2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P10285S
    d-KLA Peptide-d30
    d-KLA Peptide-d30 (D-(KLAKLAK)2-d30) is the deuterium labeled d-KLA Peptide (HY-P10285). d-KLA Peptide is a synthetic pro-apoptotic peptide. d-KLA Peptide can specifically target mitochondria and induce apoptosis by destroying the mitochondrial membrane. d-KLA Peptide activates biochemical pathways associated with apoptosis, including the activation of caspase family proteins and PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase). d-KLA Peptide can be used to carry and deliver genes or small molecules to enhance anti-tumor effects.
    d-KLA Peptide-d<sub>30</sub>
  • HY-176284
    OXPHOS-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    OXPHOS-IN-2 is an orally active OXPHOS inhibitor. OXPHOS-IN-2 exhibits potent inhibitory activity in PC9 (IC50 = 12.3 nM) and Bxpc-3 cells (IC50 = 250 nM in glucose medium, IC50 = 17.5 nM in galactose medium). OXPHOS-IN-2 decreases the NADH/NAD+ ratio and reduces ATP levels. OXPHOS-IN-2 induces tumor cells apoptosis by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulating the level of Nrf2. OXPHOS-IN-2 can be used for research on cancer such as non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer.
    OXPHOS-IN-2
  • HY-155555
    SCAL-266
    		Inhibitor
    SCAL-266 is a potent mitochondrial complex I (CI) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.83 μM. SCAL-266 blocks mitochondrial function, inhibits OCR, induces ROS production, and reduces MMP. SCAL-266 displays a considerable antiproliferation effect against oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent cancer cells.
    SCAL-266
  • HY-126775
    Xenoclauxin
    		Inhibitor
    Xenoclauxin is a secondary metabolite isolated from certain species of the Penicillium genus, which exhibits an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of tumor cells. Xenoclauxin affects cellular energy metabolism, particularly by inhibiting ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. Xenoclauxin can be used for anti-tumor research.
    Xenoclauxin
  • HY-113039R
    L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid (Standard)
    L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is an epigenetic modifier and putative oncometabolite in renal cancer. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid can inhibit histone demethylases and hence promote histone methylation. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid inhibits mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mi-CK) activity with Km and Ki of 2.52 mM and 11.13 mM, respectively.
    L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid (Standard)
  • HY-172959
    mPTP-IN-1
    mPTP-IN-1 (Compound 14e) is a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitor. mPTP-IN-1 blocks calcium-induced mPTP opening by targeting the C subunit of ATP synthase. mPTP-IN-1 can be used to study myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI).
    mPTP-IN-1
  • HY-161267
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-4 (Compound TC11) is a potent mitochondrial respiration inhibitor. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-4 impairs Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in and induces apoptosis in MCF7 cells.
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-4
  • HY-178154
    FB231
    		Inducer
    FB231 is a Parkin activator. FB231 can induce mild mitochondrial stress, resulting in impaired mitochondrial function and activation of the integrated stress response. FB231 can lower the threshold for mitochondrial toxins to induce PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. FB231 can cause activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) and perturbation to iron-dependent pathways. FB231 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Parkinson’s disease.
    FB231
  • HY-B0263S1
    Thiabendazole-13C6
    		Inhibitor
    Thiabendazole-13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Thiabendazole. Thiabendazole inhibites the mitochondrial helminth-specific enzyme, fumarate reductase, with anthelminthic property.
    Thiabendazole-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N7063R
    Nerol (Standard)
    Nerol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nerol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity.
    Nerol (Standard)
  • HY-19688B
    Sitamaquine tosylate
    		Inhibitor
    Sitamaquine (WR6026) tosylate, an orally active 8-aminoquinoline analog, is an antileishmanial agent. Sitamaquine tosylate inhibits mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase). Sitamaquine tosylate is a lipophilic weak base that rapidly accumulates in acidic compartments of Leishmania spp., mainly in acidocalcisomes.
    Sitamaquine tosylate
  • HY-101374
    AGN 192403
    AGN 192403 is an imidazoline compound with affinity for imidazoline-1 receptors. AGN 192403 shows neuroprotective effects.
    AGN 192403
  • HY-159898
    AChE/BChE-IN-23
    		Modulator
    AChE/BChE-IN-23 (Compound 6e) is an AChE/BChE inhibitor (IC50: 0.91 μM, 1.19 μM and 1.01 μM for hAChE, eq BChE and hBChE, respectively). AChE/BChE-IN-23 has antioxidant activity and inhibits Aβ1-42 and Tau protein aggregation. AChE/BChE-IN-23 also inhibits microglial activation by reducing ROS release and mitochondrial injury. AChE/BChE-IN-23 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human microglial cells. AChE/BChE-IN-23 also reverses the Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced memory impairment in mice model.
    AChE/BChE-IN-23
  • HY-B0356AR
    Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ciprofloxacin (monohydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin (monohydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) monohydrochloride is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[4].
    Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-W780130
    SkQR1 hydroxide
    		Inhibitor
    SkQR1 (hydroxide) is a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant. SkQR1 (hydroxide) can inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in the brain. SkQR1 (hydroxide) has a significant memory promoting effect. SkQR1 (hydroxide) can be used for research related to brain memory.
    SkQR1 hydroxide
  • HY-170557
    Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10
    		Inhibitor
    Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10 (Compound 13r) is an inhibitor of Topoisomerase IIα. It binds to the active site of DNA when complexed with Topoisomerase IIα, and this binding is stabilized through interactions with DNA base pairs and amino acid residues. Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10 can induce Apoptosis by intercalating DNA and inhibiting Topoisomerase IIα, thereby disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting the growth of HCT116 cell lines, with an IC50 of 4.37 μM against HCT116 cells. Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10 can be used for research in the field of cancer treatment.
    Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10
  • HY-158423
    NPD8790
    		Inhibitor
    NPD8790 is a species selective mitochondrial respiratory complex I inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.4 µM for C. elegans complex I. NPD8790 is more selective for nematode species mitochondria than human, bovine, and mouse mitochondria. NPD8790 is an anthelmintic that kills adult soil-transmitted helminths.
    NPD8790
  • HY-170369
    SHO1122147
    		Modulator
    SHO1122147 (Compound 7m) affects the mitochondrial electron transport chain, exhibits mitochondrial uncoupling activity (EC50=3.6 μM), and increases the oxygen consumption rate (OCR=69%) and promotes cellular respiration. SHO1122147 is orally active, and can be used in reaearch of obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).
    SHO1122147
  • HY-172972
    Mitochondrial-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    Mitochondrial-IN (C458) is a potent mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. Mitochondrial-IN demonstrates high protection against Aβ toxicity, favorable pharmacokinetics, and minimal off-target effects.
    Mitochondrial-IN-1
  • HY-178454
    Multitarget AD-IN-3
    Multitarget AD-IN-3 is a brain-penetrant neuroprotective agent. Multitarget AD-IN-3 can selectively inhibit MAO-B with an IC50 of 4.42 μM and a SI of 18.12. Multitarget AD-IN-3 can eliminate ROS. Multitarget AD-IN-3 Multitarget AD-IN-3 can inhibit Aβ1-42 self-aggregation and can reverse Aβ1-42-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and inhibit apoptosis. Multitarget AD-IN-3 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
    Multitarget AD-IN-3
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity