2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-147855
    ACA-28
    		Inducer 99.70%
    ACA-28 is a potent ERK MAPK signaling modulator. ACA-28 selectively inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis. ACA-28 can activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling via inducing ROS production. ACA-28 can be used for the research of cancer, such as melanoma .
    ACA-28
  • HY-42034
    Hydroquinine
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Hydroquinine (Dihydroquinine) is an anti-bacterial agent that inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hydroquinine inhibits the growth of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa via the suppression of the arginine deiminase pathway genes. Hydroquinine inhibits Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei. Hydroquinine displays anti-malarial and demelanizing activities. Hydroquinine effectively induces specific RND-type efflux pump systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, particularly the MexCD-OprJ and MexXY efflux pumps. Hydroquinine inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion and biofilm formation. Hydroquinine serves as a precursor for derivatives such as C9 epihydroquinine, 9-acetoxy-10,11-dihydroquinine, and 10,11-dihydroquinine monohydrochloride.
    Hydroquinine
  • HY-N0521
    (-)-Gallocatechin
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    (-)-Gallocatechin, an epimer of (-)-Epigallocatechin (EGC), is contained in various tea products. (-)-Gallocatechin has antioxidant activities. (-)-Gallocatechin is the main active component in green tea extract (HTP-GTE) responsible for its effect of improving age-related cognitive impairments involving protein kinase A (PKA) pathway.
    (-)-Gallocatechin
  • HY-124815
    CP-312
    		Inducer 99.69%
    CP-312 is a potent Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducer. CP-312 protects hiPSC-CM viability by targeting the antioxidant response network through induction of HMOX1 expression. CP-312 protects human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress.
    CP-312
  • HY-N6951
    Guaiazulene
    		Inducer 99.26%
    Guaiazulene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Guaiazulene exhibits various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anti-tumor properties. Guaiazulene is also commonly used as a colorant in cosmetics. Guaiazulene shows in vitro cytotoxicity to rat neuronal cells and N2a neuroblastoma cells at high concentrations.
    Guaiazulene
  • HY-121204
    Iberverin
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Iberverin (-Methylthiopropyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane homolog. Iberverin has anticancer activity. Iberverin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Iberverin induces mitochondrial-related apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species.
    Iberverin
  • HY-N5124
    Meloside A
    		Inhibitor 98.55%
    Meloside A (Isovitexin 2''-O-glucoside) is a phenylpropanoid found in barley with antioxidant activity. Meloside A can inhibit cell apoptosis and ROS production. Meloside A can inhibit androgen receptor (AR) nuclear translocation and AR protein expression. Meloside A can reduce IL-6, TGF-β1 and DKK-1 levels. Meloside A can be used for the researches of inflammation and endocrinology, such as hair loss.
    Meloside A
  • HY-100592
    Nicaraven
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Nicaraven is a novel chemically synthesized hydroxyl radical-specific scavenger.
    Nicaraven
  • HY-P10409
    SHLP2
    		Inhibitor 99.18%
    SHLP2 (Small humanin-like peptide 2) is a small molecule peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, belonging to mitochondria derived peptide. SHLP2 has the activity of regulating apoptosis and inhibits cell death. SHLP2 binds to mitochondrial complex 1. SHLP2 improves mitochondrial metabolism by increasing respiration and biogenesis, reducing ROS, and decreasing mtDNA oxidation. SHLP2 also regulated energy homeostasis through the activation of hypothalamic neurons. SHLP2 can be used in the study of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction and anti-aging diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and Parkinson’s disease.
    SHLP2
  • HY-P1845A
    PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA
    		Inducer 98.33%
    PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA is a PAC1 receptor activator and increases the α-secretase activity. PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA elevates cytosolic Ca2+, increases proliferation and increases phosphorylation of extracellular regulates kinase (ERK) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine production. PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA can be used for neurotrophic and neuroprotective research.
    PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat TFA
  • HY-N4093
    Astringin
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Astringin (trans-Astringin) is an orally active natural flavonoid compound. Astringin can inhibit the production of oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, etc. Astringin has multiple activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Astringin is also an inhibitor of ferroptosis. Astringin can be used in the research of diseases such as acute lung injury.
    Astringin
  • HY-115386
    MitoTEMPOL
    		≥99.0%
    MitoTEMPOL is a a mitochondria-targeted nitroxide that reduces mitochondrial O2-to H2O2.
    MitoTEMPOL
  • HY-12853
    Mesotrione
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Mesotrione is a herbicide belongs to the benzoylcyclohexanedione family. Mesotrione is a potent and competitive and reversible inhibitor of HPPD enzyme. Mesotrione is selective to maize due to rapid metabolism and relative high tolerance by the susceptible crop plant.
    Mesotrione
  • HY-N7781
    (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone
    		Inhibitor 99.27%
    (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone ((E)-Guggulsterone) is an orally active natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone (HY-107738). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an antagonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with an IC50 of 24.06 μM and possesses potent hypolipidemic properties. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone suppresses dengue virus (DENV) replication by upregulating antiviral interferon responses by inducing HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone has cardiac protective and antioxidant activities in rats.
    (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone
  • HY-W127530
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium
    		Inhibitor 98.01%
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium is an antioxidant that protects against long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenge UVA1 induced ROS in a skin cell model. α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium exhibits angiogenesis-promoting activity.
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium
  • HY-W010382R
    Oxaloacetic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Oxaloacetic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxaloacetic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxaloacetic acid (2-Oxosuccinic acid) is a metabolic intermediate involved in several ways, such as citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis, whereby Oxaloacetic acid facilitates the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves mitochondrial function.
    Oxaloacetic acid (Standard)
  • HY-W014225
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
    		Inducer 99.81%
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is the metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid induces immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, and inhibits the phagocytic ability of macrophages.
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
  • HY-44178
    Diethyl butylmalonate
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Diethyl butylmalonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Diethyl butylmalonate exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production. Diethyl butylmalonate also has neuroprotective activity. In addition, Diethyl butylmalonate shows toxicity to T. pyriformis, with its log(IGC50-1) being 0.557. Diethyl butylmalonate can be used in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
    Diethyl butylmalonate
  • HY-B1777AS
    Spermine-d8 tetrahydrochloride
    Spermine-d8 (tetrahydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Spermine tetrahydrochloride. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells.
    Spermine-d<sub>8</sub> tetrahydrochloride
  • HY-164159
    α-Glucosylrutin
    		Inhibitor
    α-Glucosylrutin is a potent antioxidant with free radical scavenging activity. Due to its high epidermal bioavailability, α-Glucosylrutin can be used in the study of skin aging.
    α-Glucosylrutin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity