2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0772
    Isomangiferin
    		Inhibitor 99.60%
    Isomangiferin is an orally active xanthone C-glucoside, and its chemical structure is similar to Mangiferin (HY-N0290). Isomangiferin is an effective VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitor, which can induces cell apoptosis, inhibit the growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of breast cancer. Isomangiferin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the HMGB1/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby improving the renal function indicators of diabetic mice. Isomangiferin exhibits inhibitory effects on various bacteria and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Isomangiferin promotes the migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and reduces cell apoptosis and the production of ROS by activating the AMPK/ACC pathway, thereby facilitating fracture healing.
    Isomangiferin
  • HY-144635
    Nrf2-ARE/hMAO-B/QR2 modulator 1
    		Inhibitor 98.42%
    Nrf2-ARE/hMAO-B/QR2 modulator 1 is a Resveratrol-based multitarget-directed ligands with IC50s of 8.05, 9.83 and 0.57 μM for hMAO-B, NRF2 and QR2. Nrf2-ARE/hMAO-B/QR2 modulator 1 has neuroprotection, decreasing ROS production in okadaic acid-treated mice hippocampal slices. Nrf2-ARE/hMAO-B/QR2 modulator 1 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Nrf2-ARE/hMAO-B/QR2 modulator 1
  • HY-B1453S1
    (±)-Carnitine-d9 chloride
    		≥99.0%
    (±)-Carnitine-d9 (chloride) is the deuterium labeled (±)-Carnitine chloride. (±)-Carnitine chloride exists in two isomers, known as D and L. L-carnitine plays an essential role in the β-oxidation of fatty acids and also shows antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
    (±)-Carnitine-d<sub>9</sub> chloride
  • HY-N3307
    (+)-Medioresinol
    		Activator 98.88%
    (+)-Medioresinol is a furofuran-type lignan with antifungal and antibacterial properties. (+)-Medioresinol synergizes with antibiotics to exert antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects. (+)-Medioresinol induces intracellular ROS accumulation and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in Candida albicans. (+)-Medioresinol inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-stimulated IL-12p40 production. (+)-Medioresinol is a PGC-1α activator that protects against endothelial cell pyroptosis in ischemic stroke via the PPARα-GOT1 axis. (+)-Medioresinol can be used in research on fungal and bacterial infection, inflammation, and ischemic stroke.
    (+)-Medioresinol
  • HY-N2008
    Luteolin 5-O-glucoside
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Luteolin 5-O-glucoside, a major flavonoidfrom Cirsium maackii, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside inhibits LPS-induced NO production and t-BHP-induced ROS generation. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages.
    Luteolin 5-O-glucoside
  • HY-W015026
    Isobutylparaben
    		Inducer 98.87%
    Isobutylparaben (Isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) is the agonist for PXR, CAR and PPAR. Isobutylparaben has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and widely used in personal care products and cosmetics.
    Isobutylparaben
  • HY-N2303
    Eriocalyxin B
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Eriocalyxin B is a diterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Chinese herb Isodon eriocalyx. Eriocalyxin B exhibits multiple activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and inhibition of adipogenesis. Eriocalyxin B is capable of inducing apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells. Eriocalyxin B can be used in the research of cancers, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions.
    Eriocalyxin B
  • HY-114520
    TT01001
    		Inhibitor 99.38%
    TT01001 is a selective and orally active mitoNEET agonist and a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor (IC50 = 8.84 μM). TT01001 does not activate PPARγ but interacts with MitoNEET. TT01001 attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis by preventing mitoNEET-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. TT01001 improves type II diabetes and ameliorates mitochondrial function of mice. TT01001 can used for the studies of type II diabetes and neurological disorders .
    TT01001
  • HY-N10303
    Withangulatin A
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Withangulatin A is the inhibitor for COX-2. Withangulatin A inhibits MAPK, NF-κB, Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory and trypanocidal activities.
    Withangulatin A
  • HY-N0411R
    β-Carotene (Standard)
    		Modulator
    β-Carotene (Standard) is the analytical standard of β-Carotene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.
    β-Carotene (Standard)
  • HY-NP192
    Sericin
    		Inhibitor
    Sericin is a type of spherical protein that can be isolated from silk cocoons. Sericin is a cognitive enhancer and pain reliever. Sericin is a fetal bovine serum- or DMSO-replacing cryoprotectant agent. Sericin reduces oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sericin can repair wounds by producing collagen. Sericin has antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, skin moisturizer, wound healing, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and anti-tumor protector.
    Sericin
  • HY-124313
    1-Methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide
    		Inhibitor
    1-Methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide is a derivative of nicotinamide, with radical scavenging activity.
    1-Methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide
  • HY-W275295
    Perfluorododecanoic acid
    		Activator
    Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) is a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) found in lake trout. Perfluorododecanoic acid decreases the viability of PC12 cells. Perfluorododecanoic acid also increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells.
    Perfluorododecanoic acid
  • HY-114911
    Feprazone
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Feprazone (DA2370; Prenazone), an analogue of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Feprazone acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Feprazone ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Feprazone can decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, Feprazone can suppress adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in differentiating 3 T3-L1 cells. Feprazone also can be used to research atherosclerosis and obesity.
    Feprazone
  • HY-B1946S
    Dimethoate-d6
    		Inducer
    Dimethoate-d6 is the deuterium labeled Dimethoate. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. Dimethoate is an orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Dimethoate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dimethoate induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis in vivo. Dimethoate affect immune system in mice.
    Dimethoate-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-W011787
    DPPD
    		Inhibitor 98.02%
    DPPD (N,N′-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine) is an orally active polymerization inhibitor and antioxidant with antioxidative activity. DPPD causes reproductive/developmental toxicity in rats. DPPD is widely used in rubber, oils, and feedstuffs, especially for tires in the rubber industry.
    DPPD
  • HY-N2784
    8-Prenyldaidzein
    		Inhibitor 99.53%
    8-Prenyldaidzein is an isoflavonoid, that can be isolated from Bituminaria morisiana. 8-Prenyldaidzein shows antioxidant activity.
    8-Prenyldaidzein
  • HY-W014423S3
    L-Histidine-13C6,15N3 hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.53%
    L-Histidine-13C6,15N3 hydrochloride hydrate is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-132426S
    Thiram-d12
    		Activator 99.90%
    Thiram-d12 is the deuterium labeled Thiram. Thiram, a fungicides, is widely used on seeds and as foliar agent on turf, vegetables and fruit.Thiram acts as a vulcanization accelerator in the rubber industry. Thiram induces antioxidant defense and oxidative stress. Thiram can act as a prooxidant resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Thiram-d<sub>12</sub>
  • HY-W016794
    NSC3852
    		Inducer
    NSC3852 exhibits anti-proliferative activity against cancer cell MCF-7. NSC3852 promotes the ROS generation, DNA damage, and apoptosis in MCF-7. NSC3852 exhibits anti-tumor against leukemia in mouse model
    NSC3852
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity