2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-121174
    Alaternin
    		Inhibitor
    Alaternin (Catharticin) is an anthraquinone compound with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Alaternin has an inhibitory activity against hydroxyl radicals generated in a cell-free chemical system (FeSO4/H2O2) with an IC50 value of 3.05 μM. Alaternin exhibits hepatoprotective activity against Tacrine (HY-111338)-induced toxicity in human hepatic HepG2 cells with an EC50 value of 4.02 μM.
    Alaternin
  • HY-N12545
    Magnoloside F
    		Inhibitor
    Magnoloside F is a natural compound that can be isolated from the Magnolia officinalis, and has antioxidant activity.
    Magnoloside F
  • HY-B0356S2
    Ciprofloxacin-d4
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin-d4 (Bay-09867-d4) is deuterium labeled Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-W587743
    N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) hydrochloride is an active metabolite of the neurohormone melatonin (HY-B0075). N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride (200 µM) effectively scavenges singlet oxygen (ROS).1 It also inhibits the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) induced by epinephrine and arachidonic acid in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and suppresses the increase in COX-2 levels induced by LPS (HY-D1056) in RAW 264.7 macrophages at a concentration of 500 µM. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP (HY-15608), N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) reduces the increase in lipid peroxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria of the substantia nigra and striatum. N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride can be used in research on metabolic and neurological diseases
    N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride
  • HY-B0553R
    Methazolamide (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Methazolamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methazolamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methazolamide (L584601) is a BBB-penetrable and orally active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, with a Ki of 14 nM for human carbonic anhydrase II. Methazolamide can reduce intraocular pressure and has a neuroprotective effect, being able to inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Methazolamide can be used in the research of ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma and cerebrovascular diseases such as subarachnoid hemorrhage.
    Methazolamide (Standard)
  • HY-B1315R
    Carbaryl (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Carbaryl (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carbaryl (HY-B1315). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide.
    Carbaryl (Standard)
  • HY-175295A
    Anti-MRSA agent 33 iodide
    		Inducer
    Anti-MRSA agent 33 iodide is an anti-Methicillin (HY-121544)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) agent, with MIC values of 2-4 μg/mL. Anti-MRSA agent 33 iodide demonstrates effective biofilm eradication and minimal cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. Anti-MRSA agent 33 iodide specifically binds to phosphatidylglycerol (PG) on bacterial membranes, leading to membrane disruption, excessive production of ROS, and metabolic collapse, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. Anti-MRSA agent 33 iodide reduces bacterial load in a murine skin infection model.
    Anti-MRSA agent 33 iodide
  • HY-18258R
    Berberine chloride (Standard)
    		Activator
    Berberine (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Berberine (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Berberine chloride is an alkaloid that acts as an antibiotic. Berberine chloride induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Antineoplastic properties.
    Berberine chloride (Standard)
  • HY-B0914B
    10-Undecenoic acid (copper)
    		Inhibitor
    10-Undecenoic acid copper (Undecylenic acid copper) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid copper inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid copper has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid copper has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid copper inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid copper inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    10-Undecenoic acid (copper)
  • HY-169483
    PDIC-NC
    PDIC-NC is a STING agonist. PDIC-NC is cytotoxic to tumor cells and induces ROS explosion, apoptosis and autophagy. PDIC-NC has lung specific distribution and can be used in the study of lung cancer.
    PDIC-NC
  • HY-W874892
    Cannabidiphorol
    		Activator
    Cannabidiphorol (CBDP) is a phytocannabinoid that increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activates cellular pathways related to ROS signaling. Cannabidiphorol inhibits cell viability of breast cancer cells.
    Cannabidiphorol
  • HY-N13221
    Apple Cider Vinegar Powder
    		Inhibitor
    Apple Cider Vinegar Powder is a soluble powdered form of apple cider vinegar. Apple Cider Vinegar Powder has anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and antibiotic properties and can help maintain the acid-base balance in the blood. Apple Cider Vinegar Powder can lower blood sugar and lipid levels. Apple Cider Vinegar Powder is used in research related to tumors, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
    Apple Cider Vinegar Powder
  • HY-W021267R
    3-Demethylcolchicine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    3-Demethylcolchicine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Demethylcolchicine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Demethylcolchicine, a colchicine metabolite, possesses a hydroxy-group on its carbon ring that could participate in radical scavenging and markedly inhibits the carrageenin edema.
    3-Demethylcolchicine (Standard)
  • HY-N0501R
    11-oxo-mogroside V (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    11-oxo-mogroside V (Standard) is the analytical standard of 11-oxo-mogroside V. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 11-oxo-mogroside V is a natural sweetener that exhibits strong antioxidant activity. It exhibits significant inhibitory effects on reactive oxygen species (O2-, H2O2 and *OH) with EC50 of 4.79, 16.52, and 146.17 μg/mL, respectively.
    11-oxo-mogroside V (Standard)
  • HY-N7697D
    Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride is a chitosan oligosaccharide with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and cardioprotective activities. Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride significantly enhances the growth and photosynthesis parameters of wheat seedlings.
    Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride
  • HY-D1468
    Phototherapeutic agent-1
    Phototherapeutic agent-1 is a multi-modal light diagnosis agent with aggregation-induced emission properties. have certain Phototherapeutic agent-1 has certain reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity in illumination condition. Phototherapeutic agent-1 can effectively kill cancer cells and tumor tissue.
    Phototherapeutic agent-1
  • HY-U00319
    Lipid peroxidation inhibitor 1
    Lipid peroxidation inhibitor 1 is a lipid peroxidation inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.07 μM.
    Lipid peroxidation inhibitor 1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity