2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-169253
    ROS inducer 5
    		Inducer
    ROS inducer 5 (compound 6e) can induce intracellular ROS accumulation and subsequent nuclear fragmentation. ROS inducer 5 can induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 3.85 μM. ROS inducer 5 can be used in anticancer research.
    ROS inducer 5
  • HY-168953
    Lysosomal P-gp targeted agent 1
    		Inducer
    Lysosomal P-gp targeted agent 1 (Compound 14) is an anti-tumor agent targeting lysosomal P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Lysosomal P-gp targeted agent 1 is selectively transported into lysosomes by overexpressed Pgp, release nitric oxide (NO) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and inducing apoptosis. Lysosomal P-gp targeted agent 1 can overcome P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance and lead to cell cycle arrest, but relatively low toxicity to normal cells. Lysosomal P-gp targeted agent 1 has antitumor activity, significantly inhibits tumor volume.
    Lysosomal P-gp targeted agent 1
  • HY-N0527R
    Pentagalloylglucose (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Pentagalloylglucose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pentagalloylglucose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pentagalloylglucose (Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) is an orally active gallic tannin compound and an inducer of apoptosis and autophagy. Pentagalloglucose induces cell apoptosis and autophagy through the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Pentagalloylglucose inhibits UBE2T-mediated p53 ubiquitination, upregulates p53, downregulates RRM1/RRM2 in pancreatic cancer organoids. Pentagalloglucose has antioxidant, anti mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, cardioprotective, anti allergic, cholesterol lowering, and anti-tumor activities.
    Pentagalloylglucose (Standard)
  • HY-178441
    PKM2-IN-11
    		Inhibitor
    PKM2-IN-11 is a PKM2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.363 μM). PKM2-IN-11 has dual mechanisms involving pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibition and microtubule stabilization. PKM2-IN-11 can decrease PKM2 protein levels in MCF-7 cells. PKM2-IN-11 can slightly reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and significantly increase early apoptotic cells. PKM2-IN-11 induces G2/M phase arrest. PKM2-IN-11 can be used for the study of breast cancer.
    PKM2-IN-11
  • HY-156360
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-12
    		Inhibitor
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-12 (Compound 11) is a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor with an IC50 of 91 nM. Xanthine oxidase-IN-12 also has antioxidant activity and reduces intracellular ROS.
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-12
  • HY-N2910
    Auraptenol
    		Activator
    Auraptenol is a coumarin that can be isolated from the leaves of Murraya paniculata.
    Auraptenol
  • HY-B0688S2
    Dapsone-13C12
    Dapsone-13C12 is the 13C12 labeled Dapsone (HY-B0688). Dapsone (4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone) is an orally active and blood-brain penetrant sulfonamide antibiotic with bacteriostatic, antimycobacterial and antiprotozoal activities. Dapsone exerts effective antileprosy activity and inhibits folate synthesis in cell extracts of M. leprae. Dapsone is used for dermatologic disorder research, including leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, acne vulgaris et al.
    Dapsone-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>12</sub>
  • HY-172100
    p38-α MAPK-IN-8
    		Inducer
    p38-α MAPK-IN-8 (Compound 13) is a lipophilic cationic derivative. p38-α MAPK-IN-8 is cytotoxic to various tumor cells, and can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induce mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. The antitumor activity of p38-α MAPK-IN-8 may be related to p38α MAPK pathway, which can be used in the study of cancer.
    p38-α MAPK-IN-8
  • HY-128741S1
    D-Allose-13C-1
    		Inhibitor
    D-Allose-13C-1 is the 13C labeled D-Allose (HY-128741). D-Allose exhibits antitumor activity against various cancer cells. D-Allose scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces oxidative stress damage. D-Allose exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. D-Allose exhibits antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities.
    D-Allose-<sup>13</sup>C-1
  • HY-119186
    Axillarin
    		Inhibitor
    Axillarin is a natural flavonoid with anti-glycating and anti-oxidant effects.
    Axillarin
  • HY-172871
    Anti-inflammatory agent 102
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 102 (Compound 11a) is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent. Anti-inflammatory agent 102 exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by blocking the activation of the ASK1/p38 MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway. Anti-inflammatory agent 102 has significant anti-inflammatory activity and can inhibit the release of NO, ROS, and inflammatory factors (such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β). Anti-inflammatory agent 102 can be used in the study of inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC).
    Anti-inflammatory agent 102
  • HY-N0716AR
    Berberine hemisulfate (Standard)
    		Modulator
    Berberine (hemisulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Berberine (hemisulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Berberine hemisulfate is the hemisulfate form of Berberine (HY-N0716). Berberine hemisulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian. Berberine hemisulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibiobic, antitumor, cardiovascular protective and neuroprotective activity.
    Berberine hemisulfate (Standard)
  • HY-175209
    Nrf2-IN-4
    		Activator
    Nrf2-IN-4 is a Nrf2 inhibitor. Nrf2-IN-4 induces ferroptosis via NRF2 inhibition. Nrf2-IN-4 disrupts cellular iron homeostasis, facilitates ferritin degradation, and ultimately triggers ferroptosis. Nrf2-IN-4 induces lysosome activation by promoting iron-dependent ROS production and lysosomal acidification. Nrf2-IN-4 demonstrates significant antitumor efficacy. Nrf2-IN-4 can be used for the study of breast cancer.
    Nrf2-IN-4
  • HY-B0757AR
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate (Standard)
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate (Standard) is the analytical standard of (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate, vitamin E - nicotinate, is an orally active fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate is hydrolysed in the blood to α -tocopherol and niacin and may be used in studies of related vascular diseases[1][2].
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate (Standard)
  • HY-172201
    NF-κB-IN-19
    		Inducer
    NF-κB-IN-19 (Compound 8) is an NF-κB inhibitor. NF-κB-IN-19 effectively induces DNA damage, promotes the generation of ROS, and induces autophagy and apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway in tumor cells. In addition, NF-κB-IN-19 can inhibit the levels of VEGF and HIF-1α, and exert antiproliferative activity in tumor cells through the PI3K/AKT and STAT-3 pathways. NF-κB-IN-19 can effectively overcome cisplatin resistance and has anti-tumor activity.
    NF-κB-IN-19
  • HY-N7155
    2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene
    		Inhibitor
    2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene is a dihydrophenanthrene derivative that can be isolated from the air-dried whole plant of Pholidota chinensis Lindl.. 2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene shows potent activities of IC50 at 16.2 μM in DPPH radical-scavenging assay.
    2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene
  • HY-173023
    IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1
    		Inducer
    IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1 (Compound 10) is an IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug. IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1 inhibits IDO expression. IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1 induces apoptosis, decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibits tumor cell migration and invasion. IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1 induces reactive oxygen species-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and secretion of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thereby presenting immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects. IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1 has high-efficiency and low-toxicity antitumor effects compared to Cisplatin (HY-17394).
    IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1
  • HY-178038
    Tubulin-IN-56
    		Inhibitor
    Tubulin-IN-56 is a tubulin inhibitor. Tubulin-IN-56 exerts cytotoxic effects against colon cancer cell lines (LS180, HCT116, SW620, LoVo). Tubulin-IN-56 downregulates βIII-tubulin and upregulates βIVa-tubulin in colon cancer cell lines. Tubulin-IN-56 inhibits cell invasiveness and elevates intracellular ROS levels in colon cancer cell lines. Tubulin-IN-56 can be used for the study of colon cancer.
    Tubulin-IN-56
  • HY-162310
    Anticancer agent 193
    		Activator
    Anticancer agent 193 (compound D3-3) is an inducer of ferritinophagy, eventually triggering ferroptosis. Anticancer agent 193 induces the production of lipid ROS, and significantly promoted colorectal cancer cells to release the ferrous ion in an autophagy-dependent manner.
    Anticancer agent 193
  • HY-119502R
    Camalexin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Camalexin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Camalexin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Camalexin is a phytoalexin isolated from Camelina sativa (Cruciferae) with antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and anticancer activities. Camalexin can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production[1][2][3].
    Camalexin (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity