2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B1946S
    Dimethoate-d6
    		Inducer
    Dimethoate-d6 is the deuterium labeled Dimethoate. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. Dimethoate is an orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Dimethoate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dimethoate induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis in vivo. Dimethoate affect immune system in mice.
    Dimethoate-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-W176199
    DPPD-Q
    		Inhibitor
    DPPD-Q is an oxidized derivative of the antioxidant and substituted p-phenylenediamine DPPD, which is found in tire wear particles and crumb rubber, particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), and wastewater influent and effluent. DPPD-Q inhibits jack bean urease by 91.4% at 5 µM.
    DPPD-Q
  • HY-N0037R
    Albiflorin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Albiflorin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Albiflorin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Albiflorin, a major constituent contained in peony root, is a monoterpene glycoside with neuroprotective effects. Albiflorin also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects.
    Albiflorin (Standard)
  • HY-10498A
    Lexibulin dihydrochloride
    		Activator
    Lexibulin dihydrochloride (CYT-997 dihydrochloride) is a potent and orally active tubulin polymerisation inhibitor with IC50s of 10-100 nM in cancer cell lines; with potent cytotoxic and vascular disrupting activity in vitro and in vivo. Lexibulin dihydrochloride induces cell apoptosis and induces mitochondrial ROS generation in GC cells.
    Lexibulin dihydrochloride
  • HY-N0683R
    α-Vitamin E (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    α-Vitamin E (Standard) is the analytical standard of α-Vitamin E. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant.
    α-Vitamin E (Standard)
  • HY-124496
    Piperitenone
    		Inhibitor
    Piperitenone is a terpenoid, and exhibits antioxidant activity. Piperitenone scavenges DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 22.7 μg/mL, and inhibits the peroxidation of linoleic acid.
    Piperitenone
  • HY-118571
    Benzoin methyl ether
    		98.14%
    Benzoin methyl ether (NSC76550) is a photoinitiator.
    Benzoin methyl ether
  • HY-144900
    Topramezone
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Topramezone is a potent 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitor. Topramezone is a herbicide, used for the post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn.
    Topramezone
  • HY-N0337R
    Eugenol (Standard)
    Eugenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Eugenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
    Eugenol (Standard)
  • HY-12840
    OBA-09
    		99.17%
    OBA-09, a simple ester of pyruvate and salicylic acid, is potent multi-modal neuroprotectant. OBA-09 has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.
    OBA-09
  • HY-N0524R
    Propyl gallate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Propyl gallate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propyl gallate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propyl gallate is a common food antioxidant. Propyl gallate can inhibit the production of acrolein, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Propyl gallate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor and cardioprotective activities.
    Propyl gallate (Standard)
  • HY-121641
    Nitrosobenzene
    		99.02%
    Nitrosobenzene is a radical scavenger that can be used to study oxidative DNA damage and the respiratory burst reaction of neutrophils induced by nitro compounds.
    Nitrosobenzene
  • HY-B0860S
    Diuron-d6
    		Activator 99.00%
    Diuron-d6 is the deuterium labeled Diuron (HY-B0860). Diuron is an orally active phenylurea herbicide. Diuron inhibits photosynthesis in plants by blocking the formation of ATP and NADH. Diuron increases the production of ROS. Diuron increases expression of p53 in certain cell lines. Diuron has herbicidal activity against annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grass weeds. Diuron promotes DMBA/BBN-induced bladder cancer. Diuron can be used in breast cancer research.
    Diuron-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-13063
    Sodium formononetin-3'-sulfonate
    		99.79%
    Sodium formononetin-3'-sulfonate (Sul-F) is a water-sol.
    Sodium formononetin-3'-sulfonate
  • HY-W014901S
    Bisphenol F-13C6
    		Activator 98.32%
    Bisphenol F-13C6 is the 13C labeled Bisphenol F (HY-W014901). Bisphenol F is an orally active endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol F promotes ROS generation, upregulates p-AKT/p-GSK3β, and induces Apoptosis. Bisphenol F interferes with glucose metabolism, affects neurodevelopment and reproductive function. Bisphenol F reduces social novelty preference in mouse offspring. Bisphenol F can be used in bone, blood, and fat-related studies. Bisphenol F is used as a substitute for Bisphenol A (HY-18260).
    Bisphenol F-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B0223R
    Albendazole (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Albendazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Albendazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Albendazole (SKF-62979) is an orally active and broad-spectrum parasiticide with high effectiveness and low host toxicity, is used for the research of gastrointestinal parasites in humans and animals. Albendazole induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Albendazole also inhibits tubulin polymerization and HIF-1α, VEGF expression, has antioxidant activity, and inhibits the glycolytic process in cancer cells.
    Albendazole (Standard)
  • HY-W247098
    Dihydrorhodamine 6G
    		98.17%
    Dihydrorhodamine 6G (DHR 6G) is the reduced form of Rhodamine 6G, which is used as fluorescent mitochondrial dye. It is nonfluorescent, but it readily enters most of the cells and is oxidized by oxidative species or by cellular redox systems to the fluorescent rhodamine 6G that accumulates in mitochondrial membranes. Dihydrorhodamine 6G is useful for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide.
    Dihydrorhodamine 6G
  • HY-B0215R
    Acetylcysteine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor 98.24%
    Acetylcysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acetylcysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acetylcysteine (N-Acetylcysteine) is a mucolytic agent which reduces the thickness of the mucus. Acetylcysteine is a ROS inhibitor. Acetylcysteine is a cysteine precursor, prevents hemin-induced ferroptosis by neutralizing toxic lipids generated by arachidonate-dependent activity of 5-lipoxygenases. Acetylcysteine induces cell apoptosis. Acetylcysteine also has anti-influenza virus activities. In addition, Acetylcysteine is the most stable form of cysteine during drug delivery and can be used in disulfidptosis studies.
    Acetylcysteine (Standard)
  • HY-W099479
    Insect repellent M 3535
    		Inducer 98.44%
    Insect repellent M 3535 (Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate; IR-3535) is a potent anthelmintic that is toxic to zebrafish with a lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of 140 mg/L at 72 hours post fertilization (hpf). Insect repellent M 3535 causes morphological abnormalities and cardiac defects in early embryonic development of zebrafish by potentially inducing the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (Reactive Oxygen Species) and activating oxidative stress responses, thereby activating the endogenous apoptosis pathway.
    Insect repellent M 3535
  • HY-I0301R
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard)
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity