2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0430A
    D-Pantothenic acid sodium
    		Inducer 99.5%
    D-Pantothenic acid sodium (Sodium pantothenate) is an essential trace nutrient that functions as the obligate precursor of coenzyme A (CoA). D-Pantothenic acid sodium plays key roles in myriad biological processes, including many that regulate carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism.
    D-Pantothenic acid sodium
  • HY-100753
    STAT3-IN-1
    		Inducer
    STAT3-IN-1 (compound 7d) is an excellent, selective and orally active STAT3 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 1.82 μM and 2.14 μM in HT29 and MDA-MB 231 cells, respectively. STAT3-IN-1 (compound 7d) induces tumor cells apoptosis.
    STAT3-IN-1
  • HY-N0255
    alpha-Hederin
    		Inducer 99.11%
    alpha-Hederin (α-Hederin), a monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponin, exhibits promising antitumor potential against a variety of human cancer cell lines. alpha-Hederin could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of gastric cancer accompanied by glutathione decrement and reactive oxygen species generation via activating mitochondrial dependent pathway.
    alpha-Hederin
  • HY-13287
    SGI-1776 free base
    		Inducer 99.96%
    SGI-1776 free base is an inhibitor of Pim kinases, with IC50s of 7 nM, 363 nM, and 69 nM for Pim-1, -2 and -3, respectively.
    SGI-1776 free base
  • HY-15858A
    AP-III-a4 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.24%
    AP-III-a4 (ENOblock) hydrochloride is a nonsubstrate analogue enolase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.576 uM. AP-III-a4 hydrochloride can be used for the research of cancer and diabetic.
    AP-III-a4 hydrochloride
  • HY-12014
    SU11274
    		Inducer 98.82%
    SU11274 is a selective Met inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM, but has no effects on PGDFRβ, EGFR or Tie2.
    SU11274
  • HY-112852
    TL02-59
    		Inducer 99.84%
    TL02-59 is an orally active, selective Src-family kinase Fgr inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.03 nM. TL02-59 inhibits Lyn and Hck with IC50s of 0.1 nM and 160 nM, respectively. TL02-59 potently suppresses acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell growth.
    TL02-59
  • HY-17003
    Saquinavir mesylate
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) mesylate is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir mesylate also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir mesylate
  • HY-N0017
    Bergenin
    		Inducer 99.34%
    Bergenin is a cytoprotective and antioxidative polyphenol found in many medicinal plants. Bergenin has a wide spectrum activities such as hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antiviral, and antifungal properties.
    Bergenin
  • HY-15815
    Bromosporine
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Bromosporine, a chemical probe, is a potent BET inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.1 μM for PCAF. Bromosporine can arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Bromosporine exhibits excellent antitumor activity in xenograft mice model when combined with 5-Fluorouracil (HY-90006). Bromosporine can increase CDK9 T-loop phosphorylation in HIV-1 latency models, resulting the protection of reactivate HIV-1 replication from latency. Bromosporine can be used to research colorectal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and AIDS.
    Bromosporine
  • HY-P99053
    Tralokinumab
    		Inhibitor 99.12%
    Tralokinumab (CAT354) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to and neutralizes IL-13. Tralokinumab can be used in the research of diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and pulmonary fibrosis.
    Tralokinumab
  • HY-17583
    Griseofulvin
    		Inducer 98.93%
    Griseofulvin is an orally active antifungal antibiotic with antitumor activity. Griseofulvin induces apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Griseofulvin also has cardiovascular modulatory activity, reducing angina pectoris, relieving hand artery spasm associated with onychomycosis, and peripheral vascular diseases such as shoulder-hand syndrome.
    Griseofulvin
  • HY-N6952
    Geraniol
    		Inducer 99.79%
    Geraniol is an olefin terpene with oral activity. Geraniol inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Geraniol has antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Geraniol can be used to study diabetes.
    Geraniol
  • HY-B1260
    Cetrimonium bromide
    		98.0%
    Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), a quaternary ammonium, is an orally active cationic surfaetant. Cetrimonium bromide has toxicity and anticancer effect. Cetrimonium bromide inhibits cell migration and invasion through modulating the canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways. Cetrimonium bromide can be used for DNA extraction.
    Cetrimonium bromide
  • HY-100958
    4-DAMP
    		Inducer 99.96%
    4-DAMP (4-DAMP methiodide) is a potent and selective antagonist of M3 receptors and also has a high affinity for the closely-related M5 receptors. 4-DAMP combined with 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) (HY-90006) could significantly reduce the cell viability and enhance apoptosis in MKN45 and BGC823 gastric cancer cells. 4-DAMP inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and tobacco-induced pulmonary inflammation and reduces mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), oligomeric mucus/gel-forming secretion.
    4-DAMP
  • HY-78131S
    Ibuprofen-d3
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Ibuprofen-d3 is a deuterium labeled Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM.
    Ibuprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N3584
    Paris saponin VII
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia.
    Paris saponin VII
  • HY-W001083
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.03%
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an orally active flavonoid metabolite produced by intestinal flora, with blood pressure-lowering activity. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can also inhibit ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of GPX4, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, abnormal levels of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid are closely related to certain diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders.
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
  • HY-B0114
    Oxcarbazepine
    		Activator 99.90%
    Oxcarbazepine is a sodium channel blocker. Oxcarbazepine significantly inhibits glioblastoma cell growth and induces apoptosis or G2/M arrest in glioblastoma cell lines. Anti-cancer and anticonvulsant effects.
    Oxcarbazepine
  • HY-139348
    PFI-90
    		Inducer 99.86%
    PFI-90 is a selective inhibitor of histone demethylase (KDM3B) that inhibits PAX3-FOXO1 action. PFI-90 induces apoptosis and myogenic differentiation, resulting in the cell death increased. PFI-90 has the potential for the antitumor activity. (patent WO2021101929A1).
    PFI-90
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity