2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0739
    Citicoline
    		Inhibitor 99.59%
    Citicoline is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline
  • HY-17402
    Nisoldipine
    		99.56%
    Nisoldipine (BAY-k 5552; Sular) is an orally active and blood-brain barrier-penetrating dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, with greater vascular selectivity than other calcium channel antagonists. Nisoldipine inhibits calcium influx and blocks voltage-gated calcium channels. Nisoldipine dilates coronary and systemic arteries. Nisoldipine has antihypertensive and anti-anginal activity. Nisoldipine also displays neuroprotective and antiviral activity.
    Nisoldipine
  • HY-N0022
    Isoacteoside
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Isoacteoside is a natural product that can significantly inhibit the formation of glycation end products. Isoacteoside regulates the AKT/PI3K/m-TOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, induces apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cell. Isoacteoside exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and neuroprotective activities.
    Isoacteoside
  • HY-Y0525
    AAPH
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    AAPH (2,2'-Azodiisobutyramidine dihydrochloride) has an effect of radical generation. AAPH induces oxidative stress and erythrocyte hemolysis. AAPH decomposes at 37℃ to generate an alkyl radical, is used as an initiator. In the presence of oxygen, these alkyl radicals will be converted to peroxyl radicals that can cause lipid peroxidation and loss of erythrocyte membrane integrity, which could ultimately lead to hemolysis.
    AAPH
  • HY-14771A
    Imeglimin hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Imeglimin hydrochloride (EMD 387008) is an oral glucose-lowering agent. Imeglimin also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increases mitochondrial DNA and improves mitochondrial function.
    Imeglimin hydrochloride
  • HY-136386
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group, but cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway.
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine
  • HY-137383
    Sulfo-SANPAH
    		99.75%
    Sulfo-SANPAH is a primary amine-nitrobenzene azide cross-linker. Sulfo-SANPAH is widely used to crosslink ECM proteins to various substrates, including acrylic-based hydrogels, such as polyacrylamide hydrogels. Sulfo-SANPAH facilitates covalent binding through its negatively charged sulfonate group on its N-hydroxysuccinimide ester ring and a photoactivated phenyl azide group that is highly reactive with nucleophiles and free radicals.
    Sulfo-SANPAH
  • HY-19357
    Erenapurstat
    		Inducer 99.67%
    Erenapursta (E3330) is a direct, orally active and selective inhibitor of Ape-1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1)/Ref-1 (redox factor-1) redox. Erenapursta is able to impair tumor growth and blocks the activity of NF-κB, AP-1, and HIF-1α in pancreatic cancer. Erenapursta shows anticancer activities.
    Erenapurstat
  • HY-N0089
    Schisandrin B
    		99.94%
    Schisandrin B (γ-Schisandrin) is a biphenylcyclooctadiene derivative isolated from Schisandra chinensis and has been shown to have antioxidant effects on the liver and heart of rodents.
    Schisandrin B
  • HY-119412
    Biliatresone
    		Inhibitor 99.48%
    Biliatresone is a natural toxin isolated from Dysphania glomulifera and D. littoralis. Biliatresone, a 1,2-diaryl-2-propenone class of isoflavonoid, produces extrahepatic biliary atresia in a zebrafish model.
    Biliatresone
  • HY-N0361
    Dihydrocapsaicin
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat.
    Dihydrocapsaicin
  • HY-P0119
    Lixisenatide
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Lixisenatide inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppresses of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway. Lixisenatide can inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Lixisenatide can be used for the researches of inflammation, metabolic disease, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis.
    Lixisenatide
  • HY-N0681
    D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt is an orally active vitamin that reduces patulin in apple juice. D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt removes ROS. D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt has antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt also has the effect of improving osteoporosis and obesity.
    D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt
  • HY-109804
    CORM-401
    		Inhibitor 99.18%
    CORM-401 is an oxidant-sensitive CO-releasing molecule. CORM-401 induces NO increase in the regulation of endothelial calcium signalling. CORM-401 reduces TNF-α/CHX and H2O2-induced ROS production. CORM-401 uncouples mitochondrial respiration and inhibits glycolysis.
    CORM-401
  • HY-117235
    Diallyl Trisulfide
    		Activator 99.9%
    Diallyl Trisulfide is an orally active anticancer agent that can be isolated from garlic. Diallyl Trisulfide has the ability to induce apoptosis and exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Diallyl Trisulfide can be used to study a variety of cancers, including liver, colon and prostate cancer.
    Diallyl Trisulfide
  • HY-N1502
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium
    		Activator 99.97%
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium is a diterpenoid. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium can be isolated from plants of the genus Xanthium. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium is an ADP/ATP carrier inhibitor, inhibiting mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium promotes ROS production, induces Ca2+ release, and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium induces lethargy, weakness, and epileptic seizures in rats.
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium
  • HY-N0768
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside
    		99.95%
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside
  • HY-W009732
    Sinapinic acid
    		99.94%
    Sinapinic acid (Sinapic acid) is a phenolic compound isolated from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. Rhizome, acts as an inhibitor of HDAC, with an IC50 of 2.27 mM, and also inhibits ACE-I activity. Sinapinic acid posssess potent anti-tumor activity, induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Sinapinic acid shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Sinapinic acid reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HOMA-IR index, and also normalizes some serum parameters of antioxidative abilities and oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats.
    Sinapinic acid
  • HY-N4068
    Glucoraphanin
    		99.88%
    Glucoraphanin, a natural glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetable, is a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects.
    Glucoraphanin
  • HY-N0638
    Dendrobine
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Dendrobine is an alkaloid isolated from Dendrobium nobile. Dendrobine possesses antiviral activity against influenza A viruses, with IC50s of 3.39 μM, 2.16 μM and 5.32 μM for A/FM-1/1/47 (H1N1), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H274Y (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), respectively. Dendrobine activates the JNK/p38/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dendrobine exhibits antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
    Dendrobine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity