2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14937R
    Succinobucol (Standard)
    Succinobucol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Succinobucol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Succinobucol is a phenolic antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects.
    Succinobucol (Standard)
  • HY-B0004R
    Doxofylline (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Doxofylline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Doxofylline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Doxofylline is an orally active PDE IV inhibitor and A1AR antagonist. Doxofylline reduces inflammation in epithelial cells via inhibiting mitochondrial ROS production and amelioration of multiple cellular pathways (NLRP3-TXNIP inflammasome activation). Doxophylline can be used in studies of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchospasm.
    Doxofylline (Standard)
  • HY-14914R
    Azilsartan (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Azilsartan (Standard) is the analytical standard of Azilsartan. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Azilsartan (TAK-536) is an orally active, potent, selective and specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. Azilsartan induces ROS formation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Azilsartan shows neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Azilsartan can be used for hypertension and stroke research.
    Azilsartan (Standard)
  • HY-N2720
    6-O-Caffeoylarbutin
    		Inhibitor
    6-O-Caffeoylarbutin (Robustaside B) possesses antioxidant activity. 6-O-Caffeoylarbutin ameliorates neurological functions and deficits in ischemic mice.
    6-O-Caffeoylarbutin
  • HY-B2188R
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine (Standard)
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of S-Methyl-L-cysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. S-Methyl-L-cysteine is a natural product that acts as a substrate in the catalytic antioxidant system mediated by methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA), with antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity activities.
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine (Standard)
  • HY-N6043R
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate (Standard) is a prodrug of Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). Hydroxytyrosol acetate (Standard) is converted into the active form of Hydroxytyrosol in vivo. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenol found in the olive oil. Hydroxytyrosol can alleviate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. Hydroxytyrosol can induce cancer cells apoptosis via inducing ROS production. Hydroxytyrosol shows antibacterial and antiviral effect. Hydroxytyrosol can be used for the researches of cancer, infection, inflammation, immunology, metabolic, neurological and cardiovascular disease, such as colon cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's Disease and atherosclerosis .
    Hydroxytyrosol acetate (Standard)
  • HY-16488R
    Temoporfin (Standard)
    Temoporfin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Temoporfin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Temoporfin (m-THPC), a reduced porphyrin, is a potent second-generation photosensitizer. Temoporfin can be used in the research of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for head and neck cancers.
    Temoporfin (Standard)
  • HY-B1946R
    Dimethoate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Dimethoate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dimethoate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. Dimethoate is an orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Dimethoate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dimethoate induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis in vivo. Dimethoate affect immune system in mice.
    Dimethoate (Standard)
  • HY-N12914
    Tanzawaic acid B
    		Inhibitor
    Tanzawaic acid B ((+)-Tanzawaic acid B; GS-1302-1; 10-Deoxytanzawaic acid E) is a superoxide anion production inhibitor and can be isolated from Penicillium citrinum.
    Tanzawaic acid B
  • HY-N10083
    Selaginellin
    		Inhibitor
    Selaginellin is an inhibitor of Reactive Oxygen Species and an activator of SIRT1. Selaginellin protects endothelial cells against homocysteine-induced senescence by inhibitng reactive oxygen species and upregulating SIRT1 gene expression.
    Selaginellin
  • HY-N15440
    Mutatochrome
    		Inhibitor
    Mutatochrome (Citroxanthin) is a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment found in certain plants. Mutatochrome has antioxidant property to help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Mutatochrome can be used for anti-inflammatory and anticancer study.
    Mutatochrome
  • HY-178033
    Antileishmanial agent-35
    		Inducer
    Antileishmanial agent-35 (Compound 6) is an antileishmanial agent with an IC50 of 0.29μM for promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Antileishmanial agent-35 significantly decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, and further increases the production of ROS by a blockage in the electron transport chain, where ubiquinone intervenes. Antileishmanial agent-35 can be used for cutaneous leishmaniases research.
    Antileishmanial agent-35
  • HY-N15497
    Terpestacin
    		Inhibitor
    Terpestacin is found in Phoma exigua var. heteromorpha. Terpestacin binds to UQCRB to inhibit the production of mitochondrial ROS and HIF-1α. Terpestacin inhibits tumor angiogenesis in the FM3A breast cancer cell xenograft mouse model. Terpestacin has antitumor activity and phytotoxicity.
    Terpestacin
  • HY-121556
    Rufigallol
    		Inducer
    Rufigallol is one of the earliest systems reported to form columnar mesophases. Rufigallol is also an oxidant agent. Rufigallol acts in a pro-oxidant fashion to produce oxygen radicals inside parasitized erythrocytes. Rufigallol has vitamin K activity and antimalarial activity.
    Rufigallol
  • HY-100561R
    Tempol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tempol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tempol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Tempol (Standard)
  • HY-128973R
    Pyropheophorbide-a (Standard)
    Pyropheophorbide-a (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pyropheophorbide-a. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) is a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for tumors. Pyropheophorbide-a exhibits phototoxic effects on tumor cells, such as cervical cancer cells, and also has anti-lipogenesis activity. Pyropheophorbide-a shows potential for research in the fields of cancer and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Pyropheophorbide-a derivatives also demonstrate inhibitory activity against tumor cells.
    Pyropheophorbide-a (Standard)
  • HY-125662A
    BMX-001
    		Inhibitor
    BMX-001, a novel redox-active metalloporphyrin, improves islet function and engraftment in a murine transplant model. BMX-001 reduces apoptosis in human and murine islets. BMX-001 significantly improves static-glucose stimulated insulin secretion (sGSIS) responses in murine islets. BMX-001 can significantly restore euglycemia in murine islet studies in the presence of the MnSOD. BMX-001 reduces the generation of ROS in a murine islet isolation and culture model.
    BMX-001
  • HY-151095
    Phytoene desaturase-IN-1
    		99.59%
    Phytoene desaturase-IN-1 is a potent phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitor (Kd: 65.9 μM) through π−π stacking effect with Phe301 residue. Phytoene desaturase-IN-1 shows broad spectrum of postemergence herbicidal activity. Phytoene desaturase-IN-1 induces PDS mRNA reduction, phytoene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in albino leaves. Phytoene desaturase-IN-1 can be used in the area of agricultural production.
    Phytoene desaturase-IN-1
  • HY-W014423S5
    L-Histidine-15N3 hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inhibitor
    L-Histidine-15N3 hydrochloride hydrate is the 15N-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (HY-W014423). L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate scavenges hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, regulate the absorption of zinc, copper and iron, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    L-Histidine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-N0772R
    Isomangiferin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isomangiferin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isomangiferin (HY-N0772). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isomangiferin is an orally active xanthone C-glucoside, and its chemical structure is similar to Mangiferin (HY-N0290). Isomangiferin is an effective VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitor, which can induces cell apoptosis, inhibit the growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of breast cancer. Isomangiferin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the HMGB1/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby improving the renal function indicators of diabetic mice. Isomangiferin exhibits inhibitory effects on various bacteria and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Isomangiferin promotes the migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and reduces cell apoptosis and the production of ROS by activating the AMPK/ACC pathway, thereby facilitating fracture healing.
    Isomangiferin (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity