2. Anti-infection Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Apoptosis Autophagy NF-κB Immunology/Inflammation Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Antibiotic Bacterial ATF6 DAPK Autophagy NF-κB NO Synthase Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Keap1-Nrf2 Heme Oxygenase (HO)
  4. Quinocetone

Quinocetone is an orally active animal feed additive used to increase the meat production of livestock and poultry. Quinocetone exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Quinocetone exhibits tissue-specific (liver, lymphocyte) toxicity. Quinocetone induces autophagy in cells through the ATF6/DAPK1 pathway. Quinocetone activates the NF-κB and iNOS pathways, leading to cell apoptosis, hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration and fibrosis. Quinocetone can inhibit Nrf2/HO-1 and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage.

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Quinocetone

Quinocetone Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 81810-66-4

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Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Quinocetone:

Quinocetone Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

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Aminoglycoside Glycopeptide Lipopeptide Macrolide Oxazolidinone Quinolone Tetracycline β-lactam

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NF-κB NF-κB1/p50 RelA/p65 RelB c-Rel

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nNOS iNOS eNOS

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HO-1 HO-2

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Quinocetone is an orally active animal feed additive used to increase the meat production of livestock and poultry. Quinocetone exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Quinocetone exhibits tissue-specific (liver, lymphocyte) toxicity. Quinocetone induces autophagy in cells through the ATF6/DAPK1 pathway. Quinocetone activates the NF-κB and iNOS pathways, leading to cell apoptosis, hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration and fibrosis. Quinocetone can inhibit Nrf2/HO-1 and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage[1][2][3][4].

IC50 & Target[2][3][4]

NF-κB

 

iNOS

 

DAPK1

 

HO-1

 

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
CCRF-CEM IC50
5.92 μM
Compound: 3a
Growth inhibition of human CEM cells after 3 days
Growth inhibition of human CEM cells after 3 days
[PMID: 19427790]
HL-60 CC50
4.1 μM
Compound: 3a
Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs
Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs
[PMID: 19427790]
HSC-2 CC50
8.4 μM
Compound: 3a
Cytotoxicity against human HSC2 cells after 48 hrs
Cytotoxicity against human HSC2 cells after 48 hrs
[PMID: 19427790]
HSC-3 CC50
9.7 μM
Compound: 3a
Cytotoxicity against human HSC3 cells after 48 hrs
Cytotoxicity against human HSC3 cells after 48 hrs
[PMID: 19427790]
HSC-4 CC50
9.6 μM
Compound: 3a
Cytotoxicity against human HSC4 cells after 48 hrs
Cytotoxicity against human HSC4 cells after 48 hrs
[PMID: 19427790]
MOLT-4 IC50
6.76 μM
Compound: 3a
Growth inhibition of human Molt4/C8 cells after 3 days
Growth inhibition of human Molt4/C8 cells after 3 days
[PMID: 19427790]
In Vitro

Quinocetone is active against Microsporum canis, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with MICs of 8, 8 and 16 μg/mL but shows no significant inhibitory effect on various animal viruses including bursal disease virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine parvovirus and classical swine fever virus[1].
Quinocetone (0-10 μg/mL, 0-24 h) triggers ER stress-induced autophagy via ATF6/DAPK1-modulated mAtg9a trafficking in HepG2 cells[2].
Quinocetone (0-20 μg/mL, 6-24 h) inhibits in human peripheral lymphocytes growth, triggers ROS increase and induced DNA damage[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Quinocetone Related Antibodies

Western Blot Analysis[2].

Cell Line: HepG2 cells
Concentration: 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 h
Result: Significantly increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio.
Dose-dependently upregulated BiP and CHOP expression and increased ATF6 cleavage.
Significantly upregulated DAPK1 expression and MRLC phosphorylation.

RT-PCR[2].

Cell Line: HepG2 cells
Concentration: 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 h
Result: Increased BiP, HerpUD and sec24D transcription.
Increased DAPK1 mRNA.
In Vivo

Quinocetone (50-2400 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 13 weeks)-induced Nrf2/HO-1 pathway suppression aggravates hepatocyte damage of Sprague-Dawley rats at high dose[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Hepatocyte damage assay established in adult male SD rats[4]
Dosage: 50, 800 and 2400 mg/kg
Administration: Intragastrical administration (p.o.), once daily for 13 weeks
Result: Kept all rats survived and no obviously significant changes were observed in mortality, illness and clinical signs.
Induced liver damage and liver was likely to be the target organ at high dose.
Aggravated ROS accumulation in liver and aggravated DNA damage at high dose.
Aggravated inflammation and apoptosis of hepatocyte at high dose.
Inhibited aggravated inflammation and apoptosis of hepatocyte at high dose.
Molecular Weight

306.32

Formula

C18H14N2O3
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to yellow

SMILES

O=C(C1=C(C)[N+]([O-])=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]1[O-])/C=C/C3=CC=CC=C3
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (326.46 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.2646 mL 16.3228 mL 32.6456 mL
5 mM 0.6529 mL 3.2646 mL 6.5291 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

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C2

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In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.2646 mL 16.3228 mL 32.6456 mL 81.6140 mL
5 mM 0.6529 mL 3.2646 mL 6.5291 mL 16.3228 mL
10 mM 0.3265 mL 1.6323 mL 3.2646 mL 8.1614 mL
15 mM 0.2176 mL 1.0882 mL 2.1764 mL 5.4409 mL
20 mM 0.1632 mL 0.8161 mL 1.6323 mL 4.0807 mL
25 mM 0.1306 mL 0.6529 mL 1.3058 mL 3.2646 mL
30 mM 0.1088 mL 0.5441 mL 1.0882 mL 2.7205 mL
40 mM 0.0816 mL 0.4081 mL 0.8161 mL 2.0403 mL
50 mM 0.0653 mL 0.3265 mL 0.6529 mL 1.6323 mL
60 mM 0.0544 mL 0.2720 mL 0.5441 mL 1.3602 mL
80 mM 0.0408 mL 0.2040 mL 0.4081 mL 1.0202 mL
100 mM 0.0326 mL 0.1632 mL 0.3265 mL 0.8161 mL
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Quinocetone Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Quinocetone81810-66-4AntibioticBacterialATF6DAPKAutophagyNF-κBNO SynthaseApoptosisReactive Oxygen Species (ROS)Keap1-Nrf2Heme Oxygenase (HO)Activating transcription factor 6Death associated protein kinaseNuclear factor-κBNuclear factor-kappaBNitric oxide synthasesNOSHeme OxygenaseNrf2/HO-1 pathwayOxidative stressCytotoxicityDNA damageGenotoxicityHuman lymphocytesInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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