2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-144900R
    Topramezone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Topramezone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Topramezone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Topramezone is a potent 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitor. Topramezone is a herbicide, used for the post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn.
    Topramezone (Standard)
  • HY-N13174
    Peanut procyanidin A
    		Inhibitor
    Peanut procyanidin A is a type of A-type procyanidin that can be extracted from peanut skins. Peanut procyanidin A can protect prostate DU145 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage through the MAPKs signaling pathway, alleviate cell cycle arrest, and reduce cell apoptosis. Peanut procyanidin A can also regulate gut microbiota and metabolism in mice with DSS (HY-116282)-induced ulcerative colitis.
    Peanut procyanidin A
  • HY-N0105S2
    Rhein-13C4
    Rhein-13C4 (Rheic Acid-13C4) is 13C labeled Rhein. Rhein is an anthraquinone compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects.
    Rhein-13C4
  • HY-N0025
    Jionoside D
    		Inhibitor
    Jionoside D is a hydroxycinnamic acid ester with antioxidant property. Jionoside D has scavenging activity of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and of DPPH radical, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. Jionoside D reduces the apoptotic cells induced by H2O2 in V79-4 cells. Jionoside D increases the activities of cellular antioxidant enzymes, SOD and catalase.
    Jionoside D
  • HY-112817
    8-Oxo-dGTP
    8-Oxo-dGTP is an oxidized guanine nucleotides and acts as a crucial biomarker for oxidative stress.
    8-Oxo-dGTP
  • HY-15311R
    Avermectin B1 (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Avermectin B1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Avermectin B1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Avermectin B1 (Abamectin) is a mixture of two similar segments of avermectin. Avermectin B1 is an orally anti-infection agent, which can be used in the research of parasitic worms, insect pests, agriculture and animal husbandry. Avermectin B1 can also induce the production of ROS and induces cytotoxicity, apoptosis and autophagy.
    Avermectin B1 (Standard)
  • HY-17007R
    Saquinavir (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Saquinavir (Standard) (Ro 31-8959 (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Saquinavir (HY-17007). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir (Standard)
  • HY-N0022R
    Isoacteoside (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Isoacteoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoacteoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoacteoside is a natural product that can significantly inhibit the formation of glycation end products. Isoacteoside Standard regulates the AKT/PI3K/m-TOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, induces apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cell. Isoacteoside Standard exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and neuroprotective activities.
    Isoacteoside (Standard)
  • HY-171031
    TFGF-18
    		Inhibitor
    TFGF-18 is a GSK-3β inhibitor (IC50: 0.59 μM). TFGF-18 inhibits LPS-induced microglia activation and proinflammatory mediators release via inhibiting GSK-3β and downstream p65/NF-κB signaling. TFGF-18 inhibits neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, inhibits expressions of Bax, caspase3 and cleaved-caspase3 and increases the expression of Bcl-2. TFGF-18 has neuroprotection effect, inhibit neuroinflammation and attenuates cognitive impairment.
    TFGF-18
  • HY-50670R
    DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 (Standard)
    		Activator
    DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 (Standard) is the analytical standard of DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 (HY-50670). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 is an orally active DGAT-1 inhibitor with IC50 values of 15 nM and 9 nM for human DGAT-1 and rat DGAT-1, respectively. DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 increases ROS concentration, GRP78, and PERK protein abundance. DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 increases SREBF1, CPT1A, and MTTP mRNA in fatty acid-treated cells. DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 improves obesity.
    DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 (Standard)
  • HY-N13301
    Aloe vera
    		Inhibitor
    Aloe vera is an herbal plant known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, heart-protective, and wound-healing properties. Aloe vera can be used in research for tumors, diabetes, bone diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
    Aloe vera
  • HY-N2192R
    Swertianolin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Swertianolin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Swertianolin (HY-N2192). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Swertianolin is a xanthone glycoside. Swertianolin can be isolated from plants of the Gentianaceae family (e.g., Gentiana campestris and Swertia punicea). Swertianolin inhibits p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, and reduces NO and ROS production. Swertianolin exhibits anti-Helicobacter pylori activity with an IC50 of 6.1 μM and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 91.7 μM. Swertianolin modulates immune function in sepsis. Swertianolin is useful in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, hepatitis B, Helicobacter pylori infection, and sepsis.
    Swertianolin (Standard)
  • HY-W014223R
    2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Ultraviolet absorber UV-0) occupies the hydrophobic pocket of MD2 and blocks the dimerization of TLR4. 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone inhibits the LPS induced mtROS production, and LPS induced inflammatory response by downregulating pro-inflammatory mediators and decreasing the expression of MyD88, p-IRAK4, and NF-κB. 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone is also a UV absorber.
    2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Standard)
  • HY-N15415
    Zaluzanin C
    		Inhibitor
    Zaluzanin C is a sesquiterpene lactone. Zaluzanin C has anti-inflammatory activity and can inhibit the production of mtROS, block the NF-κB signaling pathway, and reduce the production of TNF-α. In addition, Zaluzanin C can inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes.
    Zaluzanin C
  • HY-W724853
    Dimethyl tetrasulfide
    		Inducer
    Dimethyl tetrasulfide (1,4-Dimethyltetrasulfane) is an apoptosis inducer targeting leukemia cells. Dimethyl tetrasulfide exerts cytotoxic effects through the induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activation of caspase-3 enzyme. Dimethyl tetrasulfide is promising for research of cancers, such as leukemia.
    Dimethyl tetrasulfide
  • HY-119695AS2
    Simvastatin acid-d3 ammonium
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin acid-d3 (Tenivastatin-d3) ammonium is deuterium-labeled Simvastatin acid (ammonium) (HY-119695A).
    Simvastatin acid-d<sub>3</sub> ammonium
  • HY-126194
    Tolcapone 3-β-D-glucuronide
    		Inducer
    Tolcapone 3-β-D-glucuronide (Ro 61-1448) is an O-methyl metabolite of Tolcapone (HY-17406) and is pharmacologically inactive. Tolcapone (Ro 40-7592) is a selective, potent and orally active COMT inhibitor with an IC50of 773 nM. Tolcapone can inhibits α-syn and Aβ42 oligomerization and fibrillogenesis. Tolcapone can cause oxidative stress and induce cancer cells apoptosis and ROS production. Tolcapone can be used for the researches of cancer and neurological disease, such as Parkinson disease and neuroblastoma.
    Tolcapone 3-β-D-glucuronide
  • HY-101193R
    Zinc Protoporphyrin (Standard)
    Zinc Protoporphyrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Zinc Protoporphyrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is an orally active and competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor and markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2. Zinc Protoporphyrin is used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in individual pregnant women and children, but also to assess population iron status in combination with haemoglobin concentration. Zinc Protoporphyrin has anti-cancer activity.
    Zinc Protoporphyrin (Standard)
  • HY-123630R
    Allura Red AC (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Allura Red AC (Standard) is an analytical standard of Allura Red AC. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Allura Red AC is a food colorant, appearing as a deep red water-soluble powder or granules, used in various applications such as beverages, syrups, candies, and cereals. Allura Red AC can statically quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA. Additionally, Allura Red AC is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathway-associated pro-inflammatory agent, capable of exacerbating experimental colitis. Allura Red AC holds potential for research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal barrier function, and food additive safety.
    Allura Red AC (Standard)
  • HY-N6951R
    Guaiazulene (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Guaiazulene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Guaiazulene (HY-N6951). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Guaiazulene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Guaiazulene exhibits various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anti-tumor properties. Guaiazulene is also commonly used as a colorant in cosmetics. Guaiazulene shows in vitro cytotoxicity to rat neuronal cells and N2a neuroblastoma cells at high concentrations.
    Guaiazulene (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity