2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2303
    Eriocalyxin B
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Eriocalyxin B is a diterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Chinese herb Isodon eriocalyx. Eriocalyxin B exhibits multiple activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and inhibition of adipogenesis. Eriocalyxin B is capable of inducing apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells. Eriocalyxin B can be used in the research of cancers, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions.
    Eriocalyxin B
  • HY-118982
    CT-2584
    		Inducer
    CT-2584 is a chemotherapeutic compound that reduces the expression of NKEF-B in several tumor cell types and kills tumor cells by inducing the production of ROS in mitochondria, commonly used in cancer research.
    CT-2584
  • HY-N0055R
    Chlorogenic acid (Standard)
    Chlorogenic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chlorogenic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound.
    Chlorogenic acid (Standard)
  • HY-17363R
    Dimethyl fumarate (Standard)
    		Activator
    Dimethyl fumarate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dimethyl fumarate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally active and brain-penetrant Nrf2 activator and induces upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway, and also induces cell autophagy. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for multiple sclerosis research.
    Dimethyl fumarate (Standard)
  • HY-W002016
    Phthalazine
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Phthalazine is a substrate for human aldehyde oxidase 1, which can lead to the production of ROS and subsequent enzyme inactivation.
    Phthalazine
  • HY-N2784
    8-Prenyldaidzein
    		Inhibitor 99.53%
    8-Prenyldaidzein is an isoflavonoid, that can be isolated from Bituminaria morisiana. 8-Prenyldaidzein shows antioxidant activity.
    8-Prenyldaidzein
  • HY-14781S1
    Levomefolic acid-13C,d3
    		98.41%
    Levomefolic acid-13C,d3 is the deuterium labeled Levomefolic acid (HY-14781). Levomefolic acid (5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements.
    Levomefolic acid-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W001542
    5-Hydroxyoxindole
    		Inhibitor
    5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid. 5-Hydroxyoxindole has DPPH radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation-inhibitory activities. 5-Hydroxyoxindole can be used for the research of oxidative stress-mediated disorders.
    5-Hydroxyoxindole
  • HY-B0356AS1
    Ciprofloxacin-13C3,15N monohydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.9%
    Ciprofloxacin-13C3,15N (Bay-09867-13C3,15N) monohydrochloride is 13C- and 15N-labeled Ciprofloxacin (monohydrochloride) (HY-B0356A).
    Ciprofloxacin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N monohydrochloride
  • HY-D0844R
    Glutathione oxidized (Standard)
    Glutathione oxidized (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glutathione oxidized. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glutathione oxidized (L-Glutathione oxidized) is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes.
    Glutathione oxidized (Standard)
  • HY-N4068R
    Glucoraphanin (Standard)
    Glucoraphanin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glucoraphanin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glucoraphanin, a natural glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetable, is a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects.
    Glucoraphanin (Standard)
  • HY-12033S2
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d5
    		Activator 98.67%
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa.
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-117433S
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4
    		Activator
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4 is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide is the active metabolite form of the proagent Cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide crosslinks DNA and induces T cell apoptosis independent of death receptor activation, but activates mitochondrial death pathways through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide has the potential for lymphomas and autoimmune disorders.
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-125616
    Biotinoyl tripeptide-1
    		Inhibitor 99.69%
    Biotinoyl tripeptide-1 (Biotinyl-GHK) is a biotinylating reagent linked to a GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) tripeptide. Biotin tripeptide-1 is a bioactive peptide with hair care (improves the appearance and feel of hair) and hair growth effects. Biotinoyl tripeptide-1 has a certain affinity for streptavidin. Biotinoyl tripeptide-1 inhibits the production of ROS and has antioxidant effects. Biotinoyl tripeptide-1 reduces the production of carbonylated amyloid-β (Aβ) and inhibits Aβ aggregation. Biotinoyl tripeptide-1 can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
    Biotinoyl tripeptide-1
  • HY-B2130S
    Uric acid-13C,15N3
    		99.20%
    Uric acid-13C,15N3 is the 13C-labeled and 15N-labeled Uric acid. Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Uric acid-<sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N6623
    Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride, an anthocyanin monomer, induces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells cycle arrest and apoptosis. Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride inhibits the production and accumulation of ROS. Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride has anti-tumor function.
    Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride
  • HY-134608
    Cobalt protoporphyrin IX
    		Inducer
    Cobalt protoporphyrin IX (Co-PPIX) is a potent and specific heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducer. Cobalt protoporphyrin IX exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activities against Influenza A virus (IAV).
    Cobalt protoporphyrin IX
  • HY-B1106A
    Tetrahydroxyquinone monohydrate
    		Activator
    Tetrahydroxyquinone monohydrate (Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone monohydrate), a primitive anticataract agent, is a redox active benzoquinone. Tetrahydroxyquinone monohydrate can take part in a redox cycle with semiquinone radicals, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Tetrahydroxyquinone monohydrate
  • HY-N0733S3
    Glucosamine-6-13C hydrochloride
    		≥98.0%
    Glucosamine-6-13C (hydrochloride) is the 13C labeled Glucosamine hydrochloride. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as
    Glucosamine-6-<sup>13</sup>C hydrochloride
  • HY-106592A
    U-74389G
    		Inhibitor 98.64%
    U-74389G (PNU74389G meleate) is an antioxidant, can inhibit lipid peroxidation reactions. U-74389G can protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury and be widely used in animal models of ischemic injury and hypertension. U-74389G shows anti-inflammatory activity.
    U-74389G
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity