2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-146367
    VEGFR-2-IN-19
    		Inducer
    VEGFR-2-IN-19 (Compound 15b) is a potent VEGFR2 inhibitor. VEGFR-2-IN-19 induces cell apoptosis and increases intracellular reactive oxygen species level. VEGFR-2-IN-19 can be used as an anticancer agent.
    VEGFR-2-IN-19
  • HY-167632
    meso-Zeaxanthin
    		Inhibitor
    meso-Zeaxanthin accumulates in the central retina and forms macular pigment together with lutein and zeaxanthin, which has the function of light filtering. meso-Zeaxanthin can quench ROS and exert antioxidant function.
    meso-Zeaxanthin
  • HY-124072
    HL001
    		Inducer 98.90%
    HL001 is an orally active small molecule inhibitor of Cyclophilin A (CypA) and a receptor antagonist of Lysophosphatidic acid 1 (LPA1). HL001 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells by p53. HL001 stabilizes p53 by down-regulating G3BP1, inducing reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. HL001 disrupts the interaction between MDM2 and p53-72R in a CypA dependent manner. HL001 has antitumor activity. HL001 can also be used to study pulmonary fibrosis.
    HL001
  • HY-W778057
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate-13C3
    Ethyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate-13C3 (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester-13C3) is the 13C-labeled Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (HY-W016409). Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes HIF-1α by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascular permeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema.
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N16399
    Black tea extract
    		Inhibitor
    Black tea extract is the extract of Black tea. Black tea extract prevents inorganic arsenic (iAs) induced ROS generation, inhibiting uncontrolled proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in HaCaT cells. Black tea extract has an anti-fibrotic activity. Black tea extract can be used for skin cancers research.
    Black tea extract
  • HY-113410R
    3-Methylglutaric acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    3-Methylglutaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Methylglutaric acid (HY-113410). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na+, K+-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na+, K+-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration.
    3-Methylglutaric acid (Standard)
  • HY-162882
    CC15009
    		Inhibitor
    CC15009 is a xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.237 nM. CC15009 can inhibit the oxidative subtype of XOR, thereby reducing the production of the byproduct ROS and exhibiting antioxidant activity. CC15009 has demonstrated a good dose-dependent uric acid-lowering effect in two different mouse models of hyperuricemia induced by XOR substrates.
    CC15009
  • HY-170590
    VEGFR-2-IN-61
    		Inducer
    VEGFR-2-IN-61 (Compound 7b) is an inhibitor for VEGFR-2 with an IC50 of 2.83 µM. VEGFR-2-IN-61 inhibits the proliferation of multi cancer cells (IC50 for MCF-7 is 2.12 μM). VEGFR-2-IN-61 inhibits the cell migration, induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in MCF-7.
    VEGFR-2-IN-61
  • HY-145859
    Topo I-IN-1
    		Inducer
    Topo I-IN-1 (Compound 14d) is a potent Topo I inhibitor with antitumor activity and DNA intercalative capability. Topo I-IN-1 induces cell apoptosis.
    Topo I-IN-1
  • HY-N0404R
    Sinigrin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Sinigrin (Standard) (Allyl-glucosinolate (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Sinigrin (HY-N0404). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sinigrin (Allyl-glucosinolate) is an orally active glucosinolate found in cruciferous plants. Sinigrin possesses multiple activities such as anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and inhibition of fat synthesis. Sinigrin can be used in the research of tumors, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases.
    Sinigrin (Standard)
  • HY-B2046S
    Simazine-d10
    		Inducer
    Simazine-d10 is the deuterium labeled Simazine (HY-B2046). Simazine is a triazine herbicide. Simazine is widely used in agriculture, potted plant and tree production. In addition, Simazine can induce the apoptosis of immune cells in the spleen of mice and inhibit the proliferation of B cells and T cells in mice.
    Simazine-d<sub>10</sub>
  • HY-159122
    CA IX-IN-2
    		Inducer
    CA IX-IN-2 (Compound 9o) is an inhibitor for carbonic anhydrase (CA), that inhibits CA IX, CA XII and CA II with an IC50 of 5.6, 7.4 and 430 nM, respectively. CA IX-IN-2 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell HCT-116, SW480, MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7, with IC50s of 14.63-29.33 μM. CA IX-IN-2 intercalates DNA, arrests cell cycle at G1/S phase, and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231. CA IX-IN-2 affects the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increases the intracellular ROS levels, causes mitochondrial damage, and inhibits the cell migration of MDA-MB-231. CA IX-IN-2 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse models.
    CA IX-IN-2
  • HY-N16658
    Asperilin
    		Activator
    Asperilin is an orally active sesquiterpene lactone. Asperilin is an effective hydroxyl radical scavenger. Asperilin significantly enhance the lipid peroxidation levels of liver microsomes in various systems. Asperilin leads to a significant decrease in liver glutathione (GSH) levels and an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Asperilin can be used for research on inflammatory conditions.
    Asperilin
  • HY-174818
    NOX5-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    NOX5-IN-2 (Compound 17) is a selective NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) inhibitor with an IC50s of 0.70  μM. NOX5-IN-2 significantly inhibits NOX5-dependent production of ROS in freestyle293 cells (EC50: 1.8  μM). NOX5-IN-2 can be used for NOXs related diseases research, such as cardiovascular, cancer and neuroinflammation.
    NOX5-IN-2
  • HY-B1960R
    Canthaxanthin (Standard)
    Canthaxanthin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Canthaxanthin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Canthaxanthin is a red-orange carotenoid with various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor properties.
    Canthaxanthin (Standard)
  • HY-B0166E
    L-Ascorbic acid magnesium
    L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate) magnesium, an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant. L-Ascorbic acid selectively inhibits Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition promoter and elastin production inhibitor. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anticancer effects by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selectively damaging cancer cells.
    L-Ascorbic acid magnesium
  • HY-175703
    RANKL-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    RANKL-IN-1 is a selective and orally active Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κ B Ligand (RANKL) inhibitor with a KD value of 7.6 μM. RANKL-IN-1 exhibits inhibitory activity and selectivity against osteoclastogenesis with an IC50 value of 0.07 μM and SI of 82.57. RANKL-IN-1binds directly to RANKL and blocks the RANKL-induced activation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. RANKL-IN-1 can be used for the research of metabolic disease, such as osteoporosis.
    RANKL-IN-1
  • HY-N3737
    Derrone
    		Inducer
    Derrone, a prenylated isoflavones, is an Aurora kinase inhibitor, with IC50 values of 6 and 22.3 μM against Aurora B and Aurora A, respectively. Derrone shows anti-tumor activity.
    Derrone
  • HY-128741S2
    D-Allose-13C-2
    		Inhibitor
    D-Allose-13C-2 is the 13C labeled D-Allose (HY-128741). D-Allose exhibits antitumor activity against various cancer cells. D-Allose scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces oxidative stress damage. D-Allose exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. D-Allose exhibits antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities.
    D-Allose-<sup>13</sup>C-2
  • HY-162311
    Anticancer agent 194
    		Activator
    Anticancer agent 194 (compound 10p) is a ferroptosis and autophagy inducer. Anticancer agent 194 arrests colon cancer cell cycle at G2/M phase, but can't induce cell apoptosis. Anticancer agent 194 independently triggeres cell ferroptosis and autophagy through the massive accumulation of ROS.
    Anticancer agent 194
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity