2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2410R
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-trans-Feruloyltyramine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (N-feruloyltyramine), an alkaloid, is a potent antioxidant. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine improves H2O2-induced intracellular ROS generation and decreases apoptosis. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine has the potential for oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative conditions and cancer research.
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (Standard)
  • HY-B1125S
    Glucosamine-13C6
    Glucosamine-13C6 (D-Glucosamine-13C6) is 13C labeled Glucosamine. Glucosamine (D-Glucosamine) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.
    Glucosamine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N0716
    Berberine
    		Activator
    Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, as an antibiotic. Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) has antineoplastic properties. The sulfate form (HY-N0716B) improves bioavailability.
    Berberine
  • HY-147548
    Keap1-Nrf2-IN-10
    		Inhibitor
    Keap1-Nrf2-IN-10 (compound 15) is a potent NQO1 inducer. Keap1-Nrf2-IN-10 inhibits oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of MDA, ROS, NQO1 in the liver for gamma-irradiated mice. Keap1-Nrf2-IN-10 improves the survival of gamma-irradiated mice.
    Keap1-Nrf2-IN-10
  • HY-105935R
    Keracyanin chloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Keracyanin (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Keracyanin (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Keracyanin chloride inhibits NF-κB/FAK/MAPK signaling pathway. Keracyanin chloride exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic effects, and is orally active.
    Keracyanin chloride (Standard)
  • HY-N8857
    Parvifolixanthone A
    		Inhibitor
    Parvifolixanthone A is a xanthone compound that can be isolated from Garcinia parvifolia. Parvifolixanthone A exhibits antioxidant activity with IC50 of submicromolar level (0.18–0.38 μM).
    Parvifolixanthone A
  • HY-B0688S3
    Dapsone-15N2
    Dapsone-15N2 (4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone-15N2) is 15N labeled Dapsone. Dapsone (4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone) is an orally active and blood-brain penetrant sulfonamide antibiotic with bacteriostatic, antimycobacterial and antiprotozoal activities. Dapsone?exerts effective antileprosy activity?and inhibits folate synthesis in cell extracts of?M. leprae. Dapsone is used for dermatologic disorder research, including leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, acne vulgaris et al.
    Dapsone-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-W699318
    1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol
    		Inhibitor
    1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol is a diacylglycerol in which an oleic acid and a palmitic acid are attached to sn-1 and sn-2 position. 1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol enhances the inhibition of superoxide anion production induced by fMLF/cytochalasin B (CB) in human neutrophils. 1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol can be used in research about lipid metabolism, membrane fluidity, or the distribution and function of lipids in cells.
    1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol
  • HY-N1181R
    Tamarixetin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tamarixetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tamarixetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tamarixetin (4'-O-Methyl Quercetin) is an orally active natural flavonoid derivative of quercetin and caseinolytic protease p (ClpP) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor effects. Tamarixetin inhibits the hydrolytic activity of ClpP to the fluorescent substrate Suc-LY-AMC with an IC50 of 49.73 μM, which can be used for the study of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Tamarixetin inhibits tumor cell growth, induces apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Tamarixetin prevents cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the NFAT and AKT pathways.
    Tamarixetin (Standard)
  • HY-121204R
    Iberverin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Iberverin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Iberverin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Iberverin (-Methylthiopropyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane homolog. Iberverin has anticancer activity. Iberverin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Iberverin induces mitochondrial-related apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species[1].
    Iberverin (Standard)
  • HY-B0847R
    Propiconazole (Standard)
    		Activator
    Propiconazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propiconazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propiconazole is an orally active N-substituted triazole used as a fungicide. Propiconazole is a mouse liver hepatotoxicant and a hepatocarcinogen that has adverse reproductive and developmental toxicities in experimental animals.
    Propiconazole (Standard)
  • HY-B1115AR
    Buspirone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Buspirone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Buspirone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Buspirone is an orally active 5-HT1A receptor agonist, and a dopamine D2 autoreceptorsant antagonist. Buspirone is an anxiolytic agent, and can be used for the generalized anxiety disorder research.
    Buspirone (Standard)
  • HY-105191
    Azalanstat
    		Inhibitor
    Azalanstat is an imidazole-dioxolane derivate that is a lanosterol 14-α demethylase inhibitor. Azalanstat is also a HO-1 (IC50 = 5.5 µM) and HO-2 (IC50 = 24.5 µM) inhibitor.
    Azalanstat
  • HY-119975
    Carazostatin
    		Inhibitor
    Carazostatin (DC118), an antioxidant, can be isolated from Streptomycs chromofuscus. Carazostatin (DC118) exhibits strong inhibitory activity against free radical-induced lipid peroxidation and shows stronger antioxidant activity in liposomal membranes than α-tocopherol (VE).
    Carazostatin
  • HY-B0688R
    Dapsone (Standard)
    		99.77%
    Dapsone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dapsone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dapsone (4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone) is an orally active and blood-brain penetrant sulfonamide antibiotic with bacteriostatic, antimycobacterial and antiprotozoal activities. Dapsone exerts effective antileprosy activity and inhibits folate synthesis in cell extracts of M. leprae. Dapsone is used for dermatologic disorder research, including leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, acne vulgaris et al.
    Dapsone (Standard)
  • HY-148296
    4-Methoxyestradiol
    		Agonist
    4-Methoxyestradiol is methoxylestradiol that induces oxidative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells. 4-Methoxyestradiol also elevates ROS and SOD activities in H1355 cells.
    4-Methoxyestradiol
  • HY-125670
    Lanceolarin
    		Inhibitor
    Lanceolarin is an isoflavone compound isolated from the Andira inermis plant with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities.
    Lanceolarin
  • HY-W015600R
    2-Acetamidophenol (Standard)
    		Activator
    2-Acetamidophenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Acetamidophenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Acetamidophenol (Orthocetamol) is a regulator that targets ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathways, is the ortho-regioisomer of Paracetamol (HY-66005). 2-Acetamidophenol has anti-atherosclerotic activity, and inhibiting total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model with IC50s for 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively. 2-Acetamidophenol upregulates the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes (such as GCLC, GCLM, GSS) and iron ion transport genes (such as FPN1, FTH), reduces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions (Fe2+), and enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase GPX4, thereby inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and foam cell formation.
    2-Acetamidophenol (Standard)
  • HY-N7137S
    Norgestrel-d5
    		Inhibitor
    Norgestrel-d5 is deuterium-labeled Norgestrel (HY-N7137).
    Norgestrel-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-116920B
    (S)-Alyssin
    		Activator
    (S)-Alyssin is a enantiomer of Alyssin (HY-116920). Alyssin, found in Cruciferous Vegetables, exerts anticancer activity in HepG2 by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and tubulin depolymerization.
    (S)-Alyssin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity