2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N3243
    Moracin P
    		Inhibitor 99.57%
    Moracin P is a 2-arylbenzofuran isolated from the Mori Cortex Radicis. Moracin P exhibits potent in vitro inhibitory activity against hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1). Moracin P reduces oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moracin P has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Moracin P
  • HY-109654
    Ensulizole
    		99.10%
    Ensulizole is a sulfonated UV absorber and can intense UVB and partial UVA absorption. Ensulizole can damage the DNA through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon UV or sunlight irradiation.
    Ensulizole
  • HY-W160560
    4-Vinylsyringol
    		Inhibitor
    4-Vinylsyringol is a phenolic compound with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which can be isolated from rapeseed oil.
    4-Vinylsyringol
  • HY-N1778A
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is the less active isomer of 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway. Anti-apoptotic effects.
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid
  • HY-B1978
    Iprodione
    		Activator 99.25%
    Iprodione is an orally active diformimide fungicide. Iprodione can specifically cause oxidative damage by producing free radicals (ROS). Iprodione is also an antiandrogen agent that delays adolescent development in rats and reduces sexual behavior and reproductive ability in rats.
    Iprodione
  • HY-N7063
    Nerol
    		Activator 98.97%
    Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity.
    Nerol
  • HY-B1428
    2-Ethoxybenzamide
    		Inducer 99.82%
    2-Ethoxybenzamide (Ethenzamide) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that shows analgesic and antipyretic effects. 2-Ethoxybenzamide induces melanin synthesis via cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. 2-Ethoxybenzamide can be used in the research of hypopigmentation and inflammation-related diseases.
    2-Ethoxybenzamide
  • HY-N8418
    Cearoin
    		Activator 99.09%
    Cearoin increases autophagy and apoptosis through the production of ROS and the activation of ERK.
    Cearoin
  • HY-116364B
    AZT triphosphate tetraammonium
    		Activator 99.25%
    AZT triphosphate (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate) tetraammonium is an active triphosphate metabolite of Zidovudine (AZT). AZT triphosphate tetraammonium exhibits antiretroviral activity and inhibits replication of HIV. AZT triphosphate tetraammonium also inhibits the DNA polymerase of HBV. AZT triphosphate tetraammonium activates the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway.
    AZT triphosphate tetraammonium
  • HY-19416
    AEOL-10150 pentachloride
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    AEOL-10150 pentachloride is a metalloporphyrin-catalyzed antioxidant and a superoxide dismutase mimetic. AEOL-10150 pentachloride scavenges ROS and RNS, and modulates the NF-κB signaling pathway. AEOL-10150 pentachloride has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. AEOL-10150 pentachloride effectively mitigates tissue damage caused by radiation and chemical agents such as CEES (HY-W199190). AEOL-10150 pentachloride synergizes with radiotherapy to exert anticancer effects on prostate tumors.
    AEOL-10150 pentachloride
  • HY-134900
    Allyl methyl trisulfide
    		Inhibitor
    Allyl methyl trisulfide is a volatile organic compound and a component of garlic (Allium sativum L.) essential oil, which has antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor activities.
    Allyl methyl trisulfide
  • HY-123581
    Quinocetone
    		Agonist 98.00%
    Quinocetone is an orally active animal feed additive used to increase the meat production of livestock and poultry. Quinocetone exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Quinocetone exhibits tissue-specific (liver, lymphocyte) toxicity. Quinocetone induces autophagy in cells through the ATF6/DAPK1 pathway. Quinocetone activates the NF-κB and iNOS pathways, leading to cell apoptosis, hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration and fibrosis. Quinocetone can inhibit Nrf2/HO-1 and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage.
    Quinocetone
  • HY-121577
    Sonlicromanol
    		Modulator 99.75%
    Sonlicromanol (KH176) is an orally active reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator for the study in mitochondrial disease.
    Sonlicromanol
  • HY-A0278
    Hexaconazole
    		98.11%
    Hexaconazole is a demethylation enzyme inhibitor and a synthetic fungicide that targets many fungi, especially ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, and it can enhance the activity of SOD and peroxidase. Hexaconazole causes endocrine disorders in zebrafish larvae.
    Hexaconazole
  • HY-125365
    Rifamycin S
    		Activator 98.82%
    Rifamycin S, a quinone, is an antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria (including MRSA). Rifamycin S is the oxidized forms of a reversible oxidation-reduction system involving two electrons. Rifamycin S generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits microsomal lipid peroxidation. Rifamycin S can be used for tuberculosis and leprosy.
    Rifamycin S
  • HY-114977
    Avenanthramide A
    		Inducer 99.20%
    Avenanthramide A is a phytoalexin, which can be found in oats (Avena sativa L.). Avenanthramide A targets the RNA helicase DDX3, leads to mitochondrial swelling and increased ROS production, and induces apoptosis in CRC cells. Avenanthramide A exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model. Avenanthramide A orally active.
    Avenanthramide A
  • HY-N2853
    D-α-Tocopherylquinone
    		98.92%
    D-α-Tocopherylquinone (α-Tocopherylquinone) is a quinone, can be isolated from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. D-α-Tocopherylquinone is an oxidation product of α-Tocopherol (vitamin E). D-α-Tocopherylquinone can act as an anticoagulant and as an antioxidant. D-α-Tocopherylquinone reduces cellular oxidative damage produced by oxidized lipids. D-α-Tocopherylquinone binds to a liver cytosolic protein with a molecular mass of about 40 kDa. D-α-Tocopherylquinone binds to glurathione-S-transferase (GST) and can be transported to the site of metabolism or excreted in the bile.
    D-α-Tocopherylquinone
  • HY-B1106
    Tetrahydroxyquinone
    		Activator 98.0%
    Tetrahydroxyquinone (Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone), a primitive anticataract agent, is a redox active benzoquinone. Tetrahydroxyquinone can take part in a redox cycle with semiquinone radicals, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Tetrahydroxyquinone
  • HY-W010417
    4-Thiouracil
    		Inducer 99.98%
    4-Thiouracil is a thionucleobase with cytostatic properties. 4-Thiouracil can be used as biological photoprobes to detect RNA structures and nucleic acid-nucleic acid contacts. 4-Thiouracil can also act as a strong ultraviolet A (UVA) photosensitizer, providing a source of the reactive oxygen species of O2. 4-Thiouracil is promising for research of photocross linking, photodamage, as well as photodynamic therapy.
    4-Thiouracil
  • HY-N1214R
    Squalene (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Squalene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Squalene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Squalene (Super Squalene) is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitumour activity.
    Squalene (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity