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KIN1400 is a potent IRF3 activator. KIN1400 triggers IRF3-dependent innate immune antiviral genes (RIG-I, MDA5, IFIT1, and Mx1) and IFN-β expression. KIN1400 inhibits WNV and DV, two mosquito-borne members of the Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus. KIN1400 also inhibits HCV replication. KIN1400 induces innate antiviral immunity through a MAVS-IRF3 axis .
KIN101 is a potent RNA viral inhibitor with IC50s of 2 μM, >5 μM for influenza virus and Dengue virus (DNV), respectively. KIN101, an isoflavone agonist of IRF-3 dependent signaling, induces IRF-3 nuclear translocation. KIN101 has broad-spectrum activity against RNA viruses .
ISD (interferon stimulatory DNA) sodium is a non-CpG oligomer from the Listeria monocytogenes genome. When transfected into cells, ISD sodium strongly enhances the expression of IFN-β. This ISD-induced response is mediated by the STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling axis .
Malachite green hemioxalate (MCCK1) is a triphenylmethane dye which can be used to detect the release of phosphate in enzymatic reactions. Malachite green hemioxalate has antibacterial activity, which is attributed to inhibition of intracellular enzymes, insertion into DNA and/or interaction with cell membranes. Malachite green hemioxalate is also a potent and selective inhibitor of IKBKE, and inhibits its downstream targets such as IκBα, p65 and IRF3. Malachite green hemioxalate exhibits antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo [3].
Irf3 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Irf3 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
IRF3 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for IRF3 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
Irf3 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Irf3 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
Anti-inflammatory agent 65 (compound 29) is a Hederagonic acid derivative with potent anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 65 inhibits nitric oxide (NO) release. Anti-inflammatory agent 65 inhibits the nuclear translocation of IRF3 and p65, and disrupts the STING/IRF3/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby attenuating the inflammatory response .
Catalpalactone has anti-inflammatory effect. Catalpalactone inhibits LPS-induced NO production and iNOS expression in RAW264.7 cells, and also inhibits IRF3, NF-κB, and IFN-β/STAT-1 activation. Catalpalactone also inhibits dopamine biosynthesis by reducing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic-l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activities .
STING modulator-3 is a STING inhibitor. STING modulator-3 inhibits R232 STING with an Ki value of 43.1 nM in scintillation proximity assay. STING modulator-3 has no effect on IRF-3 activation or TNF-β induction in THP-1 cells .
UM-242 is a STING inhibitor, with an EC50 of 1.70 μM in THP1-Dual cells expressing wild-type STING. UM-242 blocks STING oligomerization and inhibits diABZI-induced phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3, thereby suppressing the transcription of IFNβ and IL6 and reducing IFNβ secretion. UM-242 can be used for the study of STING-dependent inflammatory and neurological diseases .
UM-259 is a STING inhibitor, with an EC50 of 1.50 μM in THP1-Dual cells expressing wild-type STING. UM-259 blocks STING oligomerization and inhibits diABZI-induced phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3, thereby suppressing the transcription of IFNβ and IL6 and reducing IFNβ secretion. UM-259 can be used for the study of STING-dependent inflammatory and neurological diseases .
STING-IN-7 is a potent STING inhibitor with an IC50 of 11.5 nM. STING-IN-7 can inhibit the phosphorylation of STING, IRF3, and TBK1. STING-IN-7 can be used in the research of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases .
STING agonist-46 is an orally active STING agonist. STING agonist-46 activates the STING signaling pathway, promoting phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3, and secretion of IFN-β and IP-10. STING agonist-46 directly binds to STING and increases its thermal stability. STING agonist-46 demonstrates potent anti-tumor efficacy in B16F10, CT26, and 4T1 mouse models. STING agonist-46 can be used for cancer immunotherapy studies .
Subquinocin is a CYLD inhibitor that inhibits USP family deubiquitinases (DUBs). Subquinocin enhances the activation of NF-κB and IFN pathways by inhibiting CYLD. Subquinocin promotes RIG-I-mediated activation of IRF3 and/or IRF7 in the interferon pathway .
Malachite green hemioxalate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Malachite green hemioxalate (HY-D0162). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Malachite green hemioxalate is a triphenylmethane dye which can be used to detect the release of phosphate in enzymatic reactions. Malachite green hemioxalate has antimicrobial activity, which is attributed to inhibition of intracellular enzymes, intercalation into DNA, and/or interaction with cellular membranes. Malachite green hemioxalate is also a potent and selective inhibitor of IKBKE, and inhibits its downstream targets such as IκBα, p65 and IRF3. Malachite green hemioxalate exhibits antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.
STING modulator-4 (compound AIH05) is a competitive STING modulator with a Ki of 0.0933 μM for R232H STING. STING modulator-4 has an EC50 of >10 μM for p-IRF3 in THP-1 cell .
ITA-5 is a TBK1 inhibitor based on the structure of itaconic acid. can significantly inhibit the secretion of IFN-β. ITA-5 can inhibit the phosphorylation of TBK1, IRF3, and STAT1. ITA-5 can be used for research on autoimmune diseases and excessive inflammation .
STING-IN-17 is an orally active STING (human STING IC50 = 29 nM, mouse STING IC50 = 15 nM) inhibitor. STING-IN-17 can inhibit the phosphorylation of STING, TBK1 and IRF3. STING-IN-17 dose dependently inhibits the mRNA expression of IP10, IFNB1 and ISG56. STING-IN-17 can reduce ROS and inhibit the expression of cleaved-PARP/caspase-3. STING-IN-17 can improve kidney function. STING-IN-17 can be used for research on inflammatory conditions such as acute kidney injury .
ITA-9 is a TBK1 inhibitor based on the structure of itaconic acid. ITA-9 can inhibit the IFN-I signaling pathway. ITA-9 can inhibit the phosphorylation of TBK1, IRF3, and STAT1. ITA-9 can be used for research on inflammatory reactions and tissue damage .
HSV-60mer sodium is a 60 bp double-stranded oligonucleotide containing viral DNA motifs that derive from the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) genome . Transfected HSV-60 has been shown to potently induce IFN-β in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-, DNA-dependent activator of IRFs (DAI)-, and RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-independent, but STING-, TBK1- and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent manner.
Astin C (Asterin) is a cyclopeptide that can be extracted from Aster tataricus. Astin C has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Astin C can specifically inhibit the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, block the recruitment of IRF3 to the STING signalosome, and thus inhibit the innate inflammatory response. Astin C can be used in the research of autoimmune diseases and cancers [3].
GSK-690693 is an ATP-competitive pan-Akt inhibitor with IC50s of 2 nM, 13 nM, 9 nM for Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3, respectively. GSK-690693 is also an AMPK inhibitor, affects Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) activity and robustly inhibits STING-dependent IRF3 activation [3].
c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) sodium is a STING agonist, which binds to the transmembrane protein STING thereby activating the TBK3-IRF3 signaling pathway, subsequently triggering the production of type I IFN and TNF. c-di-AMP sodium is also a bacterial second messenger, which regulates cell growth, survival, and virulence, primarily within Gram-positive bacteria, and also regulates host immune response. c-di-AMP sodium acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant stimulating both humoral and cellular responses [3] .
c-di-AMP diammonium is a STING agonist, which binds to the transmembrane protein STING thereby activating the TBK3-IRF3 signaling pathway, subsequently triggering the production of type I IFN and TNF. c-di-AMP diammonium is also a bacterial second messenger, which regulates cell growth, survival, and virulence, primarily within Gram-positive bacteria, and also regulates host immune response. c-di-AMP diammonium acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant stimulating both humoral and cellular responses [3] .
Cyclo(Phe-Pro) (Cyclo(phenylalanylprolyl)) is a quorum-sensing molecule of Vibrio vulnificus that specifically interacts with RIG-I, inhibiting RIG-I polyubiquitination, suppressing IRF-3 activation, and reducing type I interferon production. Cyclo(Phe-Pro) enhances susceptibility to HCV and influenza virus and also alleviates plant aluminum toxicity stress. The mechanism of Cyclo(Phe-Pro) involves the regulation of host immune signaling pathways, bacterial virulence gene expression, and plant antioxidant systems, making it a promising candidate for research in viral infections, bacterial virulence regulation, and agricultural stress resistance [3].
c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) is a STING agonist, which binds to the transmembrane protein STING thereby activating the TBK3-IRF3 signaling pathway, subsequently triggering the production of type I IFN and TNF. c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) is also a bacterial second messenger, which regulates cell growth, survival, and virulence, primarily within Gram-positive bacteria, and also regulates host immune response. c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant stimulating both humoral and cellular responses [3] .
ZSA-215 is a potent and orally active STING agonist with an EC50 of 3.3 μM. ZSA-215 enhances STING signaling through promoting the phosphorylation of STING and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and secretion of IFN-β. ZSA-215 inhibits tumor regression and long-term survival of mice in MC38 colon cancer model. ZSA-215 can be used to the study of colon cancerr .
STING agonist-28 (CF510) is a non-nucleotide small-molecule STING agonist. STING agonist-23 activates STING, increases phosphorylation of STING, TBK1 and IRF3. STING agonist-23 promotes the levels of IFN-β, IL-6, CXCL-10, TNF-α, ISG-15, and CCL-5 in tumor cells. STING agonist-23 exhibits activity against SARS-CoV series strains .
STING agonist-24 (CF504) is a non-nucleotide small-molecule STING agonist. STING agonist-23 activates STING, increases phosphorylation of STING, TBK1 and IRF3. STING agonist-23 promotes the levels of IFN-β, IL-6, CXCL-10, TNF-α, ISG-15, and CCL-5 in tumor cells. STING agonist-23 exhibits activity against SARS-CoV series strains .
STING agonist-26 (CF508) is a non-nucleotide small-molecule STING agonist. STING agonist-23 activates STING, increases phosphorylation of STING, TBK1 and IRF3. STING agonist-23 promotes the levels of IFN-β, IL-6, CXCL-10, TNF-α, ISG-15, and CCL-5 in tumor cells. STING agonist-23 exhibits activity against SARS-CoV series strains .
TBK1-IN-2 (Compound A1) is a potent TBK1 inhibitor (IC50: 775 pM). TBK1-IN-2 binds to TBK1 through stable hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking, inhibiting IRF3 phosphorylation. TBK1-IN-2 synergizes with TNF/IFNγ to enhance immune-mediated tumor cell death. TBK1-IN-2 can be used in cancer immunotherapy research .
STING agonist-23 (CF502) is a non-nucleotide small-molecule STING agonist. STING agonist-23 activates STING, increases phosphorylation of STING, TBK1 and IRF3. STING agonist-23 promotes the levels of IFN-β, IL-6, CXCL-10, TNF-α, ISG-15, and CCL-5 in tumor cells. STING agonist-23 exhibits activity against SARS-CoV series strains .
STING agonist-25 (CF505) is a non-nucleotide small-molecule STING agonist. STING agonist-23 activates STING, increases phosphorylation of STING, TBK1 and IRF3. STING agonist-23 promotes the levels of IFN-β, IL-6, CXCL-10, TNF-α, ISG-15, and CCL-5 in tumor cells. STING agonist-23 exhibits activity against SARS-CoV series strains .
MyD88-IN-4 is a MyD88 inhibitor. MyD88-IN-4 exerts antiviral effects by up-regulating IFN-β, and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production. MyD88-IN-4 prevents MyD88 homodimer formation and its interaction with IRF3/IRF7. MyD88-IN-4 demonstrates efficacy against encephalitic alphavirus infections by reducing viral replication and improving survival in VEEV TC-83-infected mouse models. MyD88-IN-4 can be used for the study of alphavirus infections, bacterial toxin-related diseases, and sepsis .
hSTING activator-1 (Compound 68) is a STING agonist. hSTING activator-1 can effectively activate multiple human STING variants (R232, H232, HAQ) with EC50 values of 56 nM, 89 nM and 51 nM, respectively. hSTING activator-1 activates the type I interferon pathway by directly binding to STING protein and stabilizing its conformation, promoting downstream IRF3 phosphorylation and cytokine release. hSTING activator-1 inhibits fibrosarcoma tumor growth and has potential in cancer research .
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) sodium, an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP sodium occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
Cyclic GMP (cGMP), an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) TBAOH, an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP TBAOH occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
SMU-14a is a TLR3 inhibitor (IC50: 0.18 µM). SMU-14a inhibits IL-6 secretion in mouse peritoneal macrophages and downregulates TNF-α in human peripheral blood monocytes. SMU-14a exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the phosphorylation of p65, ERK, and TBK1 through NF-κB, MAPK, and IRF3 signaling pathways, and decreasing serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. SMU-14a can be used in the study of acute hepatitis .
Cyclic GMP sodium- 13C5 is the 13C-labeled Cyclic GMP sodium (HY-113469A). Cyclic GMP (cGMP) sodium, an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP sodium occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
Cyclic GMP sodium (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cyclic GMP sodium (HY-113469A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyclic GMP (cGMP) sodium, an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP sodium occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
Cyclic GMP (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cyclic GMP (HY-113469). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyclic GMP (cGMP), an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
Cyclic GMP- 13C, 15N2 is 13C and 15N labeled Cyclic GMP (HY-113469). Cyclic GMP (cGMP), an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
STING agonist-45 is a selective STING agonist (EC50 = 0.28 μM). STING agonist-45 activates the innate immune response through the cGAS-STING pathway, upregulating key markers such as p-TBK1 and IRF3. STING agonist-45 exhibits robust STING activation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), inducing the production of type I interferons (such as IFN-β) and downstream cytokines (such as TNF-α and IL-6). STING agonist-45 enhances anti-tumor immunity, inhibits tumor growth, and increases CD8 + T cell infiltration in mouse models. STING agonist-45 is promising for the study of STING-related diseases .
ChX710 could prime the type I interferon response to cytosolic DNA, which induces the ISRE promoter sequence, specific cellular Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs), and the phosphorylation of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) 3.
TBK1/IKKε-IN-4 is a 6-aminopyrazolopyrimidine derivative and a potent, selective TBK1 and IKKε inhibitor with IC50 values of 13 nM and 59 nM, respectively. TBK1/IKKε-IN-4 shows 100- to 1000-fold less activity against other protein kinases including PDK1, PI3K family members and mTOR .
SU0268 is a potent and specific inhibitor of 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1). SU0268 regulates inflammatory responses during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection [3].
Malachite green hemioxalate (MCCK1) is a triphenylmethane dye which can be used to detect the release of phosphate in enzymatic reactions. Malachite green hemioxalate has antibacterial activity, which is attributed to inhibition of intracellular enzymes, insertion into DNA and/or interaction with cell membranes. Malachite green hemioxalate is also a potent and selective inhibitor of IKBKE, and inhibits its downstream targets such as IκBα, p65 and IRF3. Malachite green hemioxalate exhibits antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo [3].
Malachite green hemioxalate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Malachite green hemioxalate (HY-D0162). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Malachite green hemioxalate is a triphenylmethane dye which can be used to detect the release of phosphate in enzymatic reactions. Malachite green hemioxalate has antimicrobial activity, which is attributed to inhibition of intracellular enzymes, intercalation into DNA, and/or interaction with cellular membranes. Malachite green hemioxalate is also a potent and selective inhibitor of IKBKE, and inhibits its downstream targets such as IκBα, p65 and IRF3. Malachite green hemioxalate exhibits antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.
Astin C (Asterin) is a cyclopeptide that can be extracted from Aster tataricus. Astin C has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Astin C can specifically inhibit the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, block the recruitment of IRF3 to the STING signalosome, and thus inhibit the innate inflammatory response. Astin C can be used in the research of autoimmune diseases and cancers [3].
Cyclo(Phe-Pro) (Cyclo(phenylalanylprolyl)) is a quorum-sensing molecule of Vibrio vulnificus that specifically interacts with RIG-I, inhibiting RIG-I polyubiquitination, suppressing IRF-3 activation, and reducing type I interferon production. Cyclo(Phe-Pro) enhances susceptibility to HCV and influenza virus and also alleviates plant aluminum toxicity stress. The mechanism of Cyclo(Phe-Pro) involves the regulation of host immune signaling pathways, bacterial virulence gene expression, and plant antioxidant systems, making it a promising candidate for research in viral infections, bacterial virulence regulation, and agricultural stress resistance [3].
Astin C (Asterin) is a cyclopeptide that can be extracted from Aster tataricus. Astin C has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Astin C can specifically inhibit the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, block the recruitment of IRF3 to the STING signalosome, and thus inhibit the innate inflammatory response. Astin C can be used in the research of autoimmune diseases and cancers [3].
c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) sodium is a STING agonist, which binds to the transmembrane protein STING thereby activating the TBK3-IRF3 signaling pathway, subsequently triggering the production of type I IFN and TNF. c-di-AMP sodium is also a bacterial second messenger, which regulates cell growth, survival, and virulence, primarily within Gram-positive bacteria, and also regulates host immune response. c-di-AMP sodium acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant stimulating both humoral and cellular responses [3] .
c-di-AMP diammonium is a STING agonist, which binds to the transmembrane protein STING thereby activating the TBK3-IRF3 signaling pathway, subsequently triggering the production of type I IFN and TNF. c-di-AMP diammonium is also a bacterial second messenger, which regulates cell growth, survival, and virulence, primarily within Gram-positive bacteria, and also regulates host immune response. c-di-AMP diammonium acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant stimulating both humoral and cellular responses [3] .
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) sodium, an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP sodium occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
Cyclic GMP (cGMP), an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
Cyclic GMP (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cyclic GMP (HY-113469). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyclic GMP (cGMP), an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
Catalpalactone has anti-inflammatory effect. Catalpalactone inhibits LPS-induced NO production and iNOS expression in RAW264.7 cells, and also inhibits IRF3, NF-κB, and IFN-β/STAT-1 activation. Catalpalactone also inhibits dopamine biosynthesis by reducing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic-l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activities .
c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) is a STING agonist, which binds to the transmembrane protein STING thereby activating the TBK3-IRF3 signaling pathway, subsequently triggering the production of type I IFN and TNF. c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) is also a bacterial second messenger, which regulates cell growth, survival, and virulence, primarily within Gram-positive bacteria, and also regulates host immune response. c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant stimulating both humoral and cellular responses [3] .
Cyclic GMP sodium (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cyclic GMP sodium (HY-113469A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyclic GMP (cGMP) sodium, an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP sodium occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
The IRF3 protein is an important transcriptional regulator that coordinates type I interferon-dependent immune responses against DNA and RNA viruses. In uninfected cells, it remains inactive, but viral infection triggers phosphorylation of IKBKE and TBK1 kinases, leading to conformational changes. IRF3 Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, Myc, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived IRF3 protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with C-Myc, N-10*His labeled tag.
The TMEM173 protein acts as a promoter of innate immune signaling, acting as a sensor of bacterial and viral cytoplasmic DNA, ultimately promoting the production of type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β). This innate immune response is triggered in response to the delivery of non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria into the cytoplasm. TMEM173 Protein, Human (Sumo-His) is the recombinant human-derived TMEM173 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-SUMO, N-6*His labeled tag.
The TMEM173 protein acts as a promoter of innate immune signaling, acting as a sensor of bacterial and viral cytoplasmic DNA, ultimately promoting the production of type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β). This innate immune response is triggered in response to the delivery of non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria into the cytoplasm. TMEM173 Protein, Human (N-His-Sumo) is the recombinant human-derived TMEM173 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
Cyclic GMP- 13C, 15N2 is 13C and 15N labeled Cyclic GMP (HY-113469). Cyclic GMP (cGMP), an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
Cyclic GMP sodium- 13C5 is the 13C-labeled Cyclic GMP sodium (HY-113469A). Cyclic GMP (cGMP) sodium, an important second messenger, is a major intracellular mediator of extracellular signals such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Effects of Cyclic GMP sodium occur through three main groups of cellular targets: cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), cGMP-gated cation channels, and PDEs. Cyclic GMP can inhibit both platelet adhesion and aggregation. cGAMP (Cyclic-GMP-AMP) (HY-12512), a conjugate of Cyclic GMP and AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enhancing antiviral immune responses [3] .
ISD (interferon stimulatory DNA) sodium is a non-CpG oligomer from the Listeria monocytogenes genome. When transfected into cells, ISD sodium strongly enhances the expression of IFN-β. This ISD-induced response is mediated by the STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling axis .
Irf3 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Irf3 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
IRF3 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for IRF3 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
Irf3 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Irf3 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
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