2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0493
    Niflumic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.61%
    Niflumic acid is a calcium-activated chloride channel blocker and COX-2 inhibitor with the IC50 value of 100 nM. Niflumic acid induces apoptosis through caspase-8/Bid/Bax pathway in lung cancer cells. Niflumic acide exhibits anti-tumor activity by affecting the expression of ERK1/2 and the activity of MMP2 and MMP9. Niflumic acid has orally bioactivity. Niflumic acid acts on rheumatoid arthritis.
    Niflumic acid
  • HY-N0635
    Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression by through regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling.
    Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin
  • HY-18342
    Diflunisal
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Diflunisal (MK-647) is a salicylate derivative with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and uricosuric properties, which is used alone as an analgesic and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The mechanism of action of diflunisal is as a Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitor.
    Diflunisal
  • HY-N1996
    Chebulagic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.67%
    Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM.
    Chebulagic acid
  • HY-N6607
    Tryptanthrin
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α.
    Tryptanthrin
  • HY-14617
    Paradol
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Paradol is a pungent phenolic substance found in ginger and other Zingiberaceae plants. Paradol is an effective inhibitor of tumor promotion in mouse skin carcinogenesis, binds to cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 active site.
    Paradol
  • HY-78131S
    Ibuprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.18%
    Ibuprofen-d3 is a deuterium labeled Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM.
    Ibuprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N2963
    Broussonin E
    		Inhibitor 98.18%
    Broussonin E is a phenolic compound and shows anti-inflammatory activity. Broussonin E can suppress inflammation by modulating macrophages activation statevia inhibiting the ERK and p38 MAPK and enhancing JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Broussonin E can be used for the research of inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis.
    Broussonin E
  • HY-N0232
    Psoralidin
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation.
    Psoralidin
  • HY-N0217
    Benzoylaconine
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Benzoylaconine (Benzoylaconitine) is an orally active monoester alkaloid found in the traditional Chinese medicine Aconitum carmichaelii. Benzoylaconine is an ACE2 agonist (EC50: 1.5 μM) with antihypertensive and anti-heart failure effects. Benzoylaconine inhibits TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB pathways to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Benzoylaconine upregulates the protein levels of P-gp, MRP2, and has anti-tumor effects.
    Benzoylaconine
  • HY-N0908
    Ginsenoside Rg5
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Ginsenoside Rg5 is the main component of Red ginseng and IGF-1R agonist. Ginsenoside Rg5 compets for the binding site of IGF-1R and blocks the binding of IGF-1 to IGF-1R (IC50 about 90 nM). Ginsenoside Rg5 also inhibits the mRNA expression of COX-2 via suppression of the DNA binding activities of NF-κB p65.
    Ginsenoside Rg5
  • HY-15321
    Etoricoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Etoricoxib (MK-0663) is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.1 μM and 116 μM for COX-2 and COX-1 in human whole blood.
    Etoricoxib
  • HY-B0230
    Phenylbutazone
    		Inhibitor 99.82%
    Phenylbutazone is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Phenylbutazone, a hepatotoxin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Phenylbutazone induces muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) expression and has the potential for ankylosing spondylitis research.
    Phenylbutazone
  • HY-N6602
    α-Solanine
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    α-solanine, a bioactive component and one of the major steroidal glycoalkaloids in Solanum nigrum, has been observed to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
    α-Solanine
  • HY-N1957
    Gamma-Mangostin
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Gamma-Mangostin is a novel competitive 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor antagonist and potent epoxidase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, as well as a transthyroxin protein (TTR) profibrosis inhibitor. Gamma-Mangostin binds to the thyroxine (T4)-binding sites and stabilized the TTR tetramer. Gamma-Mangostin inhibits [3H] spiperone binding to cultured rat aortic myocytes (IC50=3.5 nM) and reduces The perfusion pressure response of rat coronary artery to 5-HT2A (IC50=0.32 μM). Gamma-Mangostin has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities, and can be used in the study of metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
    Gamma-Mangostin
  • HY-N8469
    cis-5-Dodecenoic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    cis-5-Dodecenoic acid is an inhibitor of COX-I and COX-II with anti-inflammatory activity. cis-5-Dodecenoic acid reduces prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting COX enzyme activity and is involved in the fatty acid -β oxidative metabolic pathway. The metabolic rate of cis-5-Dodecenoic acid is significantly lower than that of saturated fatty acids. cis-5-Dodecenoic acid can be used in the research of anti-inflammation, fatty acid metabolism mechanisms and related physiological and pathological processes.
    cis-5-Dodecenoic acid
  • HY-N0481
    Roburic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    Roburic acid, a tetracyclic triterpenoid found in Gentiana macrophylla, acts as an inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 5 and 9 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    Roburic acid
  • HY-N5015
    Rosmanol
    		Inhibitor 98.70%
    Rosmanol could inhibit the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LPL) and significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced iNOS and COX-2 expression, with anti-inflammatory effect.
    Rosmanol
  • HY-N7148
    γ-Tocopherol
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    γ-Tocopherol (D-γ-Tocopherol) is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E in many plant seeds, such as corn oil and soybeans. γ-Tocopherol possesses antiinflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity.
    γ-Tocopherol
  • HY-N0774
    Isofraxidin
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation.
    Isofraxidin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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