2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Metabolite results when a drug is metabolized into a modified form which continues to produce effects. A metabolome in a given body fluid is influenced by endogenous factors such as age, sex, body composition and genetics as well as underlying pathologies.The levels of the enormous array of unique small-molecule metabolites are usually kept tightly regulated by the activity of a very large array of enzymes and transporters responsible for the production, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalization of these small molecules.The levels of the endogenous small molecules present in the brain are normally tightly regulated.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W017464
    NAPQI
    		99.33%
    NAPQI is the toxic metabolite of Acetaminophen (HY-66005). NAPQI is also an inhibitor of enzymes in the vitamin K cycle. NAPQI is rapidly detoxified by glutathione (GSH), but in situations of GSH deficiency, excess NAPQI reacts with cysteine residues in proteins, causing cell death and toxicity in the liver.
    NAPQI
  • HY-W018035
    DL-Glyceric Acid (20% in water)
    DL-Glyceric Acid (20% in water) is a metabolite of plants and mammals and exists in two configurations, D and L.
    DL-Glyceric Acid (20% in water)
  • HY-112016
    C20 Ceramide
    		99.11%
    C20 Ceramide is a natural 20:0 ceramide that is abundant in the brain.
    C20 Ceramide
  • HY-N0780
    Isoalantolactone
    		99.99%
    Isoalantolactone is an apoptosis inducer, which also acts as an alkylating agent.
    Isoalantolactone
  • HY-112108
    Chitosan oligosaccharide
    Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an oligomer of β-(1→4)-linked D-glucosamine. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) activates AMPK and inhibits inflammatory signaling pathways including NF-κB and MAPK pathways.
    Chitosan oligosaccharide
  • HY-W014102
    L-Alanyl-L-glutamine
    		≥98.0%
    L-Alanyl-L-glutamine, a glutamine dipeptide, is benefit for the antioxidant system, attenuating inflammation, and may modulate the heat shock protein (HSP) response in catabolic situations.
    L-Alanyl-L-glutamine
  • HY-B2246
    L-Carnitine hydrochloride
    		99.88%
    L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism.
    L-Carnitine hydrochloride
  • HY-B1384
    Retinyl palmitate
    		99.41%
    Retinyl palmitate is an ester of Retinol and is the major form of vitamin A found in the epidermis. Retinyl palmitate has been widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.
    Retinyl palmitate
  • HY-W011910
    Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate
    		99.95%
    Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate is an endogenous metabolite.
    Potassium 1H-indol-3-yl sulfate
  • HY-W015913S
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-13C3
    		99.7%
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS.
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-13771A
    Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium
    		99.06%
    Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholate) sodium is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of (cheno)deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting as a key regulator of the intestinal barrier integrity and essential for lipid metabolism. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors, including G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5, GPCR19) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium can be used for the research of a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Orally active.
    Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium
  • HY-W342604
    N-Acetylputrescine
    		99.54%
    N-Acetylputrescine is a polyamine metabolite that regulates cell proliferation and signal transduction mainly by participating in polyamine acetylation modification. N-Acetylputrescine may reduce the positive charge of polyamines, affect protein-nucleic acid interactions, and promote cell growth. The concentration changes of N-Acetylputrescine can help disease diagnosis (such as early screening and efficacy evaluation of lung cancer) and microbial cell wall structure research. N-Acetylputrescine can be used as a potential biomarker for the progression of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
    N-Acetylputrescine
  • HY-113063
    3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid
    		99.68%
    3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is a degradation product from Isoleucine. 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is a biomarker of mustard airway diseases (MADs) and uric acid stone.
    3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid
  • HY-124489
    2-Hydroxyestradiol
    		98.05%
    2-Hydroxyestradiol, a metabolite of 17β-estradiol with minimal estrogenic activity, possesses antioxidant effects and reacts with DNA to form stable adducts and exerts genotoxicity.
    2-Hydroxyestradiol
  • HY-129987
    Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) sodium
    		99.46%
    Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) sodium, a metabolite of estrogen, is well known to cause intrahepatic cholestasis in humans.
    Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) sodium
  • HY-B2130S1
    Uric acid-15N2
    		99.60%
    Uric acid-15N2 is the 15N labeled Uric acid. Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Uric acid-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-W011727A
    Pyridoxal 5'-​phosphate monohydrate
    		≥98.0%
    Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate monohydrate, the active form of vitamin B6, is an essential cofactor for multiple enzymes, including aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase that catalyzes the final stage in the production of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate monohydrate is the most important coenzyme variant in the process of vitamin B6 intracellular phosphorylation and is interconvertible with other variants, including pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate (PNP) and pyridoxamine 5′‐phosphate (PMP).
    Pyridoxal 5'-​phosphate monohydrate
  • HY-10448R
    Capsaicin (Standard)
    Capsaicin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Capsaicin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin), an active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist. Capsaicin has pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects.
    Capsaicin (Standard)
  • HY-W009203
    L-Cystine dihydrochloride
    		≥98.0%
    L-Cystine dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt form of L-Cystine (HY-N0394). L-Cystine dihydrochloride elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine dihydrochloride reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine dihydrochloride combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine dihydrochloride is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones
    L-Cystine dihydrochloride
  • HY-W001160
    5-Hydroxyindole
    		99.94%
    5-Hydroxyindole is an orally active hydroxylated indole and tryptophan metabolite. 5-Hydroxyindole activates α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and acts on intestinal L-type calcium channels. 5-Hydroxyindole slows down the desensitization of 5-HT3 receptor-mediated ion currents in cells. 5-Hydroxyindole causes convulsions and loss of consciousness. 5-Hydroxyindole is used in the study of neuroblastoma, schizophrenia, and diseases related to intestinal motility disorders.
    5-Hydroxyindole
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity