Melanoma

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer originating from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin or mucosal surfaces, capable of spreading to distant organs such as lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain. It often appears as a changing mole with irregular features including asymmetry, uneven borders, varied colors, increased size, and evolving characteristics. Although less common than other skin cancers like basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, melanoma is more aggressive and has a higher potential for metastasis, accounting for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Risk factors include a high number of moles, genetic predisposition, and prior history of melanoma. Early detection significantly improves outcomes, with approximately 90% of patients surviving at least five years after diagnosis. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Melanoma can develop from existing moles or new skin growths and underscores the importance of skin cancer prevention, screening, and ongoing research.

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