2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N5092
    7-Methylcoumarin
    		99.93%
    7-Methylcoumarin is a coumarin derivative with potent hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. 7-Methylcoumarin is a mechanism-based inhibitor for CYP2A6. 7-Methylcoumarin significantly decreases alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and serum bilirubin (TB) in rats with CCl4-induced liver damage, whilst restoring total protein (TP) and albumin (TA) levels in serum as well as preventing oxidative stress. 7-Methylcoumarin can decline mitotic activity of A. sativum promeristem.
    7-Methylcoumarin
  • HY-B1245
    Salsalate
    		98.86%
    Salsalate is a potent antirheumatic drug with oral activity that reduces irritation during gastric absorption and avoids direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase. Salsalate not only has significant anti-inflammatory effects, but also reduces blood sugar levels, improves insulin resistance, and reduces the expression of cytokines. Salsalate can protect mice from metabolic disorders caused by high-fat diet and effectively improve the symptoms of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis[2 ].
    Salsalate
  • HY-128972
    Purpurin 18
    Purpurin 18, a derivative of chlorophyll and a type of dihydroporphyrin, is used to produce photosensitizers. Purpurin 18 photodynamic therapy can induce cell apoptosis and has anti-tumor activity.
    Purpurin 18
  • HY-W011215
    Dihexyl phthalate
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Dihexyl phthalate is one of the commonly used phthalate esters in various plastics and consumer products. Dihexyl phthalate is classified as a priority pollutant and an endocrine disruptor. Dihexyl phthalate can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, promote inflammation, and lead to significant increases in apoptosis and inflammation-related gene expression levels. Dihexyl phthalate can cause testicular atrophy and is a reproductive toxicant.
    Dihexyl phthalate
  • HY-W026772
    Fluorene
    		Inducer 99.35%
    Fluorene is an orally active polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and a precursor to other fluorene-based compounds. Fluorene and its derivatives serve as dye precursors for fluorene synthesis. In A549 cells, Fluorene induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by increasing ROS and SOD generation, exacerbating lipid peroxidation, modulating antioxidant enzyme activity, and upregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6. In vivo, Fluorene exhibits anxiolytic activity. Fluorene holds potential for research in inflammation and neurological disorders.
    Fluorene
  • HY-125999
    EPI-589
    		Inhibitor 99.34%
    EPI-589, a quinone derivative, is a safe and well tolerated oxidoreductase enzyme inhibitor and a free radical scavenger, with blood-brain barrier permeable and orally available. EPI-589 is a redox-active neuroprotectant that effectively delays the symptoms of motor neuron disease in wobbler mice. EPI-589 can be used in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research.
    EPI-589
  • HY-128799A
    CL097 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.96%
    CL097, a potent TLR7 and TLR8 agonist, induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. CL097 induces NADPH oxidase priming, resulting in an increase of the fMLF-stimulated ROS production.
    CL097 hydrochloride
  • HY-N2035
    Moslosooflavone
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Moslosooflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata. Moslosooflavone has an anti-hypoxia and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Moslosooflavone
  • HY-B1453
    (±)-Carnitine chloride
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    (±)-Carnitine chloride exists in two isomers, known as D and L. L-carnitine plays an essential role in the β-oxidation of fatty acids and also shows antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
    (±)-Carnitine chloride
  • HY-N0929
    Hexahydrocurcumin
    		99.88%
    Hexahydrocurcumin is one of the major metabolites of curcumin and a selective, orally active COX-2 inhibitor. Hexahydrocurcumin is inactive against COX-1. Hexahydrocurcumin has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Hexahydrocurcumin
  • HY-75342
    Methyl vanillate
    		99.88%
    Methyl vanillate, one of the ingredients in Oryza sativa Linn., is a Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator. A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite.
    Methyl vanillate
  • HY-W014395
    Dithiodipropionic acid
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Dithiodipropionic acid can interact with CPUL1 (HY-151802) (a TrxR inhibitor) to form nanoaggregates (CPUL1-DA NAs). CPUL1-DA NAs generates more abundant ROS to induce cell apoptosis than that of free CPUL1, and improves antitumor efficacy against HUH7 cancer cells.
    Dithiodipropionic acid
  • HY-N1478
    Gardenoside
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Gardenoside is an orally active natural compound found in Gardenia fruits. Gardenoside reliefs chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain by regulating the P2X3 and P2X7 receptors. Gardenoside has an inhibitory effect on free fatty acids (FFA)-induced cellular steatosis. Gardenoside reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gardenoside can be used for anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and hepatoprotective study.
    Gardenoside
  • HY-W015229S
    3-Indolepropionic acid-d2
    		99.78%
    3-Indolepropionic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled 3-Indolepropionic acid. 3-Indolepropionic acid is shown to be a powerful antioxidant and has potential in the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
    3-Indolepropionic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-N7137
    Norgestrel
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Norgestrel is a synthetic analog of progesterone, a compound commonly found in oral contraceptive pill, and a powerful neuroprotective antioxidant, preventing light-induced ROS in photoreceptor cells, and cell death. Norgestrel is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Norgestrel
  • HY-N0914
    Ajugol
    		Inhibitor 99.13%
    Ajugol is an orally active iridoid glycoside found in the traditional Chinese medicine Leonurus japonicus. Ajugol is an autophagy activator. Ajugol activates TFEB-mediated autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Ajugol also has anti-inflammatory effects. Ajugol has great potential in the research of asthma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and osteoarthritis.
    Ajugol
  • HY-W103047
    1-Pyrenebutyric acid
    1-Pyrenebutyric acid is a fluorescence probe whose fluorescence lifetime depends on local oxygen and free radical concentrations. 1-Pyrenebutyric acid is used in fluorescence determination of DNA. 1-Pyrenebutyric acid can be used as a linker for biomolecules to form a self-assembled monolayer on grapheme. 1-Pyrenebutyric acid can also be used for the measurement of free radicals in solution and in living cells.
    1-Pyrenebutyric acid
  • HY-N7063
    Nerol
    		Activator 98.97%
    Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity.
    Nerol
  • HY-149265
    ROS-generating agent 1
    		Inducer 99.11%
    ROS-generating agent 1 (Compound 2c) covalently modifies the Sec-498 residue of TrxR to generate ROS. ROS-generating agent 1 reduces intracellular TrxR protein level. ROS-generating agent 1 results in ROS-dependent apoptosis and ferroptosis of NCI-H460 cells. ROS-generating agent 1 has anti-cancer activities.
    ROS-generating agent 1
  • HY-W014901
    Bisphenol F
    		Activator 99.83%
    Bisphenol F is an orally active endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol F promotes ROS generation, upregulates p-AKT/p-GSK3β, and induces Apoptosis. Bisphenol F interferes with glucose metabolism, affects neurodevelopment and reproductive function. Bisphenol F reduces social novelty preference in mouse offspring. Bisphenol F can be used in bone, blood, and fat-related studies. Bisphenol F is used as a substitute for Bisphenol A (HY-18260).
    Bisphenol F
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity