2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-17402S
    Nisoldipine-d6
    Nisoldipine-d6 is the deuterium labeled Nisoldipine. Nisoldipine(BAY-k 5552; Sular) is a calcium channel blocker belonging to the dihydropyridines class, specific for L-type Cav1.2 with an IC50 of 10 nM.
    Nisoldipine-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-159515
    PBE-AMF
    		Activator
    PBE-AMF is a prodrug that activates H2O2 with anticancer activity. PBE-AMF impedes tumor proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis, reducing ATP levels, inducing apoptosis, and arresting the cell cycle. PBE-AMF potently and selectively inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50=6.4 μM) while sparing non-cancerous MCF-10A cells.
    PBE-AMF
  • HY-168030
    hCAIX-IN-23
    hCAIX-IN-23 (Compound 27) is a human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitor with Ki values of 10.4 and 8.5 nM for hCA IX and hCA XII, respectively. In addition to inhibiting hCA activity, hCAIX-IN-23 releases NO, exhibiting dual antitumor activity. hCAIX-IN-23 induces apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial caspase activity and the ferroptosis pathway (ferroptosis) through the downregulation of hCA IX and iron-regulatory protein expression. hCAIX-IN-23 is useful for renal cancer research.
    hCAIX-IN-23
  • HY-129765
    Thiobenzanilide 63T
    		Inducer
    Thiobenzanilide 63T (63T) is a small molecule that selectively induces cancer cell death in a caspase-independent pathway. Thiobenzanilide 63T induces reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Thiobenzanilide 63T demonstrates strong cytotoxic activity against a lung-derived cancer cell line. Thiobenzanilide 63T decreases the expression of heme oxygenase (HO-1) in A549 cells.
    Thiobenzanilide 63T
  • HY-17406R
    Tolcapone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Tolcapone (Standard) (Ro 40-7592 (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Tolcapone (HY-17406). Tolcapone (Ro 40-7592) is a selective, potent and orally active COMT inhibitor with an IC50of 773 nM. Tolcapone can inhibits α-syn and Aβ42 oligomerization and fibrillogenesis. Tolcapone can cause oxidative stress and induce cancer cells apoptosis and ROS production. Tolcapone can be used for the researches of cancer and neurological disease, such as Parkinson disease and neuroblastoma.
    Tolcapone (Standard)
  • HY-168031
    AChE/BChE-IN-21
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/BChE-IN-21 is a histamine H3 receptor antagonist, calcium channel blocker, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. AChE/BChE-IN-21 exhibits neuroprotective activity against H2O2 and Aβ1-40, and can restore cognitive function in AD mice.
    AChE/BChE-IN-21
  • HY-163862
    PPARα agonist 3
    		Inhibitor
    PPARα agonist 3 (Compound A229) is a PPARα agonist (EC50: 590 nM). PPARα agonist 3 inhibits TBHP or 4-HNE (HY-113466)-induced production of ROS.
    PPARα agonist 3
  • HY-161329
    NLRP3-IN-32
    		Inhibitor
    NLRP3-IN-32 (compound 7a), a 3, 4-dihydronaphthalene-1(2H)-one derivative, is a potential NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles inhibitor. NLRP3-IN-32 can block the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by down-regulating the expression of NLPR3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other inflammatory mediators. NLRP3-IN-32 inhibits the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB/p65 and the nuclear translocation of p65, thereby inhibiting NF-κB signaling.
    NLRP3-IN-32
  • HY-P991590
    1D09C3
    		Inducer
    1D09C3 is a fully human anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody. 1D09C3 induces apoptosis and cell death involving a cascade of events, including ROS generation, JNK activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and AIF release from mitochondria. 1D09C3 shows potent anti-tumor activity and increases overall survival and median survival in JVM-2 cells and GRANTA-519 cells xenograft mice models. 1D09C3 can be used for the researches of cancer, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
    1D09C3
  • HY-178370
    Ferroptosis inducer-12
    		Inducer
    Ferroptosis inducer-12 is a potent and selective ferroptosis inducer. Ferroptosis inducer-12 exhibits potent antiproliferative activity against HT1080 and OS-RC-2, with IC50 values of 3 nM and 5 nM, respectively. Ferroptosis inducer-12 strongly inhibits GPX4 enzymatic activity, induces intracellular ROS and elevates intracellular Fe2+ levels in OS-RC-2 cells. Ferroptosis inducer-12 significantly inhibits tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice bearing OS-RC-2 xenografts. Ferroptosis inducer-12 can be used for the study of cancer.
    Ferroptosis inducer-12
  • HY-178432
    SHMT2-IN-1
    		Inducer
    SHMT2-IN-1 is a potent serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.21 μM and a KD of 10.6 μM. SHMT2-IN-1 binds to the folate binding site of SHMT2. SHMT2-IN-1 also inhibits SHMT1 with an IC50 of 1.83 μM. SHMT2-IN-1 can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion. SHMT2-IN-1 can induce cells apoptosis and ROS production and cause G2/M phase arrest. SHMT2-IN-1 can be used for the research of cancer, such as esophageal cancer.
    SHMT2-IN-1
  • HY-115713
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-2 is a novel heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.95 μM) with potent in vitro antiproliferative activity.
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-2
  • HY-175175
    MAPK-IN-5
    		Agonist
    MAPK-IN-5 is a potent MAPK inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.35 μM against HeLa cells. MAPK-IN-5 inhibits HeLa cell proliferation by inducing ROS-mediated DNA damage and mitochondrial apoptosis via the MAPK pathway. MAPK-IN-5 significantly inhibits colony formation, reduces the number of live cells, suppresses cell migration, and causes cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in HeLa cells. MAPK-IN-5 can be used for the study of cervical cancer.
    MAPK-IN-5
  • HY-W722562
    Trimethylamine oxide-15N
    		99.93%
    Trimethylamine oxide-15N is the deuterium labeled Trimethylamine N-oxide (HY-116084). Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.
    Trimethylamine oxide-<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-155644
    ROS inducer 1
    		Inducer
    ROS inducer 1 (compound I29) is a fungicide, with EC50 against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) of 5.73, 6.62 and 9.05 μg/mL. ROS inducer 1 can effectively induce the production of ROS in Xanthomonas cells and inhibit rice bacterial blight. ROS inducer 1 has the potential to study bacterial infection in crops.
    ROS inducer 1
  • HY-W354203
    N'-Isonicotinoylisonicotinohydrazide
    		Inhibitor
    N'-Isonicotinoylisonicotinohydrazide (Compound 7, 1,2-Diisonicotinoylhydrazine) is a competitive inhibitor (IC50=5-30 μM) of bacterial heme oxygenase (HO). N'-Isonicotinoylisonicotinohydrazide inhibits iron release and bacterial iron acquisition. N'-Isonicotinoylisonicotinohydrazide exhibits selective activity against HO enzymes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria meningitidis. N'-Isonicotinoylisonicotinohydrazide is promising for research of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
    N'-Isonicotinoylisonicotinohydrazide
  • HY-142098
    3′-Hydroxy-4′-O-methylglabridin
    		Inhibitor
    3′-Hydroxy-4′-O-methylglabridin is an antioxidant that is effective at preventing NADH-dependent peroxidation.
    3′-Hydroxy-4′-O-methylglabridin
  • HY-121014
    Amphimedine
    		Inducer
    Amphimedine is a polycyclic alkaloid isolated from the marine sponge Amphimedon sp. and belongs to the pyridoindole alkaloid class. Amphimedine has cytotoxic activity and has been studied as an anticancer metabolite along with neoamphimedine. Studies have shown that deoxyamphimedine damages DNA by generating reactive oxygen species, a mechanism different from that of amphimedine.
    Amphimedine
  • HY-178239
    DX-8951 Hydroxy-acid
    		Inhibitor
    ProAX is a prodrug of phosphoramide. ProAX can effectively increase intracellular ATP levels. ProAX activates the AMPK signaling pathway by increasing the AMP/ATP ratio. ProAX can enhance mitochondrial function and antioxidant capacity while reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ProAX has shown significant anti-aging and longevity effects in both human fibroblast and nematode models.
    DX-8951 Hydroxy-acid
  • HY-12643R
    Eprinomectin (Standard)
    Eprinomectin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Eprinomectin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Eprinomectin is a type of avermectin. Eprinomectin, as a broad-spectrum fungicide, has insecticidal, insecticidal and acaricidal activities. Eprinomectin induces apoptosis and autophagy in prostate cancer cells and has antitumor activity.
    Eprinomectin (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity