2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0513R
    Loganic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Loganic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Loganic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway, activates Nrf2 signaling pathway, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity. Loganic acid is orally active.
    Loganic acid (Standard)
  • HY-135849C
    Catalase, trichoderma reesei
    Catalase, Trichoderma reesei, is a catalase enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2). Catalase is mainly present in peroxisomes and shuttles between the cytoplasm and peroxisomes, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage. Abnormal activity or expression of catalase is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer.
    Catalase, trichoderma reesei
  • HY-161488
    Eugenol/BSA
    Eugenol/BSA is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
    Eugenol/BSA
  • HY-14914S1
    Azilsartan-d4
    Azilsartan-d4 is the deuterium labeled Azilsartan. Azilsartan is an orally active, potent, selective and specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. Azilsartan induces ROS formation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Azilsartan shows neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Azilsartan can be used for hypertension and stroke research.
    Azilsartan-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-147915
    Benz-AP
    		Activator
    Benz-AP is a potent photosensitizer. Benz-AP produces singlet oxygen, with a negative correlation with hCES2 (Human carboxylesterase 2) activity. Benz-AP displays a higher photocytotoxicity potency in cancer cells under low hCES2 environments. Upon TPE (Two-photon excitation), Benz-AP produces ROS and kills cancer cells and tumor spheroids.
    Benz-AP
  • HY-N11771
    Glyurallin B
    		Inhibitor
    Glyurallin B is a flavonoid, that can be isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza inflata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis). Glyurallin B shows ABTS+ radical scavenging activity and the inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation, with EC50 values of 11.9 ± 0.58 μM and 15.3 ± 1.26 μM, respectivley.
    Glyurallin B
  • HY-P1934AR
    Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Gallic acid (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas alcaligenes cell-free culture supernatants is an antifungal cyclic dipeptide. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) inhibits IFN-β production by interfering with retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) activation. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) exhibits free-radical scavenging activity with the IC50 of 24 µM in the DPPH assay.
    Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) (Standard)
  • HY-113224R
    Desmosterol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Desmosterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Desmosterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Desmosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. In the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, Desmosterol is a direct precursor of cholesterol. As an endogenous metabolite, Desmosterol is used to study cholesterol metabolism [1]. Desmosterol is an LXR activator and SREBP inhibitor, which can suppress macrophage inflammasome activation and prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. A reduction in Desmosterol promotes the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and pyrin domain-dependent inflammasome activation of NLRP3. Desmosterol holds potential for research in inflammation, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases [1][2][3].
    Desmosterol (Standard)
  • HY-146067
    β-Nor-lapachone
    		Activator
    β-Nor-lapachone is a Candida glabrata antibiofilm agent. β-Nor-lapachone can stimulate ROS production, inhibits efflux activity, adhesion, biofilm formation and the metabolism of mature biofilms of Candida glabrata. β-Nor-lapachone has antifungal activity.
    β-Nor-lapachone
  • HY-W745029
    L-Glutathione reduced-d5
    L-Glutathione reduced-d5 (GSH-d5; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine-d5) is the deuterium labeled L-Glutathione reduced (HY-D0187). L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
    L-Glutathione reduced-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-116730
    CHS-111
    		Inhibitor
    CHS-111 is a benzyl indazole inhibitor of superoxide anion O2- generation. CHS-111 inhibits the cell migration, and reduces the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe- but not phorbol ester-stimulated phospholipase D activity, with the IC50 of 3.9 μM.
    CHS-111
  • HY-133968S1
    24-Methylenecholesterol-13C
    		Inhibitor
    24-Methylenecholesterol-13C (Ostreasterol-13C) is the 13C labeled 24-Methylenecholesterol (HY-133968). 24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol) is a regulator targeting acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) with anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. 24-Methylenecholesterol mimics the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF), can extend yeast lifespan through an anti-oxidative stress mechanism, and exhibits neuroprotective activity in PC12 cells. 24-Methylenecholesterol can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, activate anti-oxidative stress pathways (such as UTH1, SOD-related genes), and promote synaptic growth.
    24-Methylenecholesterol-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-W127530R
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    α-Tocopherol phosphate (Standard) (alpha-Tocopherol phosphate (Standard)) disodium is the analytical standard of α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium (HY-W127530). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium is an antioxidant that protects against long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenge UVA1 induced ROS in a skin cell model. α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium exhibits angiogenesis-promoting activity.
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium (Standard)
  • HY-155062
    IR-251
    		Inducer
    IR-251 is a mitochondrion-targeting NIR fluorescent probe. IR-251 targets mitochondria via OATPs and causes mitochondrial damage in tumor cells. IR-251 IR-251 induced ROS overproduction by inhibiting PPARγ, and then inhibiting the β-catenin signaling pathway and downstream protein molecules related to the cell cycle and metastasis. IR-251 inhibits tumor proliferation and metastasis.
    IR-251
  • HY-129694
    Lenoremycin
    		Inducer
    Lenoremycin (Ro 21-6150) is a microbial metabolite. Lenoremycin decreases β-catenin and cyclin D1 proteins levels. Lenoremycin decreases cancer stem cells (CSCs) populations via inducing reactive oxygen species production.
    Lenoremycin
  • HY-13653S
    (+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-13C3
    (+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-13C3 is the 13C-labeled (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is a tea flavonoid with potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is reported to inhibit EGFR signaling and thereby exert anticancer effects. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) inhibitor. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by activating cytochrome c oxidase.
    (+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-P10622
    SHLP-3
    		Inhibitor
    SHLP-3 is a mitochondrial derived peptide encoded by the 16S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) gene. SHLP-3 increases cell viability and reduces apoptosis in insulinoma NIT-1β cells and human prostate cancer 22Rv1 cells. SHLP-3 increases mitochondrial function and exerts cytoprotective effects by increasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), cellular ATP and reducing the ability to produce ROS. SHLP-3 can be used in the study of diabetes and cancer.
    SHLP-3
  • HY-139860
    Anticancer agent 15
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 15 is capable of significantly increasing the cellular level of ROS and inducing melanoma cancer cell death via necroptosis.
    Anticancer agent 15
  • HY-N0439R
    Asiaticoside (Standard)
    Asiaticoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Asiaticoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene from Centella asiatica, suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts; Asiaticoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties.
    Asiaticoside (Standard)
  • HY-P0104
    Palmitoyl tripeptide-38
    		Inhibitor
    Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 is a bioactive peptide with anti-aging effect .
    Palmitoyl tripeptide-38
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity