2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-114659
    AM-36
    		Inhibitor
    AM-36 is a neuroprotective agent with combined antioxidant and sodium channel blocking actions. AM-36 can inhibit cell apoptosis and ROS prodiction. AM-36 can reduce neuronal damage and DA release after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. AM-36 can be used for the researches of inflammation and neurological disease, such as stroke.
    AM-36
  • HY-B1199A
    Nialamide hydrochloride
    		Modulator
    Nialamide hydrochloride is a non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Nialamide hydrochloride inhibits MAO and regulates ROS production. Nialamide hydrochloride induces hyperkinesis in animals, enhances the anticonvulsant effect of Diphenylhydantoin in mice, increases rectal temperature, and enhances the pressor effect of Norepinephrine. Nialamide hydrochloride can be used in the research of depression, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and hypertension.
    Nialamide hydrochloride
  • HY-D1293
    Photosensitizer-1
    Photosensitizer-1 (Compound CLB-13) is a photosensitizer.
    Photosensitizer-1
  • HY-147772
    ZC0101
    		Inducer
    ZC0101 is a potent, orally active IDO1 and TrxR dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.084 μM and 7.98 μM, respectively. ZC0101 effectively induces apoptosis and ROS accumulation in cancer cells.
    ZC0101
  • HY-W014423S8
    L-Histidine-15N3,d5 hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inhibitor
    L-Histidine-15N3,d5 hydrochloride hydrate is the deuterium and 15N labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>,d<sub>5</sub> hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-159149
    Antitumor agent-182
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-182 (Compound 12a) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and enhances ROS levels. Antitumor agent-182 arrests the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, induces apoptosis in HeLa. Antitumor agent-182 inhibits the proliferation of HeLa, PC-3 and HCT-15 with IC50s of 8.83, 10.07 and 7.84 μM, respectively.
    Antitumor agent-182
  • HY-162402
    NLRP3-IN-33
    		Inhibitor
    NLRP3-IN-33 (Compound 12o) is a blood-brain barrier permeable inhibitor of AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 1.02 μM and 7.03 μM against hAChE and hBChE respectively. NLRP3-IN-33 possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metal chelating activities, making it a potential candidate for research in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
    NLRP3-IN-33
  • HY-151430
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 (Compound 24) is a potent Nrf2/HO-1 activator, neuroprotective agent. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 shows neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 can be used in Parkinson's disease (PD) research.
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1
  • HY-146170
    Anticancer agent 69
    		Activator
    Anticancer agent 69 (Compound 34), a potent and selective anticancer agent , potently and selectively inhibits human prostate cancer cell line PC3 (IC50=26 nM). Anticancer agent 69 increases ROS level, down-regulates EGFR and induces apoptosis.
    Anticancer agent 69
  • HY-P11116
    Periplanetasin-2
    		Inducer
    Periplanetasin-2 is an antifungal peptide that induces oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. Periplanetasin-2 can also induce apoptosis.
    Periplanetasin-2
  • HY-138071
    8α-Tigloyloxyhirsutinolide 13-O-acetate
    		Inducer
    8α-Tigloyloxyhirsutinolide 13-O-acetate (8αTGH) is a potent and orally active STAT3 inhibitor. 8α-Tigloyloxyhirsutinolide 13-O-acetate induces early oxidative stress and pyroptosis, and late DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis in the TNBC cells. 8α-Tigloyloxyhirsutinolide 13-O-acetate suppresses tumor cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo.
    8α-Tigloyloxyhirsutinolide 13-O-acetate
  • HY-116202
    PACA
    		Activator
    PACA is an enhancer of nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth, enhancing nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth and attenuating 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced toxicity by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. PACA has neuroprotective and neurogenic activities. PACA can be used to improve dopaminergic neuron loss and motor dysfunction in MPTP mouse models of Parkinson's disease and MPP+-induced neurons.
    PACA
  • HY-W015026R
    Isobutylparaben (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Isobutylparaben (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isobutylparaben. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isobutylparaben (Isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) is the agonist for PXR, CAR and PPAR. Isobutylparaben has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and widely used in personal care products and cosmetics.
    Isobutylparaben (Standard)
  • HY-N10443
    Mammea A/BA
    		Activator
    Mammea A/BA has potent activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Mammea A/BA induces mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA fragmentation, and increases number of acidic vacuoles. Mammea A/BA can induce apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Mammea A/BA can be used for researching chagas disease.
    Mammea A/BA
  • HY-N1458R
    Isoschaftoside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isoschaftoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoschaftoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoschaftoside, a C-glycosylflavonoid from Desmodium uncinatum root exudate, can inhibit growth of germinated S. hermonthica radicles. Isoschaftoside reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces proliferation in senescent cells. Isoschaftoside activates autophagy. Isoschaftoside can be used for anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective and nematicidal study.
    Isoschaftoside (Standard)
  • HY-178373
    Topoisomerase I-IN-18
    		Activator
    Topoisomerase I-IN-18, a derivative of Thiosemicarbazide (HY-Y0032), is a Topoisomerase I inhibitor. Topoisomerase I-IN-18 can disrupt DNA synthesis and transcription. Topoisomerase I-IN-18 inhibits tumor cell proliferation by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest. Topoisomerase I-IN-18 can enhance mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, suppress cell migration, and increase intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels. Topoisomerase I-IN-18 can increase p53 protein expression, γH2AX phosphorylation, upregulate Bax expression, downregulate Bcl-2 expression, and activate the caspase cascade. Topoisomerase I-IN-18 can be used for the study of lung cancer.
    Topoisomerase I-IN-18
  • HY-B0215S1
    Acetylcysteine-15N
    		Inhibitor
    Acetylcysteine-15N (N-Acetylcysteine-15N) is the 15N-labeled Acetylcysteine. Acetylcysteine (N-Acetylcysteine) is a mucolytic agent which reduces the thickness of the mucus. Acetylcysteine is a ROS inhibitor. Acetylcysteine is a cysteine precursor, prevents hemin-induced ferroptosis by neutralizing toxic lipids generated by arachidonate-dependent activity of 5-lipoxygenases. Acetylcysteine induces cell apoptosis. Acetylcysteine also has anti-influenza virus activities. In addition, Acetylcysteine is the most stable form of cysteine during drug delivery and can be used in disulfidptosis studies.
    Acetylcysteine-<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-161647
    Antitumor agent-156
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-156 (Compound 20) causes DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, promotes reactive oxygen species generation, activates endoplasmic reticulum stress, and induce apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis. Antitumor agent-156 shows superior antitumor activity against cancer cells including Cisplatin (HY-17394) resistance cells. Antitumor agent-156 displayS good liver-targeting ability.
    Antitumor agent-156
  • HY-163470
    Luciferase activator-1
    		Activator
    Luciferase activator-1 (Compound D2) is an activator for luciferase, which increases the luciferase activity up 1.04 fold (at the concentration of 50 nM).
    Luciferase activator-1
  • HY-175640
    Troponin-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    Troponin-IN-1 is a troponin inhibitor. Troponin-IN-1 protects OGD/R-injured H9c2 cardiomyocytes by reducing LDH leakage, pyroptosis and ROS accumulation. Troponin-IN-1 inhibits NO production and IL-1β/TNF-α/IL-18 release in LPS (HY-D1056)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Troponin-IN-1 acts via caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-18 pathway. Troponin-IN-1 reduces myocardial infarct size in LAD-induced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) male rats. Troponin-IN-1 can be used for the study of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury.
    Troponin-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity