2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-126956
    Porphyra 334
    Porphyra 334 is an antioxidative and anti-photoaging agent. Porphyra 334 suppresses ROS production and the expression of MMPs following UVA irradiation.
    Porphyra 334
  • HY-178380
    HDAC8-IN-14
    		Activator
    HDAC8-IN-14, a curcuminoid derivative, is a selective HDAC8 inhibitor with a Ki of 9 nM. HDAC8-IN-14 induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, and promotes apoptosis. HDAC8-IN-14 can significantly promote the accumulation of cells in the sub-G0/G1 phase, consistent with apoptotic or necrotic cell death. HDAC8-IN-14 induces upregulation of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and the pro-apoptotic protein Bak while leaving the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels unaltered. HDAC8-IN-14 can be used for the study of leukemia.
    HDAC8-IN-14
  • HY-N10611
    Elsinochrome A
    		Inducer
    Elsinochrome A is a perylene quinone photosensitizer, and can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce apoptosis and autophagy under light excitation. Elsinochrome A also shows antifungal activity against C. albicans biofilm through photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). Elsinochrome A can be used for research of photodynamic therapy (PDT) (Ex: 460 nm).
    Elsinochrome A
  • HY-D1395
    RH-EDA
    RH-EDA is a rhodamine-based turn-on fluorescent probe for detecting hydroxyl radicals in living systems.
    RH-EDA
  • HY-N4161
    Euparin
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Euparin, a monomeric compound of Benzofuran, is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor. Euparin shows antiviral activity against poliovirus, and also has antidepressant effects.
    Euparin
  • HY-159928
    Neuroprotective agent 8
    		Inhibitor
    Neuroprotective agent 8 (compound AA-9) is an oral active neuroprotective agent by anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation. Neuroprotective agent 8 activates PGC-1α and inhibits NLRP3 in the rat MCAO ischemic stroke model.
    Neuroprotective agent 8
  • HY-176725
    ZnPcPs
    		Inducer
    ZnPcPs is a photosensitizer that generates ROS. ZnPcPs can be used to synthesize the photo-activated BRD4 degrader pZnPc-O3-JQ1 (HY-176724).
    ZnPcPs
  • HY-169416
    Anti-MRSA agent 21
    Anti-MRSA agent 21 (Compound 27) has antibacterial activity against MRSA, with an MIC of 1 μM. Anti-MRSA agent 21 can damage bacterial cell membranes and increase reactive oxygen species.
    Anti-MRSA agent 21
  • HY-N15190
    Sesaminol
    		Inhibitor
    Sesaminol is an orally active activator for Nrf2-ARE pathway, that promotes the the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and enhances the NQO1 expression, thereby enhances the cell's defense against oxidative stress. Sesaminol inhibits 6-OHDA (HY-B1081)-induced ROS production and apoptosis in cell SH-SY5Y. Sesaminol exhibits neuroprotective efficacy against Rotenone (HY-B1756)-induced Parkinson's disease.
    Sesaminol
  • HY-169292
    Antitumor agent-188
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-188 (compound C6) exerts α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antitumor effects.Antitumor agent-188 induces excessive production of ROS to trigger oxidative stress.
    Antitumor agent-188
  • HY-131597
    8-Oxo-GTP
    8-Oxo-GTP is an oxidized oxidized guanine nucleotides and acts as a crucial biomarker for oxidative stress.
    8-Oxo-GTP
  • HY-16686R
    α-Tocopherol phosphate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    α-Tocopherol (phosphate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of α-Tocopherol (phosphate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Tocopherol phosphate is a compound with the high activity of vitamin E.
    α-Tocopherol phosphate (Standard)
  • HY-168589
    Apoptosis inducer 30
    		Inducer
    Apoptosis inducer 30 (Compound 15a) is an anticancer agent. Apoptosis inducer 30 induces MCF-7 cells apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. Apoptosis inducer 30 induces intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, and blocks the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Apoptosis inducer 30 inhibits cell growth, with an IC50 value of 0.32 μM against MCF-7 cells, and inhibits tumor growth in a mouse model of breast cancer.
    Apoptosis inducer 30
  • HY-N10176
    D-Isofloridoside
    		Inhibitor
    D-Isofloridoside, one of the polysaccharide precursors, has the activity of scavenging free radicals, inhibiting ROS expression, and inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9.
    D-Isofloridoside
  • HY-B1115R
    Buspirone hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Buspirone (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Buspirone (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Buspirone hydrochloride is a 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Buspirone hydrochloride can be used for anxiety and depression research.
    Buspirone hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-D2620
    CAR-2
    		Inducer
    CAR-2 is a BODIPY-based photosensitizer that induces ferroptosis in photodynamic therapy (PDT) by targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid droplets (LDs). CAR-2 exhibits phototoxicity in breast cancer cells with IC50 of 0.01-0.02 μM. CAR-2 exhibits antitumor efficacy in 4T1 xenograft mouse models.
    CAR-2
  • HY-N0575R
    Pinocembrin (Standard)
    Pinocembrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pinocembrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pinocembrin ((+)-Pinocoembrin) is a flavonoid found in propolis, acts as a competitive inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, and is an effective anti-allergic agent, with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Pinocembrin (Standard)
  • HY-P11093
    Papiliocin
    		Agonist
    Papiliocin is a potent peptide antibiotic with both anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Papiliocin is primarily active against Gram-negative bacteria. Papiliocin exhibits strong anti-inflammatory activity against cell, exerting its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of NO and the secretion of TNF-α and MIP-2. Papiliocin participates in the innate defense response mechanism by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor pathway and NF-κB. Papiliocin induces apoptosis in fungal cells and increases the total level of intracellular ROS. Papiliocin acts as an effective antiseptic peptide in sepsis models. Papiliocin is useful in anti-inflammatory and antibacterial research.
    Papiliocin
  • HY-162456
    Anticancer agent 205
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 205 (compound 9) is a potent anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 205 binds to G4-mtDNA target and inhibits the replication, transcription, and translation of mtDNA (mitochondrial genome). Anticancer agent 205 causes mitochondrial dysfunction, increases ROS production, induces DNA damage and cellular senescence. Anticancer agent 205 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrests at G0/G1 phase. Anticancer agent 205 has the potential for the research of colorectal cancer.
    Anticancer agent 205
  • HY-143243
    Antioxidant agent-5
    		Inhibitor
    Antioxidant agent-5 (compound D-6) is a potent antioxidant agent. Antioxidant agent-5 can inhibit oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein)-induced apoptosis and the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in VECs. Antioxidant agent-5 suppresses oxLDL-induced increase of ROS level and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Antioxidant agent-5 protects against oxLDL-induced endothelial injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidation pathway.
    Antioxidant agent-5
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity