2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-15930R
    TMB (Standard)
    TMB (Standard) is the analytical standard of TMB. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. TMB is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
    TMB (Standard)
  • HY-174388
    Antifungal agent 134
    Antifungal agent 134 (Compound B13) is an antifungal agent with EC50s of 3.24, 1.89, 1.70, 0.36, 4.27, and 1.50 μg/mL for Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum orbiculare, and Alternaria alternata, respectively. Antifungal agent 134 can disrupt the cell membrane and mitochondria of the hyphae, leading to significant ROS accumulation. Antifungal agent 134 also has significant herbicidal activities against field weeds, such as Amaranthus retroflexus L and Abutilon theophrasti Medicus. Antifungal agent 134 can be used for crop diseases and field weeds research.
    Antifungal agent 134
  • HY-121423R
    Dimethachlor (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Dimethachlor (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dimethachlor. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dimethachlor, a synthetic herbicide, inhibits the undesirable growth of weeds via the suppression of very long-chain fatty acid synthesis. Dimethachlor disrupts normal developmental processes via the induction of apoptosis and ROS production.
    Dimethachlor (Standard)
  • HY-N0520R
    Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (Standard)
    Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside is an isoflavone isolated from Astragali Radix. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside has variety of biological activities, such as neuroprotective, cardioprotection, anti-inflammation, and antioxidative stress effects.
    Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (Standard)
  • HY-P991381
    JST-TfR09
    		Agonist
    TXB4 (PPMX-T003) is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting CD71. JST-TfR09 can induce ferroptosis by reducing ferritin levels in ATLL cell lines, increasing the generation of ferrous iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inducing lipid peroxidation via malondialdehyde. JST-TfR09 can be used in leukemia research. Recommended isotype control: Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99001).
    JST-TfR09
  • HY-B2130S2
    Uric acid-13C5
    Uric acid-13C5 is the 13C-labeled Uric acid (HY-B2130). Radioactive isotopes labeled compounds can be used in metabolic analysis, allowing the movement of individual atoms to be precisely tracked and quantified.
    Uric acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-12853R
    Mesotrione (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Mesotrione (Standard) is the analytical standard of Mesotrione. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Mesotrione is a herbicide belongs to the benzoylcyclohexanedione family. Mesotrione is a potent and competitive and reversible inhibitor of HPPD enzyme. Mesotrione is selective to maize due to rapid metabolism and relative high tolerance by the susceptible crop plant.
    Mesotrione (Standard)
  • HY-156468
    Antioxidant agent-17
    		Inhibitor
    Antioxidant agent-17 (compound 59) is a potent inhibitor of superoxide anion generation activity, with an IC50 of 9.06 nM.
    Antioxidant agent-17
  • HY-118642
    D-Ribose-L-cysteine
    D-Ribose-L-cysteine ​​is an orally active cysteine ​​analog. D-Ribose-L-cysteine ​​improves cellular antioxidant capacity by enhancing intracellular glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. In addition, D-Ribose-L-cysteine ​​has a memory-enhancing effect and can reverse Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced memory impairment by inhibiting oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. D-Ribose-L-cysteine ​​can be used in the study of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
    D-Ribose-L-cysteine
  • HY-126474S
    MitoB-d15 bromide
    MitoB-d15 (bromide) is deuterium labeled MitoB (bromide). MitoB bromide is an exomarker of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. MitoB bromide is a mitochondria-targeted ratiometric probe, and can be used to measure levels of one major ROS, hydrogen peroxide, within living animals.
    MitoB-d<sub>15</sub> bromide
  • HY-B0183R
    Ellagic acid (Standard)
    Ellagic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ellagic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive inhibitor of CK2 and SHP2, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM.
    Ellagic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N2035R
    Moslosooflavone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Moslosooflavone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Moslosooflavone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Moslosooflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata. Moslosooflavone has an anti-hypoxia and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Moslosooflavone (Standard)
  • HY-W002016R
    Phthalazine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Phthalazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phthalazine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phthalazine is a substrate for human aldehyde oxidase 1, which can lead to the production of ROS and subsequent enzyme inactivation. Phthalazine is a nitrogen-containing organic heterocyclic compound. Phthalazine exhibits antitumor activity in blood cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer and renal cancer.
    Phthalazine (Standard)
  • HY-B2127R
    Azobenzene (Standard)
    Azobenzene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Azobenzene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Azobenzene can be used as an optical trigger for the design and synthesis of a large variety of photoresponsive systems.
    Azobenzene (Standard)
  • HY-N1412R
    1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Standard)
    1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative that exhibits antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity.
    1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Standard)
  • HY-116084R
    Trimethylamine N-oxide (Standard)
    		Activator
    Trimethylamine N-oxide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trimethylamine N-oxide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.
    Trimethylamine N-oxide (Standard)
  • HY-175301
    TH16
    		Activator
    TH16 is an antibacterial agent (MIC=2 μg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA). TH16 disrupts bacterial cytoplasmic membrane integrity, elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels to induce bacterial death. TH16 is promising for research of bacterial infection.
    TH16
  • HY-B0757
    Vitamin E nicotinate
    		Inhibitor
    Vitamin E nicotinate is the derivative of Vitamin E. Vitamin E nicotinate exhibits antioxidant activity and prevents lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E nicotinate upregulates levels of CD4+ T cells and IL-2, exhibits immunomodulatory activity. Vitamin E nicotinate exhibits antiplatelet and antihypertensive activities, that can be used in atherosclerosis and thrombosis ressearch.
    Vitamin E nicotinate
  • HY-131051
    Antimicrobial agent-41
    		Inhibitor
    Antimicrobial agent-41 (Compound 19) is a thiazolidinedione derivative. Antimicrobial agent-41 exhibits excellent antioxidant activity (IC50 = 27.66 μg/mL). Antimicrobial agent-41 also exhibits antidiabetic activity (IC50 = 40.01 μg/mL). Antimicrobial agent-41 has antimicrobial activity again both bacterial and fungi.
    Antimicrobial agent-41
  • HY-N0570R
    Hydroxytyrosol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Hydroxytyrosol (Standard) (DOPET (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). Hydroxytyrosol is a phenol found in the olive oil. Hydroxytyrosol can alleviate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. Hydroxytyrosol can induce cancer cells apoptosis via inducing ROS production. Hydroxytyrosol shows antibacterial and antiviral effect. Hydroxytyrosol can be used for the researches of cancer, infection, inflammation, immunology, metabolic, neurological and cardiovascular disease, such as colon cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's Disease and atherosclerosis .
    Hydroxytyrosol (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity