2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-162131
    Antitumor agent-132
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-132 (Compound F9) is an antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-132 induces cell apoptosis and increases intracellular reactive oxygen species and reduces MMP.
    Antitumor agent-132
  • HY-133968R
    24-Methylenecholesterol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 24-Methylenecholesterol (HY-133968). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol) is a regulator targeting acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) with anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. 24-Methylenecholesterol mimics the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF), can extend yeast lifespan through an anti-oxidative stress mechanism, and exhibits neuroprotective activity in PC12 cells. 24-Methylenecholesterol can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, activate anti-oxidative stress pathways (such as UTH1, SOD-related genes), and promote synaptic growth.
    24-Methylenecholesterol (Standard)
  • HY-N0332R
    Ziyuglycoside II (Standard)
    		Activator
    Ziyuglycoside II (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ziyuglycoside II. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ziyuglycoside II is a triterpenoid saponin compound extracted from Sanguisorba officinalis L.. Ziyuglycoside II induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effect.
    Ziyuglycoside II (Standard)
  • HY-124410S
    Mitoquinol-d15
    		Inhibitor
    Mitoquinol-d15 is deuterium labeled Mitoquinol (HY-124410). Mitoquinol is an orally active mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mitoquinol can regulate mitochondrial respiration and oxidation. Mitoquinol inhibits ROS production, and improves phagocytosis and glycolysis in ethanol-exposed macrophages via the HIF-1α-PFKP axis. Additionally, Mitoquinol can partially alleviate heat stress-induced decreases in growth performance, inflammatory responses, and metabolic disorders in pigs.
    Mitoquinol-d<sub>15</sub>
  • HY-N9283
    1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran
    		Inhibitor
    1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran, isolated from the edible mushroom Sarcodon leucopus, has antioxidant effects in the DPPH scavenging assay with the IC50 of 28 μM, inhibits malondialdehyde (MDA) with the IC50 of 71 μM, and inhibits α-glucosidase with the IC50 of 6.22 μM.
    1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran
  • HY-178378
    G9a-IN-4
    		Inducer
    G9a-IN-4 is a G9a inhibitor with high selectivity (IC50 = 32 nM). G9a-IN-4 shows high selectivity against the other tested lysine/arginine methyltransferases. G9a-IN-4 exhibits high enzymatic activity against G9a and more potent antiproliferative effects against all tested cancer cells. G9a-IN-4 significantly suppresses the H3K9me2 level. G9a-IN-4 triggers autophagy by inducing the production of ROS, thus leading to cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 in CT26 colon cells. G9a-IN-4 can be used for the study of colon cancer.
    G9a-IN-4
  • HY-146762
    MAO-B-IN-7
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-7 is a potent and blood-brain barrier permeable MAO-B and AChE inhibitor with IC50s of 41 nM, 87 nM and 0.3 μM for human AChE, electric eel AChE and MAO-B, respectively. MAO-B-IN-7 can effectively alleviate oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory damage.
    MAO-B-IN-7
  • HY-172964
    KIM-161
    		Inducer
    KIM-161 is a PIK3CA inhibitor. KIM-161 has significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 1.428 and 1.562 µM against PI3KCA mutant breast cancer MCF7 and T47D cells, respectively. KIM-161 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing ROS production. KIM-161 can be used to study breast cancer and its PI3KCA mutant subtypes.
    KIM-161
  • HY-W015026S
    Isobutylparaben-d4
    		Inducer
    Isobutylparaben-d4 is the deuterium labeled Isobutylparaben. Isobutylparaben (Isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) is the agonist for PXR, CAR and PPAR. Isobutylparaben has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and widely used in personal care products and cosmetics.
    Isobutylparaben-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-179049
    EGFR/tubulin-IN-1
    		Activator
    EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 (Compound 26) is a dual-target inhibitor of EGFR and tubulin. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 significantly reduces the levels of p-EGFR, p-AKT, and p-ERK in cells, disrupting the microtubule structure of the cells. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 significantly inhibits the proliferation of H1975 cells and significantly blocks the cells in the G2/M phase. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 induces the expression of autophagy markers LC3B-II and Beclin-1, while down-regulating the expression of p62. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 induces ferroptosis, with increased ROS content and depletion of glutathione (GSH). EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 has a significant tumor-suppressing effect in the H1975 transplanted tumor nude mouse model. EGFR/tubulin-IN-1 can be used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer.
    EGFR/tubulin-IN-1
  • HY-146194
    NHEJ inhibitor-1
    		Activator
    NHEJ inhibitor-1 (Compound C2) is a trifunctional Pt(II) complex, alleviates the non-homologous end connection (NHEJ)/homologous recombination (HR)-related double strand breaks (DSBs) repairs to evade Cisplatin-resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NHEJ inhibitor-1 inhibits the damage repair proteins Ku70 and Rad51 to make tumors re-sensitive to Cisplatin. NHEJ inhibitor-1 also induces ROS generation and MMP deduction.
    NHEJ inhibitor-1
  • HY-112749B
    (3S,4R)-ME-344
    		Inducer 98.04%
    (3S,4R)-ME-344 is the (3S,4R)-enantiomer of ME-344 (HY-112749). ME-344 is a mitochondrial Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inhibitor. ME-344 specifically binds and alters HO-1 structure, and increases HO-1 translocation from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria, but only in drug-sensitive cells (such as H460 and SHP-77 cells). ME-344 decreases mitochondrial ATP production and induces ROS, with subsequent disruption of redox homeostasis and mitochondrial function. ME-344 has significant antitumor activity, and can be used for cancers like breast cancer research.
    (3S,4R)-ME-344
  • HY-P5317A
    MAQAAEYYR TFA
    		Inhibitor
    MAQAAEYYR TFA is an antioxidant active peptide that can be isolated from pancreatin hydrolysate of C-phycocyanin. MAQAAEYYR TFA has high DPPH, ABTS radical and ROS-scavenging ability. MAQAAEYYR TFA protects zebrafish larvae from H2O2-induced oxidative damage.
    MAQAAEYYR TFA
  • HY-157440
    AChE/Aβ-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/Aβ-IN-3 (compound AM5) is a dual inhibitor of AChE and Amyloid-β aggregation with IC50<.sub> values of 1.29 and 4.93 μM, respectively. AChE/Aβ-IN-3 has antioxidant properties that scavenge ROS and restore their normal levels. AChE/Aβ-IN-3 can be used in the study of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
    AChE/Aβ-IN-3
  • HY-175823
    1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox
    		Inhibitor
    1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox is a brain-penetrant Trolox (HY-101445)-vitamin K (HY-B2172) conjugate with neuroprotective activity. 1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox can inhibit oxytosis, ferroptosis, ATP depletion and ROS production. 1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox selective suppresses M1 markers expression. 1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
    1,4-Naphthoquinone-NH-C2-NH-Trolox
  • HY-172212
    SDH-IN-23
    		Inducer
    SDH-IN-23 (Compound B21) is an SDH inhibitor. SDH-IN-23 exhibits excellent nematicidal activity. SDH-IN-23 can inhibit the feeding, reproduction, and embryonic development of nematodes. Meanwhile, SDH-IN-23 exerts a lethal effect on nematodes by triggering oxidative stress, causing intestinal damage, and inhibiting SDH, among other mechanisms.
    SDH-IN-23
  • HY-N6037R
    Gardenin B (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Gardenin B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gardenin B (HY-N6037). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gardenin B is a flavonoid isolated from Gardenia jasminoides. Gardenin B is a methoxyflavone compound and an inhibitor of USP7, ODC (IC50: 6.24 μg/mL), and Cathepsin D (IC50: 5.61 μg/mL). Gardenin B exhibits antioxidant and antitumor activities. Gardenin B shows IC50 values of 8.87 and 10.59 μg/mL for DPPH and NO scavenging, respectively, and also possesses ferric ion reducing ability. Additionally, Gardenin B can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Gardenin B can be used in cancer research.
    Gardenin B (Standard)
  • HY-158108
    anti-TNBC agent-6
    		Inducer
    anti-TNBC agent-6 (compound pt-3) is a potent anti-TNBC agent. anti-TNBC agent-6 shows cytotoxic activity. anti-TNBC agent-6 induces autophagy and ferroptosis. anti-TNBC agent-6 enhances intracellular ROS accumulatio. anti-TNBC agent-6 shows anti tumor activity and has the potential for the research of breast cancer.
    anti-TNBC agent-6
  • HY-120723
    (Rac)-Phox-I1
    		Control
    (Rac)-Phox-I1 is a racemic isomer of Phox-I1. Phox-I1 is a p67phox inhibitor. Phox-I1 inhibits ROS production.
    (Rac)-Phox-I1
  • HY-101445R
    Trolox (Standard)
    Butamirate (citrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Butamirate (citrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Butamirate citrate is an orally active cough suppressant that acts centrally through the receptors in the brainstem. Butamirate citrate also reduces the resistance in the airways by inhibiting bronchospasm and anti-inflammatory effect.
    Trolox (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity