2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-136355
    Picoxystrobin
    		Activator 99.76%
    Picoxystrobin is a strobilurin fungicide. Picoxystrobin controls plant diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Picoxystrobin is highly toxic to zebrafish embryos, causing developmental abnormalities, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity.
    Picoxystrobin
  • HY-18733R
    Lipoic acid (Standard)
    		99.36%
    Lipoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lipoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.
    Lipoic acid (Standard)
  • HY-129115
    S1QEL1.1
    		≥99.0%
    S1QEL1.1 is a small molecule inhibitor that specifically inhibits the generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at the IQ site during reverse electron transfer in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (Complex I), with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. S1QEL1.1 can significantly reduce the activation of cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase) triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress. S1QEL1.1 helps to decrease excessive proliferation of stem cells by inhibiting the Reactive Oxygen Species signaling pathway initiated by endoplasmic reticulum stress.
    S1QEL1.1
  • HY-N3243
    Moracin P
    		Inhibitor 99.57%
    Moracin P is a 2-arylbenzofuran isolated from the Mori Cortex Radicis. Moracin P exhibits potent in vitro inhibitory activity against hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1). Moracin P reduces oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moracin P has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Moracin P
  • HY-114911
    Feprazone
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Feprazone (DA2370; Prenazone), an analogue of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Feprazone acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Feprazone ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Feprazone can decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, Feprazone can suppress adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in differentiating 3 T3-L1 cells. Feprazone also can be used to research atherosclerosis and obesity.
    Feprazone
  • HY-119695
    Simvastatin acid
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin acid (Tenivastatin), a hydrolysate of Simvastatin (HY-17502), is a HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Simvastatin acid reduces Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Simvastatin acid can also modulates OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene.
    Simvastatin acid
  • HY-151362
    Keap1-Nrf2-IN-14
    		Inhibitor 98.08%
    Keap1-Nrf2-IN-14 (compound 20c) is a KEAP1-NRF2 inhibitor that effectively disrupts the KEAP1-NRF2 interaction (IC50=75 nM) with a Kd value of 24 nM for KEAP1. Keap1-Nrf2-IN-14 induces the expression of NRF2 target genes and enhances the downstream antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Keap1-Nrf2-IN-14 can be used in the study of oxidative stress-related inflammation.
    Keap1-Nrf2-IN-14
  • HY-N1778A
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is the less active isomer of 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway. Anti-apoptotic effects.
    (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid
  • HY-N2896
    Arjunolic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.83%
    Arjunolic acid is a saponin isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus and has various biologial activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial and anti-inflammory activities. Arjunolic acid is also a potent antioxidant and plays an important role in the protection of cells and tissues against deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species.
    Arjunolic acid
  • HY-N11003
    Vanicoside A
    		Inducer 99.40%
    Vanicoside A is a phenylpropanoid glycoside. Vanicoside A can be isolated from Polygonum pensylvanicum. Vanicoside A inhibits protein kinase C (PKC), induces substantial ROS production. Vanicoside A exhibits anticancer activity against melanoma.
    Vanicoside A
  • HY-W072025
    CYP2E1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    CYP2E1-IN-1 (Compound 10) is an orally active cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) inhibitor with a Kd of 7.02 μM, an IC50 of 1.64 μM, and a Ki of 0.897 μM. CYP2E1-IN-1 activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibits ROS production, thereby alleviating pancreatic injury. CYP2E1-IN-1 has significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and can effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). CYP2E1-IN-1 can be used in the study of SAP and other inflammatory-related diseases.
    CYP2E1-IN-1
  • HY-I0508S
    Phthalic acid-d4
    		Inducer 98.36%
    Phthalic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Phthalic acid. Phthalic acid is the final common metabolite of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). Phthalic acid can be used for the synthesis of synthetic agents, such as isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA). Phthalic acid has applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers. Phthalic acid exhibits mutagenic effect and causes genetic damage in mammalian germ cells.
    Phthalic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-169056
    SLC7A11-IN-2
    		99.80%
    SLC7A11-IN-2 (Compound 1) is an SLC7A11/xCT inhibitor. SLC7A11-IN-2 induces cell death in HeLa cells by lowering intracellular glutathione levels and increasing oxidative stress, thereby disrupting the oxidative balance within the cells, with an IC50 value of 10.23 μM. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicates that SLC7A11-IN-2 has a stronger binding affinity to SLC7A11 compared to Erastin (HY-15763). SLC7A11-IN-2 can be utilized in research within the field of cervical cancer.
    SLC7A11-IN-2
  • HY-W002620A
    Emoxypine succinate
    		99.88%
    Emoxypine succinate is an antioxidant. Emoxypine succinate can be used for the research of post-traumatic.
    Emoxypine succinate
  • HY-B1453S1
    (±)-Carnitine-d9 chloride
    		≥99.0%
    (±)-Carnitine-d9 (chloride) is the deuterium labeled (±)-Carnitine chloride. (±)-Carnitine chloride exists in two isomers, known as D and L. L-carnitine plays an essential role in the β-oxidation of fatty acids and also shows antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
    (±)-Carnitine-d<sub>9</sub> chloride
  • HY-108296
    Pirenoxine
    		Inhibitor
    Pirenoxine (Catalin K) is a potent antioxidant. Pirenoxine shows anti-presbyopic activity. Pirenoxine has the potential for the research of cataracts.
    Pirenoxine
  • HY-N2008
    Luteolin 5-O-glucoside
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Luteolin 5-O-glucoside, a major flavonoidfrom Cirsium maackii, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside inhibits LPS-induced NO production and t-BHP-induced ROS generation. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages.
    Luteolin 5-O-glucoside
  • HY-136593
    (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid (compound 1) is a metabolite isolated from the culture medium of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid has high DPPH radical-scavenging activities and antioxidative activities.
    (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid
  • HY-W037976
    Tyrosinase-IN-22
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    Tyrosinase-IN-22 (compound 4) is an inhibitor of tyrosinase substrates (L-tyrosine and L-dopa) with IC50s of 60 nM and 30 nM, respectively. Tyrosinase-IN-22 also shows potent antioxidant and anti-melanogenic properties, thus can be used for relevant researches.
    Tyrosinase-IN-22
  • HY-B0691A
    Ecabet sodium
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Ecabet sodium (TA-2711) is currently applied to some gastrointestinal disease by inhibiting the ROS production and improving Helicobacter pylori eradication. Ecabet sodium reduces apoptosis.
    Ecabet sodium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity