2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-136355R
    Picoxystrobin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Picoxystrobin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Picoxystrobin (HY-136355). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Picoxystrobin is a strobilurin fungicide. Picoxystrobin controls plant diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Picoxystrobin is highly toxic to zebrafish embryos, causing developmental abnormalities, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity.
    Picoxystrobin (Standard)
  • HY-W035106
    Nickel(II) Dibutyldithiocarbamate
    		Inhibitor
    Nickel(II) Dibutyldithiocarbamate is an antioxidant and antiozonant. Nickel(II) Dibutyldithiocarbamate can be used against ozone-induced bronzing of P. vulgaris leaves.
    Nickel(II) Dibutyldithiocarbamate
  • HY-178212
    Antibacterial agent 292
    		Inducer
    Antibacterial agent 292 is a 3-pyrazolylindole derivative. Antibacterial agent 292 is an anti-bacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 292 shows potent inhibitory activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri (Xac), with EC50 values of 2.54 and 3.49 μg/mL. Antibacterial agent 292 can suppress biofilm formation, bacterial motility, and extracellular polysaccharide production, induce morphological alterations and promote ROS accumulation, ultimately triggers bacterial apoptosis. Antibacterial agent 292 down-regulates the expression of genes associated with the type VI secretion system (T6SS). Antibacterial agent 292 can be used in rice bacterial blight and citrus canker.
    Antibacterial agent 292
  • HY-178476
    Anti-MRSA agent 36
    		Activator
    Anti-MRSA agent 36 (Compound III13) is an antibacterial agent with strong anti MRSA activity (MIC = 1 μg/mL). Anti-MRSA agent 36 targets phosphatidylglycerol (PG) on bacterial membranes, disrupting membrane integrity, leading to DNA leakage and increased ROS. Anti-MRSA agent 36 has advantages such as low cytotoxicity, low hemolysis, difficulty in inducing drug resistance, and good plasma stability. Anti-MRSA agent 36 can be used for the study of skin abscess and systemic infection models.
    Anti-MRSA agent 36
  • HY-N4118R
    Cephaeline (Standard)
    Cephaeline ((-)-Cephaeline), a desmethyl analog of Emetine, is a phenolic alkaloid in Indian Ipecac roots isolated from the Cephaelis ipecacuanha. Cephaeline exhibits potent inhibition of both Zika virus (ZIKV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) infections. Cephaeline is an inductor of histone H3 acetylation and an inhibitor of mucoepidermoid carcinoma cancer stem cells (MEC), which promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting NRF2 to exert anti-lung cancer efficacy.
    Cephaeline (Standard)
  • HY-N8713
    4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone
    4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone can be used for the synthesis of N-hydroxypyridone derivatives, which can protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity via improved mitochondrial functionality.
    4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone
  • HY-N0359A
    (E)-Cynarin
    		Control
    (E)-Cynarin ((E)-Cynarine) is the E-isomer of Cynarin (HY-N0359). Cynarin is an anti-asphyxiant with multiple biological activities, possessing antioxidant, antihistamine, and antiviral activities, etc.
    (E)-Cynarin
  • HY-107690R
    DMPO (Standard)
    DMPO (Standard) is the analytical standard of DMPO. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DMPO is a cell permeable hydrophillic spin trap agent for superoxide detection.
    DMPO (Standard)
  • HY-107837R
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (Standard)
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (trisodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (trisodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium) is a long-acting vitamin C derivative that can stimulate collagen formation and expression[1]. L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium) can be used as a culture medium supplement for the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium) increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runx2A in hASCs during the osteogenic differentiation[2][3].
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (Standard)
  • HY-B0347R
    Lacidipine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Lacidipine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lacidipine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lacidipine is an orally active and highly selective L-type calcium channel blocker that acts on smooth muscle calcium channels, primarily dilates peripheral arteries, reduces peripheral resistance, and has long-lasting anti-hypertensive activity. Lacidipine protects HKCs from apoptosis induced by ATP depletion and recovery by modulating the caspase-3 pathway. Lacidipine can be used in studies of hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute kidney injury (AKI).
    Lacidipine (Standard)
  • HY-W014901S1
    Bisphenol F-13C12
    		Activator
    Bisphenol F-13C12 is the 13C labeled Bisphenol F (HY-W014901). Bisphenol F is an orally active endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol F promotes ROS generation, upregulates p-AKT/p-GSK3β, and induces Apoptosis. Bisphenol F interferes with glucose metabolism, affects neurodevelopment and reproductive function. Bisphenol F reduces social novelty preference in mouse offspring. Bisphenol F can be used in bone, blood, and fat-related studies. Bisphenol F is used as a substitute for Bisphenol A (HY-18260).
    Bisphenol F-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>12</sub>
  • HY-W040028R
    Cartap hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Cartap (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cartap (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cartap hydrochloride, an organonitrogen insecticide, can cause a marked irreversible Ca2+-dependent contracture in both isolated mouse and rabbit phrenic nerve-diaphragms. Cartap hydrochloride significantly increases the level of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C2C12 cells.
    Cartap hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-128799R
    CL097 (Standard)
    		Inducer
    CL097 (Standard) is the analytical standard of CL097. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. CL097, a potent TLR7 and TLR8 agonist, induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. CL097 induces NADPH oxidase priming, resulting in an increase of the fMLF-stimulated ROS production.
    CL097 (Standard)
  • HY-B1428R
    2-Ethoxybenzamide (Standard)
    		Inducer
    2-Ethoxybenzamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Ethoxybenzamide (HY-B1428). 2-Ethoxybenzamide (Ethenzamide) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that shows analgesic and antipyretic effects. 2-Ethoxybenzamide induces melanin synthesis via cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. 2-Ethoxybenzamide can be used in the research of hypopigmentation and inflammation-related diseases.
    2-Ethoxybenzamide (Standard)
  • HY-17480R
    Bendazac (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Bendazac (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bendazac. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bendazac is an oxyacetic acid with anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties. Bendazac acts by preventing protein denaturation and delays the cataractogenic process. Bendazac exerts funciton in anti-radical effect and inhibits oxidative brust.
    Bendazac (Standard)
  • HY-N8466
    (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside is an inhibitor of ROS. (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside reduces lipid accumulation and lipid metabolic disorders in FFAs-exposed HepG2 cells. (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside inhibits high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species production.
    (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside
  • HY-179059
    Anti-MRSA agent 40
    		Activator
    Anti-MRSA agent 40 (Compound 7-8) is a potent agent against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Anti-MRSA agent 40 exhibits significant antibacterial activity against MRSA2 and S. aureus ATCC 29213, with its MIC values being 1 μg/mL. Anti-MRSA agent 40 causes depolarization of the cell membrane, damages membrane integrity, and simultaneously increases the level of ROS within MRSA2, ultimately leading to cell lysis and death. Anti-MRSA agent 40 exhibits extremely low cytotoxicity, and there is almost no risk of hemolysis at the effective antibacterial concentration. Anti-MRSA agent 40 shows significant efficacy in the MRSA2 skin abscess model. Anti-MRSA agent 40 can be used for research on anti-MRSA infections.
    Anti-MRSA agent 40
  • HY-Y1819R
    2-Acetonaphthone (Standard)
    		Activator
    2-Acetonaphthone is a synthetic fragrance material. 2-Acetonaphthone increases ROS under UVA/sunlight, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. 2-Acetonaphthone can be used as an adulterant in a variety of cosmetics. 2-Acetonaphthone can be used for the study of skin keratinization
    2-Acetonaphthone (Standard)
  • HY-172793
    Antibacterial agent 276
    		Inducer
    Antibacterial agent 276 (compound B3) is an antibacterial agent with EC50 values of 1.32 μg/mL and 2.80 μg/mL against Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri，respectively. Antibacterial agent 276 disrupts the intracellular redox balance, and results in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent induction of apoptosis.
    Antibacterial agent 276
  • HY-N12087
    8-Deoxylactucin
    		Inhibitor
    8-Deoxylactucin is an orally active sesquiterpene lactone. 8-Deoxylactucin inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 4.35 μM. 8-Deoxylactucin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the NF-κB pathway. 8-Deoxylactucin demonstrates hepatoprotective efficacy in LPS/D-galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis model of mice. 8-Deoxylactucin can be used for the study of inflammatory diseases and inflammatory liver injuries.
    8-Deoxylactucin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity