2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

PDF 4.04 MB

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0688S
    Dapsone-d8
    		99.82%
    Dapsone-d8 is a deuterium labeled Dapsone. Dapsone is an orally active and blood-brain penetrant sulfonamide antibiotic with antibacterial, antigenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Dapsone?exerts effective antileprosy activity?and inhibits folate synthesis in cell extracts of?M. leprae. Dapsone can be used as an anticonvulsant and also in the research of skin and glioblastoma diseases.
    Dapsone-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-117762
    U-83836E
    		Inhibitor 98.44%
    U-83836E (PNU-83836E) is a compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities that reduces lung inflammation inhibiting oxidative stress and ROS production. U-83836E has shown potential for treating asthma and lung inflammation in animal models.
    U-83836E
  • HY-N9447
    Norbergenin
    		Inhibitor 98.31%
    Norbergenin, the O-demethyl derivative of bergenin, shows moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 13 μM in DPPH radical scavenging; 32 μM in superoxide anion scavenging).
    Norbergenin
  • HY-18085AS
    Quercetin-d3 hydrate
    		Inhibitor
    Quercetin-d3 hydrate is a deuterium labeled Quercetin hydrate (HY-18085A), a flavonoid which can stimulate recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50s of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin-d<sub>3</sub> hydrate
  • HY-100561S
    Tempol-d17,15N
    Tempol-d17,15N is the deuterium labeled Tempol. Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Tempol-d<sub>17</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-124411
    Lobenzarit
    		Inhibitor 99.42%
    Lobenzarit, an immunomodulator, possesses anti-oxidative.
    Lobenzarit
  • HY-B0739AS
    Citicoline-d9 sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    Citicoline-d9 (Cytidine diphosphate-choline-d9) sodium is the deuterium labeled Citicoline sodium (HY-B0739A). Citicoline sodium is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline sodium inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline sodium can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline-d<sub>9</sub> sodium
  • HY-W011215S
    Dihexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4
    		Inducer 98.20%
    Dihexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 is the deuterium labeled Dihexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6. Dihexyl phthalate (HY-W011215) is one of the commonly used phthalate esters in various plastics and consumer products. Dihexyl phthalate is classified as a priority pollutant and an endocrine disruptor. Dihexyl phthalate can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, promote inflammation, and lead to significant increases in apoptosis and inflammation-related gene expression levels. Dihexyl phthalate can cause testicular atrophy and is a reproductive toxicant.
    Dihexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-123533S
    Resorufin-d6
    Resorufin-d6 is the deuterium labeled Resorufin. Resorufin (NSC 12097) is a highly fluorescent pink dye for the detection of ROS/RNS and a second analyte.
    Resorufin-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-136409R
    N-Decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Formoterol (hemifumarate hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Formoterol (hemifumarate hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Formoterol hemifumarate hydrate is a selective, long-acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Formoterol is a bronchodilator used for the research of the asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Formoterol hemifumarate hydrate induces mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury.
    N-Decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (Standard)
  • HY-W014684R
    Lilial (Standard)
    Lilial (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lilial. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks.
    Lilial (Standard)
  • HY-12688
    Succinyl phosphonate
    		Inhibitor
    Succinyl phosphonate is an α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC) inhibitor, effective inhibits (KGDHC) in muscle, bacterial, brain, and cultured human fibroblasts. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is an 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) inhibitor, impairs viability of cancer cells in a cell-specific metabolism-dependent manner. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt inhibits the glutamate-induced ROS production in glutamate-stimulated hippocampal neurons in situ.
    Succinyl phosphonate
  • HY-B0914R
    10-Undecenoic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    10-Undecenoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 10-Undecenoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    10-Undecenoic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N0411R
    β-Carotene (Standard)
    		Modulator
    β-Carotene (Standard) is the analytical standard of β-Carotene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.
    β-Carotene (Standard)
  • HY-W026772S1
    Fluorene-d8
    Fluorene-d8 is the deuterium labeled Fluorene (HY-W026772). Fluorene is an orally active polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and a precursor to other fluorene-based compounds. Fluorene and its derivatives serve as dye precursors for fluorene synthesis. In A549 cells, Fluorene induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by increasing ROS and SOD generation, exacerbating lipid peroxidation, modulating antioxidant enzyme activity, and upregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6. In vivo, Fluorene exhibits anxiolytic activity. Fluorene holds potential for research in inflammation and neurological disorders.
    Fluorene-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-122921
    5-Galloylquinic acid
    		99.37%
    5-Galloylquinic acid, an main scavenger of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in green tea.
    5-Galloylquinic acid
  • HY-NP192
    Sericin
    		Inhibitor
    Sericin is a type of spherical protein that can be isolated from silk cocoons. Sericin is a cognitive enhancer and pain reliever. Sericin is a fetal bovine serum- or DMSO-replacing cryoprotectant agent. Sericin reduces oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sericin can repair wounds by producing collagen. Sericin has antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, skin moisturizer, wound healing, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and anti-tumor protector.
    Sericin
  • HY-124313
    1-Methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide
    		Inhibitor
    1-Methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide is a derivative of nicotinamide, with radical scavenging activity.
    1-Methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide
  • HY-N10902
    Methyl pheophorbide a
    		Inducer 99.57%
    Methyl pheophorbide a is a natural product, one of the chlorophyll-a derivatives. Methyl pheophorbide a is a photosensitizer that produces singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light of specific wavelength, thereby leading to cell death.
    Methyl pheophorbide a
  • HY-B0166S8
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C6-1
    		99.15%
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C6-1 (L-Ascorbate-1; Vitamin C-13C6-1) is a 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid (HY-B0166). L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells.
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity