2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N10312
    Yadanzigan
    		Inhibitor
    Yadanzigan (YDZG) is an anti-inflammatory agent and a NLRP3 inhibitor. Yadanzigan specifically inhibits NLRP3 activation via inhibiting NF-κB pathway and Reactive Oxygen Species production. Yadanzigan also moderates LPS (HY-D1056)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.
    Yadanzigan
  • HY-162135
    MAT2A-IN-14
    		Inducer
    MAT2A-IN-14 (compound H3) is a MAT2A inhibitor, and generates reactive oxygen species after sonication to specifically degrade cellular MAT2A via rapid oxidative reactions. Combination of MAT2A-IN-14 and sonication induces 87% MAT2A depletion in human colon cancer cell.
    MAT2A-IN-14
  • HY-N6884R
    Bixin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Bixin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bixin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications.Bixin is an orally active carotenoid found in the seeds of Bixa orellana. Bixin induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Bixin possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. Bixin treatment ameliorated cardiac dysfunction through inhibiting fibrosis, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
    Bixin (Standard)
  • HY-155554
    SCAL-255
    		Activator 99.15%
    SCAL-255 is a potent mitochondrial complex I (CI) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.14 μM. SCAL-255 blocks mitochondrial function, inhibits oxygen consumption rate (OCR), induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and reduces MMP. SCAL-255 can be used in the research of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent cancers, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), etc.
    SCAL-255
  • HY-173307
    Nrf2 activator 19
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2 activator 19 is a BBB-penetrable NRF2/HO-1 activator. Nrf2 activator 19 exerts potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Nrf2 activator 19 can also effectively reduce brain damage, reduce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation. Nrf2 activator 19 inhibits neuronal apoptosis. Nrf2 activator 19 promotes the recovery of neurological function and motor ability. Nrf2 activator 19 shows significant potential in ischemic stroke research.
    Nrf2 activator 19
  • HY-159111
    KS124
    		Inducer
    KS124 (compound 3) is a potent ALDH inhibitor. KS124 shows inhibition for ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, ALDH3A1. KS124 shows antiproliferative activity. KS124 induces apoptosis and ROS production.
    KS124
  • HY-N9534
    Xylopine
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    Xylopine is an aporphine alkaloid with cytotoxic activity on cancer cells. Xylopine induces oxidative stress, causes G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.
    Xylopine
  • HY-149998
    Antimycobacterial agent-5
    		Inducer
    Antimycobacterial agent-5 (compound 27) is an imidazopyridine amide targeting mycobacterial electron transport chain (ETC) airway CIII2CIV2 supercomplexes. The IC50 value of Antimycobacterial agent-5 against Mycobacterium smegmatisCIII2CIV2 is 441 nM.
    Antimycobacterial agent-5
  • HY-N2585
    Isodeoxyelephantopin
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Isodeoxyelephantopin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Elephantopus scaber. Isodeoxyelephantopin induces ROS generation, suppresses NF-κB activation. Isodeoxyelephantopin also modulates LncRNA expression and exhibit activities against breast cancer.
    Isodeoxyelephantopin
  • HY-167825
    Barakol
    		Inducer
    Barakol is a major compound found in Cassia siamea. Barakol inhibits MMP-3 activity. Barakol potentiates the anti-metastatic effect of Doxorubicin (HY-15142). Barakol induces apoptosis, with ROS generation, increase in expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-9 activation. Barakol has laxative, anxiolytic, CNS depressant, and antioxidant, anticancer effects.
    Barakol
  • HY-B0916S
    Propoxur-d3
    		Activator
    Propoxur-d3 is the deuterated form of Propoxur (HY-B0916). Propoxur is a reversible, competitive, orally active AChE inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Propoxur inhibits AChE activity to induce neurotoxicity, while promoting MMP-2 expression and enhancing tumor cell migration and invasion by inducing intracellular ROS generation and activating the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. On the one hand, Propoxur inhibits AChE, leading to acetylcholine accumulation and causing neurological dysfunction; on the other hand, it promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation through ROS-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and upregulates MMP-2 and other invasion-related proteins. Propoxur is also a carbamate insecticide used to combat turf, forestry, and household pests.
    Propoxur-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-170572
    PB01
    		Inhibitor
    PB01 is a DPP-4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 15.66 nM. It effectively inhibits high glucose-induced ROS production and mitochondrial superoxide formation while significantly reducing cellular DPP-4 expression. PB01 can also significantly lower blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. Additionally, PB01 demonstrates good safety, exhibiting almost no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 μM. PB01 holds potential for research in the field of diabetes.
    PB01
  • HY-162319
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
    		Inducer
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 (compound 9n) is a dual Tubulin and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.73, 0.43, 0.62, 2.34 µM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC7, respectively. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 inhibits the tubulin polymerization by targeting the colchicine binding site. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces a significant elevation of intracellular ROS levels. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 shows anti-angiogenesis activity and anticancer activity.
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
  • HY-N6872R
    Actein (Standard)
    		Activator
    Actein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Actein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Actein, a triterpene glycoside, shows an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. Actein suppresses cell proliferation, induces autophagy and apoptosis through promoting ROS/JNK activation, and blunting AKT pathway in bladder cancer. Actein has little toxicity in vivo.
    Actein (Standard)
  • HY-N12649
    Timosaponin E2
    		Inhibitor
    Timosaponin E2 is an antiinflammatory agent, and inhibits active oxygen production.
    Timosaponin E2
  • HY-163880
    EGFR-IN-119
    		Inhibitor
    EGFR-IN-119 (Compound 5l) is an inhibitor for EGFR with an IC50 of 84.3 nM. EGFR-IN-119 inhibits the cytotoxicity in lung cancer cell A549 with an IC50 of 1.34 μM. EGFR-IN-119 downregulates the expressions of EGFR, KRAS, and MAP2K genes, exhibits antioxidant activity through reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hyperpolarizes the mitochondrial membrane potential.
    EGFR-IN-119
  • HY-149404
    Tyrosinase-IN-12
    		99.83%
    Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) is a potent, non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 49.33 ± 2.64 µM and Ki value of 31.25 ± 0.25 µM. Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) have the highest radical scavenging activity to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an IC50 value of 25.39 ± 0.77 µM. Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) can be used for anti-browning substances in the food and agricultural sectors.
    Tyrosinase-IN-12
  • HY-16516R
    Vitamin CK3 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Vitamin CK3 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vitamin CK3. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vitamin CK3 is the combination of Vitamin C and vitamin K3 (100:1 ratio) and has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and lung metastasis.
    Vitamin CK3 (Standard)
  • HY-155785
    MTP
    		Inducer
    MTP is a PKM2 inhibitor. MTP induces cancer cell apoptosis by modulating caspase-3 activation. MTP induces autophagy and increases ROS generation. MTP also inhibits JAK2 signaling. MTP can be used for research of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
    MTP
  • HY-149029
    TH-6
    		Inducer
    TH-6 is a potent HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 0.115, 0.135, 0.242, 0.138, 2.120 µM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, respectively. TH-6 inhibits cell migration and invasion. TH-6 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. TH-6 shows anti-tumor activity.
    TH-6
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity