2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-12033S1
    2-Methoxyestradiol-13C6
    		Activator
    2-Methoxyestradiol-13C6 is the 13C-labeled 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6].
    2-Methoxyestradiol-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N0361S
    Dihydrocapsaicin-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Dihydrocapsaicin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Dihydrocapsaicin (HY-N0361). Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat.
    Dihydrocapsaicin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0155R
    Nobiletin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Nobiletin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nobiletin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nobiletin is a poly-methoxylated flavone from the citrus peel that improves memory loss. Nobiletin is a retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) agonist. Nobiletin can reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in differentiated C2C12 myotubes and has anti-inflammation and anti-cancer properties, including anti-angiogenesis, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis and induced apoptosis.
    Nobiletin (Standard)
  • HY-168922
    Keap1-Nrf2-IN-25
    		Inhibitor
    Keap1-Nrf2-IN-25 (Compound 19) is a potent Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor (IC50 of 0.55 μM) with Keap1 binding affinity (Kd of 0.50 μM). Keap1-Nrf2-IN-25 activates Nrf2, reduces ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6). Keap1-Nrf2-IN-25 exerts protective effects against DSS (HY-116282)-induced colitis.
    Keap1-Nrf2-IN-25
  • HY-N0393R
    Glabridin (Standard)
    Glabridin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glabridin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glabridin is a natural isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, binds to and activates PPARγ, with an EC50 of 6115 nM. Glabridin exhibits antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-nephritic, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporotic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective and radical scavenging activities.
    Glabridin (Standard)
  • HY-173403
    TrxR-IN-8
    		Inducer
    TrxR-IN-8 (Compound 6f) is a selective TrxR inhibitor (IC50: 10.2 μM). TrxR-IN-8 induces apoptosis through oxidative stress by stimulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing intracellular thiols, and lowering the glutathione/glutathione ratio. TrxR-IN-8 exhibits significant cytotoxicity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.
    TrxR-IN-8
  • HY-161863
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-67
    		Inducer
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-67 (Compound 5h) is an inhibitor for tubulin polymerization on colchicine binding site with an IC50 of 2.92 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-67 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells HT29, A549, U2OS, MG-63 and HeLa with IC50s of 0.12-4.13 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-67 arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase, induces apoptosis in cell U2OS, inhibits the cell migration of A549. Tubulin polymerization-IN-67 reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increase intracellular ROS, inhibits the angiogenesis in HUVECs. Tubulin polymerization-IN-67 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mice
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-67
  • HY-N3248
    Momordicoside G
    		Inhibitor
    Momordicoside G (Momordicacoside G) is an orally active cucurbitane-type triterpene glycoside. Momordicoside G selectively induces apoptosis of M1-like macrophages, without affecting M2-like macrophages. Momordicoside G reduces intracellular ROS levels and promotes autophagy. Momordicoside G also has anticancer activity, inhibiting the growth of cancer cell lines. Momordicoside G stimulates M2-associated lung injury repair and prevents inflammatory lung cancer injury.
    Momordicoside G
  • HY-122359A
    rel-Levormeloxifene
    		Inducer
    rel-Levormeloxifene (rel-L-Centchroman) is the relative configuration of Levormeloxifene (HY-122359). rel-Levormeloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). rel-Levormeloxifene inhibits proliferation of leukemia cells with IC50 about 7 μM, arrests cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and induces apoptosis. rel-Levormeloxifene induces differentation of myelogenesis leukemia, and enhances ROS production in K562 cells.
    rel-Levormeloxifene
  • HY-155023
    Apoptosis inducer 13
    		Inducer
    Apoptosis inducer 13 (Compound Ru4) can induce cancer cell apoptosis, and inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion. Apoptosis inducer 13 converts coenzyme NADH to NAD+, and increases intracellular ROS levels.
    Apoptosis inducer 13
  • HY-144825
    Chol-CTPP
    		Inducer
    Chol-CTPP is a ligand with dual targeting effect on blood-brain barrier (BBB) and glioma cells. Lip-CTPP can be gained by Chol-CTPP and another mitochondria targeting ligand (Chol-TPP). Lip-CTPP is a promising potential carrier to exert the anti-glioma effect of doxorubicin (DOX) and lonidamine (LND) collaboratively. Lip-CTPP elevates the inhibition rate of tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, promote apoptosis and necrosis, and interfere with mitochondrial function.
    Chol-CTPP
  • HY-100561S
    Tempol-d17,15N
    Tempol-d17,15N is the deuterium labeled Tempol[1]. Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS)[2][3].
    Tempol-d<sub>17</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-118072
    Aspalatone
    Aspalatone is an orally active antiplatelet aggregant with IC50 of 180 μM. Aspalatone has antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.
    Aspalatone
  • HY-116694
    Digallic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Digallic acid is an antioxidant, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, and anti-hyperuricemic compound. Digallic acid is a reverse transcriptase and XOD, URAT1 (IC50: 5.34 μM) inhibitor. Digallic acid scavenges DPPH· and O2·− radicals. Digallic acid induces apoptosis. Digallic acid can be isolated from the fruits of Pistascia lentiscus.
    Digallic acid
  • HY-159153
    Photosensitizer-4
    Photosensitizer-4 (compound PS-I) is a potent photosensitizer. Photosensitizer-4 effectively kills cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth under light irradiation.
    Photosensitizer-4
  • HY-B1453R
    (±)-Carnitine (chloride) (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Benoxaprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Benoxaprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benoxaprofen (LRCL 3794) is a potent and long-acting anti-inflammatory and antipyretic compound. Benoxaprofen is a relatively weak inhibitor of cyclooxygenase in in vitro systems, inhibits lipoxygenase in other systems, and inhibits monocyte migration in some animal models of inflammation.
    (±)-Carnitine (chloride) (Standard)
  • HY-107360
    Lobenzarit disodium
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Lobenzarit disodium (CCA) is an anti-arthritic and anti-oxidative agent.
    Lobenzarit disodium
  • HY-N0692R
    Schisandrol B (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Schisandrol B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Schisandrol B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Schisandrol B (Gomisin-A) is a major active constituent of Schisandra chinensis with hepato-protective effects. Schisandrol B inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Schisandrol B inhibits the activity of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A and also has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities.
    Schisandrol B (Standard)
  • HY-116429S
    Maresin 1-d5
    		Inhibitor
    Maresin 1-d5 is the deuterium labeled Maresin 1. Maresin 1, produced by human Mφs from endogenous docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and a specialized proresolving mediator, stimulates intracellular [Ca2+] and secretion. Maresin 1 possesses anti-inflammatory activity[1][2][3].
    Maresin 1-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-147983
    PI3Kα-IN-8
    		Inducer
    PI3Kα-IN-8 (Compound 9g) is a selective PI3Kα inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.012 μM. PI3Kα-IN-8 increases intracellular reactive oxygen species level, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and induces apoptosis.
    PI3Kα-IN-8
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity