2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-113341
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol
    		Agonist 99.98%
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol is an oxysterol that derived by the oxidation of cholesterol. 7β-hydroxycholesterol can induce cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis, resulting in cytotoxicity. 7β-hydroxycholesterol has antitumor activity.
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol
  • HY-108915
    Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate
    		Activator 99.86%
    Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.
    Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate
  • HY-B2130S1
    Uric acid-15N2
    		99.60%
    Uric acid-15N2 is the 15N labeled Uric acid. Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Uric acid-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-N0154
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is a synthetic glycoside chalcone, is added to various foods and beverages as a low caloric artificial sweetener.
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
  • HY-D0187R
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard)
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutathione reduced. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard)
  • HY-N2406
    Dihydrocaffeic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    Dihydrocaffeic acid is a microbial metabolite of flavonoids. Dihydrocaffeic acid scavenges intracellular ROS and increases nitric oxide synthase activity. Dihydrocaffeic acid reduces phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and prevent UVB-induced skin damage. Dihydrocaffeic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cartilage degradation activities.
    Dihydrocaffeic acid
  • HY-15311
    Avermectin B1
    		Inducer 99.48%
    Avermectin B1 (Abamectin) is a mixture of two similar segments of avermectin. Avermectin B1 is an orally anti-infection agent, which can be used in the research of parasitic worms, insect pests, agriculture and animal husbandry. Avermectin B1 can also induce the production of ROS and induces cytotoxicity, apoptosis and autophagy.
    Avermectin B1
  • HY-N6804
    Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate
    		99.94%
    Diammonium glycyrrhizinate is a substance that can be extracted and purified from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate has anti-inflammatory effect, resistance to biologic oxidation, membranous protection and a weak steroidal action. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate exerts protective effect by downregulating inflammation cytokines, suppressing the NF-κB pathway, and restoring superoxide dismutase. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate can be used as a hepatic protector and can therefore be studied in research for most liver diseases.
    Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate
  • HY-N0753
    Eupalinolide B
    		Activator 99.48%
    Eupalinolide B is a germ sesquiterpene. Eupalinolide B can be isolated from Eupatorium lindleyanum. Eupalinolide B induces Apoptosis, elevates ROS, promotes Autophagy. regulates GSK-3β/β-catenin, targets UBE2D3 and TAK1, activates ROS-ER-JNK, inhibits NF-κB and MAPKs. Eupalinolide B has anticancer activity against pancreatic cancer and liver cancer. Eupalinolide B relieves rheumatoid arthritis, acute lung injury, periodontitis, depression.
    Eupalinolide B
  • HY-N0408
    Picroside II
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Picroside II is an antioxidant with oral activity that can reduce the production of ROS and protect the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after CI/R injury, offering neuroprotective effects. Picroside II has antioxidant, immune-regulating, antiviral properties, and inhibits apoptosis. Picroside II alleviates the inflammatory response in sepsis by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways.
    Picroside II
  • HY-W013242
    Gondoic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts. Gondoic acid can exert anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of ROS and the PKCθ/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Gondoic acid can be used as a raw material for medical supplies and a moisturizing ingredient in cosmetic creams.
    Gondoic acid
  • HY-19204
    Zinc phthalocyanine
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) is commonly applied in industry (catalysts, photoconductors) and biomedical (photodynamic therapy, PDT). Zinc phthalocyanine can be used to photooxidise cyclohexane and is promising for research of solar-cell applications.
    Zinc phthalocyanine
  • HY-124410
    Mitoquinol
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    Mitoquinol is an orally active mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mitoquinol can regulate mitochondrial respiration and oxidation. Mitoquinol inhibits ROS production, and improves phagocytosis and glycolysis in ethanol-exposed macrophages via the HIF-1α-PFKP axis. Additionally, Mitoquinol can partially alleviate heat stress-induced decreases in growth performance, inflammatory responses, and metabolic disorders in pigs.
    Mitoquinol
  • HY-N0512
    Loganin
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Loganin is a type of iridoid glycoside compound that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties, and offers protective effects against acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. Loganin exerts its protective effects against LPS (HY-D1056)-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and it reduces neuroinflammation caused by spinal cord injury (SCI).
    Loganin
  • HY-149394
    PRDX1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.04%
    PRDX1-IN-1 is a selective inhibtor of PRDX1 with an IC50 value of 0.164 μM. PRDX1-IN-1 can be used in researches related to cancer.PRDX1-IN-1 promots intracellular ROS accumulation, and inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of cancer cells besides inducing apoptosis. PRDX1-IN-1 could be used in cancer research.
    PRDX1-IN-1
  • HY-B1115
    Buspirone hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Buspirone hydrochloride is a 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Buspirone hydrochloride can be used for anxiety and depression research.
    Buspirone hydrochloride
  • HY-153591
    ROS-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.14%
    ROS-IN-1 is a mitochondrial ROS inhibitor. ROS-IN-1 can reduce oxidative stress or inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
    ROS-IN-1
  • HY-N0226A
    Epiberberine chloride
    		99.02%
    Epiberberine chloride is an alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis, acts as a potent AChE and BChE inhibitor, and a non-competitive BACE1 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.07, 6.03 and 8.55 μM, respectively. Epiberberine chloride has antioxidant activity, with peroxynitrite ONOO- scavenging effect (IC50, 16.83 μM), and may protect against Alzheimer disease. Epiberberine chloride inhibits the early stage of differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, downregulates the Raf/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and AMPKα/Akt pathways. Epiberberine has the potential effect in the research of diabetic disease.
    Epiberberine chloride
  • HY-W010201
    Citronellol
    		Activator 98.40%
    Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis.
    Citronellol
  • HY-N0404
    Sinigrin
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Sinigrin (Allyl-glucosinolate) is an orally active glucosinolate found in cruciferous plants. Sinigrin possesses multiple activities such as anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and inhibition of fat synthesis. Sinigrin can be used in the research of tumors, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases.
    Sinigrin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity