2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-121713
    Aniline mustard
    		Inducer 99.36%
    Aniline mustard (N, n-BIS (2-chloroethyl) aniline) is an anticancer agent.
    Aniline mustard
  • HY-121577
    Sonlicromanol
    		Modulator 99.75%
    Sonlicromanol (KH176) is an orally active reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator for the study in mitochondrial disease.
    Sonlicromanol
  • HY-W010382R
    Oxaloacetic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Oxaloacetic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxaloacetic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxaloacetic acid (2-Oxosuccinic acid) is a metabolic intermediate involved in several ways, such as citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis, whereby Oxaloacetic acid facilitates the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves mitochondrial function.
    Oxaloacetic acid (Standard)
  • HY-A0278
    Hexaconazole
    		98.11%
    Hexaconazole is a demethylation enzyme inhibitor and a synthetic fungicide that targets many fungi, especially ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, and it can enhance the activity of SOD and peroxidase. Hexaconazole causes endocrine disorders in zebrafish larvae.
    Hexaconazole
  • HY-125365
    Rifamycin S
    		Activator 98.82%
    Rifamycin S, a quinone, is an antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria (including MRSA). Rifamycin S is the oxidized forms of a reversible oxidation-reduction system involving two electrons. Rifamycin S generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits microsomal lipid peroxidation. Rifamycin S can be used for tuberculosis and leprosy.
    Rifamycin S
  • HY-N7798
    Pennogenin
    		99.90%
    Pennogenin is a bioactive component which can be isolated from T. govanianum rhizomes. Pennogenin exhibits significant in vitro inhibitory effect on release of ROS.
    Pennogenin
  • HY-134545
    N-Arachidonoyl-L-alanine
    		≥99.0%
    N-Arachidonoyl-L-alanine is an endocannabinoid analog with anti-cancer effects. N- Arachidonoyl-L-alanine kills HNSCC cells through 5-LO-mediated ROS productio.
    N-Arachidonoyl-L-alanine
  • HY-17363S1
    Dimethyl fumarate-d2
    		99.20%
    Dimethyl fumarate-d2 is the deuterium labeled Dimethyl fumarate. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally active and brain-penetrant Nrf2 activator and induces upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway, and also induces cell autophagy. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for multiple sclerosis research.
    Dimethyl fumarate-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-W196368
    Thymohydroquinone
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Thymohydroquinone is a monoterpene molecule. Thymohydroquinone has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thymohydroquinone can be used for pharmacokinetic studies and regulatory toxicity studies .
    Thymohydroquinone
  • HY-N0111R
    Coenzyme Q10 (Standard)
    Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q10. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.
    Coenzyme Q10 (Standard)
  • HY-N0523R
    Gallic acid (Standard)
    Gallic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N1214R
    Squalene (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Squalene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Squalene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Squalene (Super Squalene) is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitumour activity.
    Squalene (Standard)
  • HY-164159
    α-Glucosylrutin
    		Inhibitor
    α-Glucosylrutin is a potent antioxidant with free radical scavenging activity. Due to its high epidermal bioavailability, α-Glucosylrutin can be used in the study of skin aging.
    α-Glucosylrutin
  • HY-B0215S
    Acetylcysteine-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Acetylcysteine-d3 is the deuterium labeled Acetylcysteine. Acetylcysteine (N-Acetylcysteine) is a mucolytic agent which reduces the thickness of the mucus. Acetylcysteine is a ROS inhibitor. Acetylcysteine is a cysteine precursor, prevents hemin-induced ferroptosis by neutralizing toxic lipids generated by arachidonate-dependent activity of 5-lipoxygenases. Acetylcysteine induces cell apoptosis. Acetylcysteine also has anti-influenza virus activities. In addition, Acetylcysteine is the most stable form of cysteine during drug delivery and can be used in disulfidptosis studies.
    Acetylcysteine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N1913A
    Danshensu sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    Danshensu (Dan shen suan A) sodium, an orally active phenolic compound, can induce Nrf2/HO-1 activation and inhibition of NF-κB pathway. Danshensu sodium reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, upregulates antioxidant defense mechanism and inhibits intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Danshensu sodium displays a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 of 0.97 μM. Danshensu sodium has anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-lung inflammatory and has the potential for COVID-19, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases research.
    Danshensu sodium
  • HY-B0166GL
    L-Ascorbic acid (GMP Like)
    		99.88%
    L-Ascorbic acid (GMP Like) is the GMP Like class L-Ascorbic acid (HY-B0166). L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate, Vitamin C), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells.
    L-Ascorbic acid (GMP Like)
  • HY-N7935
    Procyanidin B5
    		Inhibitor
    Procyanidin B5 is an antioxidant agent with an IC50 of 0.1 mM in mouse liver homogenate lipid peroxidation assay.
    Procyanidin B5
  • HY-101087
    Benzenesulphonamide
    		Inhibitor 99.51%
    Benzenesulphonamide (Compound 1) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Benzenesulphonamide exhibits CA II inhibitory activity. Benzenesulphonamide reduces ROS and improves the gene expression of amyloid-β40 and 42. Benzenesulphonamide is beneficial for Alzheimer's disease. Benzenesulphonamide derivatives have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticonvulsant activities. Benzenesulphonamide can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, inflammatory diseases, leukemia, melanoma, lung cancer, and colon cancer.
    Benzenesulphonamide
  • HY-106359A
    Delmitide acetate
    		98.55%
    Delmitide (RDP58) acetate is an orally active d-isomer decapeptide with potent anti-inflammatory activity. Delmitide acetate inhibits production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and interleukin (IL)-12, and up-regulates heme oxygenase 1 activity. Delmitide acetate can be used for the research of ulcerative colitis.
    Delmitide acetate
  • HY-W015600
    2-Acetamidophenol
    		Activator 99.61%
    2-Acetamidophenol (Orthocetamol) is a regulator that targets ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathways, is the ortho-regioisomer of Paracetamol (HY-66005). 2-Acetamidophenol has anti-atherosclerotic activity, and inhibiting total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model with IC50s for 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively. 2-Acetamidophenol upregulates the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes (such as GCLC, GCLM, GSS) and iron ion transport genes (such as FPN1, FTH), reduces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions (Fe2+), and enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase GPX4, thereby inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and foam cell formation.
    2-Acetamidophenol
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity