2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-159518
    ROS inducer 4
    		Inducer
    ROS inducer 4 (compound TE3) is a mitochondrial inhibitor. ROS inducer 4 causes a series of mitochondria-related physiological changes in tumors, such as mitochondrial fragmentation, explosive generation and accumulation of ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased ATP content, and activation of ROS-mediated apoptotic signaling in mitochondria.
    ROS inducer 4
  • HY-P5420
    PSTi8
    		Inhibitor
    PSTi8 is a biological active peptide. (Pancreastatin inhibitor 8)
    PSTi8
  • HY-B0093AS
    Benazepril-d5 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Benazepril-d5 hydrochloride is deuterium labeled Benazepril hydrochloride. Benazepril hydrochloride is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to reduce angiotensin-II production. Benazepril hydrochloride inhibits oxidative stress and inhibits apoptosis by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In addition, Benazepril hydrochloride improves diabetic nephropathy and decreases proteinuria. Benazepril hydrochloride can be used in the study of hypertension, heart failure and diabetic nephropathy.
    Benazepril-d<sub>5</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-147795
    Nampt-IN-8
    		Inducer
    Nampt-IN-8 (Compound 10d) is an NAMPT inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.183 μM. Nampt-IN-8 is also a relatively good NQO1 substrate. Nampt-IN-8 induces cell apoptosis and ROS.
    Nampt-IN-8
  • HY-W091169
    N-Methyl-2-HOBA hydrochloride
    		Control
    N-Methyl-2-HOBA (2-((Methylamino)methyl)phenol) hydrochloride is a methylated form of the isoketal scavenger 2-HOBA (HY-34350). N-Methyl-2-HOBA hydrochloride can be used as a negative control for the activity of 2-HOBA in a mouse model of hypertension.
    N-Methyl-2-HOBA hydrochloride
  • HY-175210
    STING-IN-16
    		Inhibitor
    STING-IN-16 is a STING inhibitor with IC50 values of 44 nM (human) and 32 nM (mice) for cellular STING inhibition. STING-IN-16 effectively inhibits the activation of the STING axis in both human and murine cells. STING-IN-16 can restore renal mitochondrial function, suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and reduce cell apoptosis. STING-IN-16 shows robust anti-inflammatory efiicacy in vivo. STING-IN-16 can be used for the study of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
    STING-IN-16
  • HY-B0835S
    Fenobucarb-d3
    		Activator
    Fenobucarb-d3 is the deuterium labeled Fenobucarb. Fenobucarb is a carbamate insecticide. Fenobucarb induces zebrafish developmental neurotoxicity through pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, degeneration and apoptosis. Fenobucarb is a possible risk factor to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in animals.
    Fenobucarb-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-17402S3
    Nisoldipine-d3
    Nisoldipine-d3 is deuterated labeled Nisoldipine (HY-17402). Nisoldipine (BAY-k 5552; Sular) is a highly efficient and specific L-type Cav1.2 channel blocker with an IC50 of 10 nM.
    Nisoldipine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-175845
    Scr-IN-2
    		Agonist
    Scr-IN-2 is an effective c-Scr inhibitor with an IC50 of 302 nM. Scr-IN-2 exhibits nanomolar-level anti-breast cancer activity. Scr-IN-2 increases the level of ROS in cells, induces mitochondrial damage, G1 phase arrest, and apoptosis. Scr-IN-2 can be used in the research of breast cancer.
    Scr-IN-2
  • HY-178115
    MB-Buf
    		Inducer
    MB-Buf is a conjugation of methylene blue (HY-14536) and bufalin (HY-N0877) . MB-Buf can targeting degrade GPX4 upon light activation. MB-Buf can induce cell apoptosis, ferroptosis, and ROS production. MB-Buf can be used for the research of cancer, such as breast cancer.
    MB-Buf
  • HY-100561S1
    Tempol-d17
    Tempol-d17 is the deuterium labeled Tempol. Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Tempol-d<sub>17</sub>
  • HY-172777
    SDH-IN-25
    		Inducer
    SDH-IN-25 is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor (IC50 = 4.82 mg/L). SDH-IN-25 exhibited broad-spectrum and potent antifungal activity. SDH-IN-25 mimics the interaction pattern of commercial fungicide Fluxapyroxad (HY-135549) through binding to SDH amino acid residues (TRP173, TYR58, and ARG43). SDH-IN-25 can induce hyphal morphology, interfere with respiratory metabolism by binding to complex II, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and affect mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in mycelia. SDH-IN-25 can be studied in research for agricultural disease control.
    SDH-IN-25
  • HY-N0316R
    Mollugin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Mollugin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Mollugin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Mollugin is an orally active and potent NF-κB inhibitor. Mollugin induces S-phase arrest of HepG2 cells, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mollugin induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as well as an increase in the expression of p-H2AX. Mollugin shows anti-cancer effect by inhibiting TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Mollugin enhances the osteogenic action of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) via the p38-Smad signaling pathway.
    Mollugin (Standard)
  • HY-161332
    Antitumor agent-143
    		Activator
    Antitumor agent-143 (compound 2c) is an antitumor agent that blocks cell proliferation of A549 cells during the S phase and induces an early apoptosis. Antitumor agent-143 induces cell death via ferroptosis, apoptosis by a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.
    Antitumor agent-143
  • HY-P1184A
    HNGF6A TFA
    		Inhibitor
    HNGF6A TFA is a humanin analogue. HNGF6A TFA increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, and has the potential for diabetes research. HNGF6A TFA inhibits of ROS production during oxidative stress. HNGF6A TFA can prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in vivo.
    HNGF6A TFA
  • HY-149602
    Glutaminase C-IN-2
    		Agonist
    Glutaminase C-IN-2 (compound 11) is glutaminase C (GAC) allosteric inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.64 nM. Glutaminase C-IN-2 regulates the cellular metabolite, thereby increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) by blocking glutamine metabolism. Glutaminase C-IN-2 has anticancer effects.
    Glutaminase C-IN-2
  • HY-W001187R
    Tempo (Standard)
    		Activator
    Tempo (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tempo. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tempo is a nitric oxide radical and a selective scavenger of ROS in mitochondria. Tempo is also an organocatalyst that disproportionates superoxide and oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes in a catalytic cycle. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects and can induceDNA strand breaks. Tempo also exerts cytotoxic and mutagenic properties in mouse lymphoma cells[4].
    Tempo (Standard)
  • HY-N0111S
    Coenzyme Q10-d6
    Coenzyme Q10-d6 is deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.
    Coenzyme Q10-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-176039
    TUG-2181
    		Inhibitor
    TUG-2181 is an antagonist of GPR84 with an IC50 value of 34 nM. TUG-2181 inhibits GPR84 agonists-induced reactive species oxygen (ROS) production and IL-8 release in human neutrophils. TUG-2181 can be used for inflammation and fibrosis study.
    TUG-2181
  • HY-159510
    VEGFR-2-IN-51
    		Activator
    VEGFR-2-IN-51 (compound 19) is an orally active dual-target inhibitor of VEGFR-2 (IC50=15.33 μM) and tubulin (IC50=0.76 μM) with anti-tumor activity. VEGFR-2-IN-51 induces tumor cell apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. VEGFR-2-IN-51 exerts anti-angiogenic effects by blocking the VEGFR-2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, VEGFR-2-IN-51 has significant anti-proliferative activity against the gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 (IC50=0.005 μM).
    VEGFR-2-IN-51
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity