-1, and consequently decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Furthermore, Protectin D1 enhances miRNA-210 expression, activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and exerts cardioprotective effects. Protectin D1 holds promise for research in cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory disorders .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-17412S1

Minocycline-d6 sulfate
Minocycline-d₆ sulfate is deuterated labeled Minocycline (HY-17412A). Minocycline is an orally effective semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic and HIF-1α inhibitor that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Minocycline has bacteriostatic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective properties and antidepressant effects.

HY-16560S

Camptothecin-d5

Camptothecin-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Camptothecin. Camptothecin (CPT), a kind of alkaloid, is a DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 679 nM . Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits powerful antineoplastic activity against colorectal, breast, lung and ovarian cancers, modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity by changing microRNAs (miRNA) expression patterns in human cancer cells .

HY-W654013

Minocycline-d7

Minocycline-d₇ is deuterium labeled Minocycline. Minocycline is an orally active, potent and BBB-penetrated semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic. Minocycline is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibitor. Minocycline shows anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and glutamate antagonist effects. Minocycline reduces glutamate neurotransmission and shows neuroprotective properties and antidepressant effects. Minocycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding with the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect .