2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0832S
    L-Histidine-15N3
    		Inhibitor
    L-Histidine-15N3 is the 15N-labeled L-Histidine. L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport.
    L-Histidine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-128895A
    KL1333 hydrochloride
    KL1333 hydrochloride is an orally active NAD+ modulator that reacts with NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) as a substrate, leading to increased intracellular NAD+ levels through NADH oxidation. Elevated NAD+ levels trigger activation of SIRT1 and AMPK, and subsequently activate PGC-1α. KL1333 hydrochloride improves energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) fibroblasts. KL1333 hydrochloride protects against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in mouse cochlear cultures.
    KL1333 hydrochloride
  • HY-172116
    Mitochondria modulator-2
    		Inhibitor
    Mitochondria modulator-2 (Compound Ir1) induces the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, induces ROS generation, inhibits cell migration of A549, arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis in A549.
    Mitochondria modulator-2
  • HY-168962
    HDAC-IN-88
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-88 (Compound HJ-9) is the inhibitor for HDAC that inhibits HDAC6, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC8 and HDAC3 with IC50s of 0.226, 1.103, 2.308, 3.255 and 3.864 μM, respectively. HDAC-IN-88 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell HepG2, HCT116 and MV4-11 with IC50 of 5.47, 9.78 and 0.38 μM, inhibits the migration of HCT116, arrests the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and induces apoptosis and autophagy in MV4-11. HDAC-IN-88 reduces ROS level and mitochondrial membrane potential. HDAC-IN-88 exhibits antimalarial activity that inhibits P. falciparum 3D7 with EC50 of 165 nM. HDAC-IN-88 also exhibits anti-angiogenic activity.
    HDAC-IN-88
  • HY-W040298R
    Ciprofloxacin lactate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ciprofloxacin (lactate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin (lactate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) lactate is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin lactate induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin lactate has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin lactate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[4].
    Ciprofloxacin lactate (Standard)
  • HY-172199
    THX6
    		Inhibitor
    THX6 is the activator for human mitochondrial protease ClpP with an EC50 of 1.18 μM. THX6 exhibits cytotoxicity in ONC201-resistant cell SU-DIPG-VI with IC50 of 0.13 μM. THX6 inhibits the expression of mitochondrial-related proteins (such as parkin, TFAM, NRF1, SDHA), leads to impaired mitochondrial function. THX6 affects the lipid metabolism in cell membran, and exhibits antitumor potential.
    THX6
  • HY-145304
    DX3-235
    		Inhibitor
    DX3-235 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. DX3-235 shows nanomolar inhibition of complex I function and ATP production in a galactose-containing medium resulting in significant cytotoxicity.
    DX3-235
  • HY-114898
    ML404
    ML404 (Compound 38) is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP), which can suppress mitochondrial swelling (EC50=4.9 nM) and only disrupts mitochondrial coupling (an adverse effect) at concentrations > 100 μM. ML404 can be utilized in research related to multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), muscular dystrophies (MD), myocardial infarction, and stroke.
    ML404
  • HY-175454
    YH-0623
    YH-0623 is an orally active mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) inhibitor (IC50 = 50.48 nM, Nanoluciferase Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (NanoBRET) assay). YH-0623 exhibits antiproliferative effects on 22Rv1 cells by reducing the expression of mitochondrial-related genes. YH-0623 inhibits 22Rv1 cell growth, colony formation, and the expression of OXPHOS-related proteins. YH-0623 significantly inhibits tumor growth in a prostate cancer xenograft mouse model. YH-0623 is indicated for prostate cancer research.
    YH-0623
  • HY-162516
    DBI-2
    		Inhibitor
    DBI-2 is an AMPK activator targeting mitochondrial complex I. DBI-2 disrupts the OXPHOS process, and reduces ATP generation in mitochondria. DBI-2 inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.
    DBI-2
  • HY-176775
    TPP-IOA
    		Inhibitor
    TPP-IOA is a cytochrome c peroxidase inhibitor. TPP-IOA inhibits apoptosis by preventing cardiolipin oxidation and cytochrome c release to the cytosol. TPP-IOA disrupts oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria. TPP-IOA inhibits cell death in SH-SY5Y cells grown in glucose, but not galactose. TPP-IOA causes mitochondrial depolarization and network fragmentation. TPP-lOA mitigates radiation induced death in mice.
    TPP-IOA
  • HY-113410R
    3-Methylglutaric acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    3-Methylglutaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Methylglutaric acid (HY-113410). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na+, K+-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na+, K+-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration.
    3-Methylglutaric acid (Standard)
  • HY-N0346AR
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (Standard) is the analytical standard of (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate is a natural product found in Kaempferia galangal with anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic and anti-microbial effects. (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro with IC50s of 1.12 and 0.83 μM, respectively.
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (Standard)
  • HY-178987
    BJH-86
    		Inhibitor
    BJH-86 is a soluble mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor (oxygen consumption rate inhibition IC50 = 5 μM). BJH-86 exhibits weak inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) (IC50 >10 μM). BJH-86 can reduce cellular oxygen consumption and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. BJH-86 can be used for the research of cancer, such as lung cancer.
    BJH-86
  • HY-179155
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-19
    		Inhibitor
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-19 is an orally active, potent, selective PI3K (IC50 = 4.23 nM) and mTOR (IC50 = 2.3 nM) inhibitor. PI3K/mTOR-IN-19 significantly inhibits Eca109 cell viability and induces apoptosis. PI3K/mTOR-IN-19 causes G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and demonstrates marked telomerase inhibitory activity. PI3K/mTOR-IN-19 modulates the expression of key apoptotic regulators (Bcl-2, Bax, and p53) and downregulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PI3K/mTOR-IN-19 can be used for the study of esophageal cancer.
    PI3K/mTOR-IN-19
  • HY-169926
    AK-4
    		Inhibitor
    AK-4 is a glucose-lowering agent, acting function as a mitochondrial uncoupler.
    AK-4
  • HY-150966
    Antiproliferative agent-10
    		Inhibitor
    Antiproliferative agent-10 (compound 8) is an anti-tumour ruthenium(II)-tris-pyrazolylmethane complex that inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uptake.
    Antiproliferative agent-10
  • HY-150969
    Antiproliferative agent-12
    		Inhibitor
    Antiproliferative agent-10 (compound 1) is an anti-tumour ruthenium(II)-tris-pyrazolylmethane complex that inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uptake.
    Antiproliferative agent-12
  • HY-B1756S
    Rotenone-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Rotenone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Rotenone (HY-B1756). Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
    Rotenone-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-106396
    Ro 23-7553
    		Inhibitor
    Ro 23-7553 is a mitochondrial inhibitor. Ro 23-7553 promotes chondrocyte differentiation at physiological concentrations, while supraphysiological concentrations inhibit both proliferation and differentiation. Ro 23-7553 can be used for the study of cancer.
    Ro 23-7553
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity