2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-137295
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) isoform-selective agonist. Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate induces selective translocation of nPKC-delta, -epsilon, and -theta and PKC-mu from the cytosolic fraction to the particulate fraction and induces morphologically typical apoptosis through de novo synthesis of macromolecules. Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate increases the IFN-γ production and degranulation by NK cells, especially when NK cells are stimulated by NSCLC cells.
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate
  • HY-W011404
    Tributyrin
    		Inducer 98.91%
    Tributyrin (Glyceryl tributyrate), a neutral short-chain fatty acid triglyceride, is a stable and rapidly absorbed proagent of Butyric Acid. Tributyrin diffuses through biological membranes and is metabolized by intracellular lipases, releasing effective butyrate directly into the cell in vivo. Tributyrin has potent antiproliferative, proapoptotic and differentiation-inducing effects.
    Tributyrin
  • HY-152231
    BODIPY FL thalidomide
    		Inducer 99.20%
    BODIPY FL thalidomide is a high-affinity fluorescent probe for the human cereblon protein with a Kd value of 3.6 nM[1]
    BODIPY FL thalidomide
  • HY-15649
    UNC1215
    		Inducer 99.80%
    UNC1215 is a potent and selective inhibitor for the methyllysine (Kme) reading domain function of L3MBTL3 with a Kd value of 120 nM and an IC50 of 40 nM. UNC1215 has the potential to treat malignant brain tumor.
    UNC1215
  • HY-108431
    MN58b
    		Inducer 99.72%
    MN58b is a selective choline kinase α (CHKα) inhibitor, and results in inhibition of phosphocholine synthesis. MN58b reduces cell growth through the induction of apoptosis, and also has antitumoral activity.
    MN58b
  • HY-13781
    Pemetrexed disodium hemipenta hydrate
    		Inducer 99.78%
    Pemetrexed disodium hemipenta hydrate is a novel antifolate, the Ki values of the pentaglutamate of LY231514 are 1.3, 7.2, and 65 nM for inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), respectively.
    Pemetrexed disodium hemipenta hydrate
  • HY-N6605
    Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
    		99.58%
    Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (Trifolin) is an orally active flavonoid derivative that can be found in the aerial parts of Consolida oliverana. Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside exhibits antitumor and cardioprotective effects.
    Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
  • HY-145532
    S-Allylmercaptocysteine
    		Inducer
    S-allylmercaptocysteine, an organic sulfur compound extracted from garlic, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects for various pulmonary diseases. S-allylmercaptocysteine achieves its anti-cancer effect through a variety of pathways such as inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells through the TGF-β signaling pathway, or reducing the NF-κB activity and up-regulating Nrf2 to achieve the effects of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation.
    S-Allylmercaptocysteine
  • HY-B0822
    Fipronil
    		Inducer 99.01%
    Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide effective against Lepidoptera species as well as thrips, locusts, ants, cockroaches, fleas and ticks. Fipronil selectively inhibits GABA receptor with IC50s of 30 nM and 1600 nM for cockroach and rat GABA receptors, respectively. Glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls), which are present in cockroaches but not in mammals, are sensitive to the blocking effect of Fipronil. Fipronil also induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells and promotes the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP3A4 mRNA in human hepatocytes.
    Fipronil
  • HY-103454B
    MPP hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.28%
    MPP hydrochloride is a potent and selective ER (estrogen receptor) modulator. MPP hydrochloride induces significant apoptosis in the endometrial cancer and oLE cell lines. MPP hydrochloride reverses the the positive effects of beta-estradiol. MPP hydrochloride has mixed agonist/antagonist action on murine uterine ERalpha in vivo.
    MPP hydrochloride
  • HY-113218
    Acetyl-L-carnitine
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression.
    Acetyl-L-carnitine
  • HY-B0336
    Pranoprofen
    		Inducer 98.65%
    Pranoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) for the research of keratitis or other ophthalmology diseases. Pranoprofen inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, thus blocking arachidonic acid converted to eicosanoids and reducing prostaglandins synthesis.
    Pranoprofen
  • HY-N0910
    Notoginsenoside Ft1
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Notoginsenoside Ft1 is a saponin isolated from Panax notoginseng; stimulator of angiogenesis.
    Notoginsenoside Ft1
  • HY-100517
    TP-472
    		Inducer 99.52%
    TP-472 is a selective BRD9/7 inhibitor, with Kds of 33 nM and 340 nM for BRD9 and BRD7, respectively. TP-472 exhibits >30-fold selectivity for BRD9 over other bromodomain family members except BRD7. TP-472 induces apoptosis of melanoma cells.
    TP-472
  • HY-18707
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12
    		Inducer 99.57%
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 is an irreversible inhibitor of K-Ras(G12C). K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 can alter the nucleotide-binding preference of K-Ras and block its interaction with effector proteins. K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 can reduce cell viability and induce apoptosis in lung cancer cell lines with G12C mutations. K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 has anti-tumor activity.
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12
  • HY-19474
    Maytansinol
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Maytansinol (Ansamitocin P-0) is a derivative of Maytansine. Maytansinol can inhibit tubulin polymerization and induce apoptosis. Maytansinol has antitumor activity. Maytansinol can be used in cancer drug research.
    Maytansinol
  • HY-101519
    BETd-260
    		Inducer 99.59%
    BETd-260 (ZBC 260) is a PROTAC connected by ligands for Cereblon and BET, with as low as 30 pM against BRD4 protein in RS4;11 leukemia cell line. BETd-260 potently suppresses cell viability and robustly induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
    BETd-260
  • HY-W082785A
    L6H21
    		Inhibitor 99.19%
    L6H21, a Chalcone (HY-121054) derivative, is an orally active, potent and specific myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2) inhibitor. L6H21 directly binds to MD-2 protein with a high affinity and low KD value of 33.3 μM, blocking the formation of the LPS-TLR4/MD-2 complex. L6H21 inhibits LPS-induced expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values of 6.58 and 8.59 μM, respectively. L6H21 can be used for alcoholic liver disease, metabolic disturbance and neuroinflammation research.
    L6H21
  • HY-120356A
    T-1101 tosylate
    		Inducer 99.05%
    T-1101 tosylate (TAI-95 tosylate) is the tosylate salt form of T-1101 (HY-120356). T-1101 tosylate is an orally active inhibitor for mitose regulating highly expressed oncoprotein 1 (Hec1). T-1101 tosylate blocks the interaction between Hec1 and NEK2, exhibits cytotoxicity in human liver cancer cells with GI50 of 15-70 nM. T-1101 tosylate induces apoptosis in Huh-7. T-1101 tosylate exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse models.
    T-1101 tosylate
  • HY-10204
    OSI-930
    		Inducer 98.57%
    OSI-930 is an orally selective inhibitor of Kit, KDR and CSF-1R (c-Fms) with IC50s of 80 nM, 9 nM and 15 nM, respectively. OSI-930 also moderately inhibits Flt-1, c-Raf, Lck and low activity against PDGFRα/β, Flt-3 and Abl. OSI-930 has antitumor activity.
    OSI-930
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity