2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-157779
    TPA-NAC
    		Inhibitor
    TPA-NAC is a nonfluorogenic prodrug by introducing N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) into a conjugated acceptor skeleton. TPA-NAC is capable of fluorogenic selective labeling of HSA.
    TPA-NAC
  • HY-168739
    Topoisomerase I inhibitor 17
    		Activator
    Topoisomerase I inhibitor 17 (Compound 7h) is a Topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitor. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 17 reduces DDX5 and reverses the locking of Top1 activity by DDX5. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 17 induces Top1-mediated DNA damage and promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 17 induces Apoptosis (reduces antiapoptotic proteins XIAP, Bcl-2, Survivin and up-regulates pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, γH2AX). Topoisomerase I inhibitor 17 also blocks the progression of the G2/M checkpoint and induces cell cycle arrest. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 17 significantly inhibits colony formation and cell migration in colorectal cancer cells. Topoisomerase I inhibitor 17 effectively reduces tumors in human PDX tumor mice.
    Topoisomerase I inhibitor 17
  • HY-N12042
    Taxamairin B
    		Inhibitor
    Taxamairin B is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Taxamairin B decreases proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) expression and the production of NO and ROS in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Taxamairin B exhibits significant protective effects in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice.
    Taxamairin B
  • HY-170640
    FLT3-IN-29
    		Inhibitor
    FLT3-IN-29 (Compound MY-10) is a FLT3 inhibitor (IC50s: 6.5 and 10.3 nM for FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835Y mutants). FLT3-IN-29 arrests cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and efficiently induces Apoptosis. FLT3-IN-29 also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). FLT3-IN-29 displays antileukemic activity.
    FLT3-IN-29
  • HY-172523
    CDA-IN-3
    		Inducer
    CDA-IN-3 (NCDI) is an inhibitor of chitin deacetylase (CDA) with anti-parasitic activity. CDA-IN-3 disrupts the chitin metabolism of nematodes, leading to an increase in the level of ROS in nematodes and causing cell damage. CDA-IN-3 has a significant inhibitory effect on all developmental stages of Caenorhabditis elegans. CDA-IN-3 can be used in the research of the anti-infection field .
    CDA-IN-3
  • HY-B0688S1
    Dapsone-d4
    Dapsone-d4 is the deuterium labeled Dapsone. Dapsone (4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone) is an orally active and blood-brain penetrant sulfonamide antibiotic with bacteriostatic, antimycobacterial and antiprotozoal activities. Dapsone?exerts effective antileprosy activity?and inhibits folate synthesis in cell extracts of?M. leprae. Dapsone is used for dermatologic disorder research, including leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, acne vulgaris et al.
    Dapsone-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-122379
    8-Hydroxypinoresinol
    8-Hydroxypinoresinol is a tetrahydrofurofuran lignan that has cytoprotective effects against peroxynitrite-induced LLC-PK1 cell damage.
    8-Hydroxypinoresinol
  • HY-N3071
    Picrasidine I
    		Inhibitor
    Picrasidine I is an anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic dimeric alkaloid that can be isolated from Picrasma quassioides. Picrasidine I inducs cell cycle arrest, and triggers cell apoptosis by downregulats ERK and Akt pathways. Picrasidine I inhibits the activation of MAPKs, NF-κB and ROS generation, and suppresses the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1.
    Picrasidine I
  • HY-123454
    SKF1
    		Activator
    SKF1 is a FK506 suppressor, causes a mitochondrially induced death in low salt, concomitant with the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    SKF1
  • HY-161783
    HDAC6-IN-45
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-45 (Compound 15) is a selective inhibitor for HDAC6 with IC50 of 15.2 nM. HDAC6-IN-45 exhibits neurotrophic through the upregulation of GAP43 and Beta-3 tubulin markers. HDAC6-IN-45 activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduces H2O2-induced ROS production, inhibits apoptosis in PC12, and exhibits neuroprotective efficacy in SCOP-induced zebrafish Alzheimer's Disease models. HDAC6-IN-45 exhibits antioxidant activity and good blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.
    HDAC6-IN-45
  • HY-N6953R
    Garcinone D (Standard)
    		Activator
    Garcinone D (Standard) is the analytical standard of Garcinone D (HY-N6953). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Garcinone D is an activator of the STAT3/Cyclin D1 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, and an inhibitor of CDK2/CyclinE1 (IC50 for CDK2/CyclinE1 is 28.23 μM). Garcinone D promotes neural stem cell proliferation by activating STAT3 phosphorylation and Cyclin D1 expression and enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In addition, Garcinone D blocks the tumor cell cycle by inhibiting CDK2/CyclinE1. Garcinone D can promote the proliferation of C17.2 neural stem cells and inhibit prostate and breast cancer.
    Garcinone D (Standard)
  • HY-173228
    Anticancer agent 269
    		Activator
    Anticancer agent 269 (Compound 11c) is an orally active caspase-3 activator that promotes ROS generation by activating caspase-3, induces cancer cell apoptosis (Apoptosis), and exhibits significant anticancer activity. It can be used for research in the field of cancer.
    Anticancer agent 269
  • HY-W015913S3
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-13C
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-13C is the 13C labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS.
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-159897
    PAK4-IN-5
    		Inducer
    PAK4-IN-5 (Compound 12i) is a PAK4 inhibitor (IC50: 7.68 nM for PAK4, 1872.01 nM for PAK1). PAK4-IN-5 binds to PAK4 stably via multiple interactions. PAK4-IN-5 inhibits the proliferation and the migratory potential of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PAK4 and LIMK1. PAK4-IN-5 arrests cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, induces apoptosis and ROS production. LD50: >500 mg/kg for mice (p.o.).
    PAK4-IN-5
  • HY-170540
    NOX4-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    NOX4-IN-1 (Compound 14m) is the inhibitor for NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and blocks the generation of ROS. NOX4-IN-1 inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, decreases the expression of fibrosis-related proteins. NOX4-IN-1 inhibits the cell migration of NRK-49F.
    NOX4-IN-1
  • HY-170658
    AChE-IN-80
    		Inhibitor
    AChE-IN-80 (Compound 1) is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. AChE-IN-80 can inhibit inflammation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro- cultured neurons and microglia, trigger autophagy responses, and block the propagation of β-amyloid (Aβ) fibrils. AChE-IN-80 possesses antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects and can be used in the study of Alzheimer's disease.
    AChE-IN-80
  • HY-N0733S2
    Glucosamine-13C,15N hydrochloride
    Glucosamine-13C,15N (hydrochloride) is the 13C and 15N labeled Glucosamine hydrochloride. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, i
    Glucosamine-<sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N hydrochloride
  • HY-N0089R
    Schisandrin B (Standard)
    Schisandrin B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Schisandrin B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Schisandrin B (γ-Schisandrin) is a biphenylcyclooctadiene derivative isolated from Schisandra chinensis and has been shown to have antioxidant effects on the liver and heart of rodents.
    Schisandrin B (Standard)
  • HY-B0166S2
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-1
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-1 is the 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C-1
  • HY-139252
    Anticancer agent 225
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 225 (Comp 51) is a triterpenoic acids analogue which exhibits suppressive effect on elimination of different type of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and increase the ROS level of CSCs. Anticancer agent 225 can be used for cancer research.
    Anticancer agent 225
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity