2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-124941
    7-Deacetylgedunin
    		Activator
    7-Deacetylgedunin is an activator of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1. 7-Deacetylgedunin alleviates mice mortality induced by LPS. 7-Deacetylgedunin inhibits Keap1 expression and suppresses macrophage proliferation. 7-Deacetylgedunin suppresses inflammation in vivo and in vitro.
    7-Deacetylgedunin
  • HY-N15641
    Dalbergione
    		Inhibitor
    Dalbergione (Dalbegione) (Compound 5) can be extracted from the Dalbergia Sissoo Linn. knot wood. Dalbergione exhibits antioxidant ability. Dalbergione can also be obtained from the methanol extract of Dalbergia odorifera heartwood and the alkane extract of Dalbergia parvifera heartwood.
    Dalbergione
  • HY-W780166
    Uric acid-13C
    Uric acid-13C is the 13C-labeled Uric acid (HY-B2130). Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Uric acid-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-12033S
    2-Methoxyestradiol-13C,d3
    		Activator
    2-Methoxyestradiol-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa.
    2-Methoxyestradiol-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0281R
    Daphnetin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Daphnetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Daphnetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin), one coumarin derivative can be found in plants of the Genus Daphne, is a potent, oral active protein kinase inhibitor, with IC50s of 7.67 μM, 9.33 μM and 25.01 μM for EGFR, PKA and PKC in vitro, respectively. Daphnetin triggers ROS-induced cell apoptosis and induces cytoprotective autophagy by modulating the AMPK/Akt/mTOR pathway. Daphnetin has anti-inflammation activitity and inhibits TNF-α, IL-1 , ROS, and MDA production. Daphnetin has schizontocidal activity against malaria parasites. Daphnetin can be used for rheumatoid arthritis , cancer and anti-malarian research.
    Daphnetin (Standard)
  • HY-W144308
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone
    		Inducer 98.45%
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) is a metabolite of Pentachlorophenol. Tetrachlorohydroquinone induces reactive oxidant stress (ROS), inhibits apoptosis and induces necrosis in primary mouse splenocytes. Tetrachlorohydroquinone increases DNA lesions and induces oxidative stress in rodents.
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone
  • HY-W711035
    Picolinafen
    		Activator
    Picolinafen is a pyridine-class herbicide that acts as a phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitor. Picolinafen effectively controls broadleaf weeds and disrupts carotenoid biosynthesis. Picolinafen exhibits cytotoxicity to porcine trophectoderm (pTr) and luminal epithelial (pLE) cells. Picolinafen induces (ROS accumulation, calcium depletion, and activates (MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, leading to decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, impaired migration, and altered expression of implantation-related genes. Picolinafen has an LD50 value of 2.7 mg/kg in mammals and 7 μg/L in fish. Picolinafen exhibits toxic effects during zebrafish embryogenesis[1][2].
    Picolinafen
  • HY-N7106S2
    Dimethyl phthalate-13C6,d4
    Dimethyl phthalate-13C6,d4 (DMP-13C6,d4) is the deuterium labeled and 13C-labeled Dimethyl phthalate (HY-N7106). Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats.
    Dimethyl phthalate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>,d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-W698255
    Chlorido[N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylenediamine]iron(III)
    		Inducer
    Chlorido[N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylenediamine]iron(III) generates lipid-based ROS and induce ferroptosis
    Chlorido[N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylenediamine]iron(III)
  • HY-106429
    OT-551 free base
    		Inhibitor
    OT-551 (free base) is a lipophilic, disubstituted hydroxylamine with antioxidant properties. OT-551 can be used as an eye drop and can be converted by intraocular esterases to its active metabolite, Tempol-H (TP-H). OT-551 can be utilized in geographic atrophy and macular degeneration research.
    OT-551 free base
  • HY-19382
    EUK-189
    		Inhibitor
    EUK-189 is a synthetic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase mimetic. EUK-189 can block oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced ERK1/2 dephosphorylation, ATP depletion and eliminate ROS production. EUK-189 exhibits neuroprotective effect and can inhibit delayed radiation injury. EUK-189 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as ischemic stroke.
    EUK-189
  • HY-127022
    Anisodine
    		Inhibitor
    Anisodine (Daturamine) is a neuroprotective compound that reduces exacerbated M1, M2, M4, and M5 receptor expression in brain tissues under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions. Anisodine inhibits calcium ion influx and reactive oxygen species (ROS)levels. Anisodine leads to decreased aspartate levels during hypoxia.
    Anisodine
  • HY-B1425R
    Ethoxyquin (Standard)
    Ethoxyquin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ethoxyquin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ethoxyquin is an antioxidant which has been used in animal feed for many years and also an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90).
    Ethoxyquin (Standard)
  • HY-30152R
    Xanthotoxol (Standard)
    Xanthotoxol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Xanthotoxol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Xanthotoxol (8-Hydroxypsoralen) It is a kind of fragrant bean substance, and it is a CYP450 inhibitor. Xanthotoxol has anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and 5-HT antagonistic and protective effects. Xanthotoxol inhibited CYP3A4 sum CYP1A2 IC50s separation 7.43 μM sum 27.82 μM. Xanthotoxol can pass through MAPK and NF-κB, inhibiting inflammation.
    Xanthotoxol (Standard)
  • HY-171857
    Cytaphat
    		Inhibitor
    Cytaphat is a compound with hepatoprotective activity. Cytaphat has antioxidant, membrane-stabilizing and choleretic effects. Cytaphat can be used in the research of diseases such as acute toxic hepatopathy and liver injury.
    Cytaphat
  • HY-B1975S
    Dithianon-d4
    Dithianon-d4 is the deuterium labeled Dithianon (HY-B1975). Dithianon is a broad-spectrum anthraquinone fungicide with good adherence to the surface of leaves and fruits. Dithianon is used to control several several fungal of some fruits and vegetables, as anthracnose (Colletotrichum sp., Elsinoe ampelina), mildew (Plasmopara viticola), phomopsis (Phomopsis viticola), among others.
    Dithianon-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-134221
    S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine
    		Inhibitor
    S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine is a nitric oxide donor. S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine has a tissue vascular dilation effect, which can enhance liver microcirculation and effectively prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury in fatty liver. S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine can reduce liver fibrosis in rats with cirrhosis.
    S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine
  • HY-175481
    CB2R agonist 4
    		Inhibitor
    CB2R agonist 4 is a cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) agonist with an EC50 value of 6.9 μM. CB2R agonist 4 can induce cell apoptosis, ROS production and protein misfolding. CB2R agonist 4 shows cytotoxicity to a panel of tumor cell lines. CB2R agonist 4 can be used for the research of cancer.
    CB2R agonist 4
  • HY-146254
    hCAIX-IN-12
    		Inducer
    hCAIX-IN-12 is a potent hCAIX inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.74, 10.78 μM for CAIX and CAII, respectively. hCAIX-IN-12 shows antiproliferative effect and induces apoptosis. hCAIX-IN-12 increases ROS production. hCAIX-IN-12 has the potential for the research of colorectal cancer (CRC) .
    hCAIX-IN-12
  • HY-170967
    IPH10
    		Inducer
    IPH10 is an anti-cancer agent that exhibits a strong anti-tumor effect in vivo without hepatic and renal toxicity. IPH10 can significantly increase the content of ROS, decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, and induce apoptosis in tumor cells.
    IPH10
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity