2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-164388
    Z-VAD
    		Inhibitor 99.53%
    Z-VAD is an irreversible, broad-spectrum pan-caspase inhibitor that can inhibit a variety of caspases including caspase-3, -6, -7, -8, -9, etc. (with a weaker inhibitory effect on caspase-2). Z-VAD can block apoptosis signaling pathways, induce autophagy and necrosis in tumor cells, and has anti-angiogenic activity. Z-VAD can enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer and lung cancer cells to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo, and prolong the growth delay of tumor xenograft models. Z-VAD is well tolerated and is mainly used in research related to cancer radiosensitization and cell death pathway regulation.
    Z-VAD
  • HY-13538
    Gemcitabine elaidate
    		Inducer 99.14%
    Gemcitabine elaidate (CP-4126) is lipophilic pro-agent of Gemcitabine. Gemcitabine elaidate is converted to Gemcitabine by esterases in order to be phosphorylated. Gemcitabine elaidate exhibits anti-tumor activity.
    Gemcitabine elaidate
  • HY-13567
    Bendamustine
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Bendamustine (SDX-105 free base), a purine analogue, is a DNA cross-linking agent. Bendamustine activates DNA-damage stress response and apoptosis. Bendamustine has potent alkylating, anticancer and antimetabolite properties.
    Bendamustine
  • HY-B0185R
    Lidocaine (Standard)
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Lidocaine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lidocaine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lidocaine (Lignocaine) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence. Lidocaine decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine is an amide derivative and has potential for the research of ventricular arrhythmia.
    Lidocaine (Standard)
  • HY-N6257
    Cafestol
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Cafestol is an orally active diterpenoid and an inhibitor of ERK2. Cafestol has elevated blood lipids, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-diabetic activities. In addition, Cafestol induces tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy, which can be used in the study of cancer.
    Cafestol
  • HY-N6939
    Pseudolaric Acid B
    		Inducer 99.47%
    Pseudolaric Acid B is an orally active diterpene acid. Pseudolaric Acid B has anti-fungal, anti-fertility, anti-angiogenesis and anticancer activity, and can induce tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, Pseudolaric Acid B can inhibit the secretion of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and has immunosuppressive effect, selectively inhibiting the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the production of IL-2.
    Pseudolaric Acid B
  • HY-N4058
    Helichrysetin
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Helichrysetin is isolated from the flower Helichrysum odoratissimum. Helichrysetin is an ID2 (DNA binding inhibitor 2) inhibitor. Helichrysetin induces apoptosis. Helichrysetin has anti-tumor and antioxidant activity.
    Helichrysetin
  • HY-N6016
    Bacopaside II
    		Inducer 98.69%
    Bacopaside II, an extract from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri. Bacopaside II is the inhibitor for AQP1 that exhibits anti-angiogenesis activity. Bacopaside II exhibits cytotoxicity and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
    Bacopaside II
  • HY-110042
    CCT018159
    		Inducer 99.94%
    CCT018159, a 3,4-diaryl pyrazoleresorcinol, is a ATP-competitive HSP90 ATPase activity inhibitor with IC50s of 3.2 and 6.6 µM for human Hsp90β and yeast Hsp90, respectively. CCT018159 caused cell cytostasis associated with a G1 arrest and induces apoptosis. CCT018159 inhibits key endothelial and tumor cell functions implicated in invasion and angiogenesis.
    CCT018159
  • HY-N0706
    Gracillin
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Gracillin is a steroidal saponin that can be extracted from the roots of the plant and has anti-tumor properties. Gracillin can induce cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy.
    Gracillin
  • HY-N0265
    Asperosaponin VI
    		Inhibitor 98.73%
    Asperosaponin VI is a saponin component from Dipsacus asper. Asperosaponin VI induces osteoblast differentiation through the BMP-2/p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Asperosaponin VI protects against hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt and CREB pathways. Additionally, Asperosaponin VI also has antidepressant and wound-healing-promoting activities.
    Asperosaponin VI
  • HY-N7637
    Tubuloside B
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Tubuloside B, one of the phenylethanoids isolated from the stems of Cistanche salsa, inhibits TNFα-induced apoptosis. Tubuloside B possesses antioxidative effects.
    Tubuloside B
  • HY-155950
    TH9619
    		Inducer 99.33%
    TH9619 is a potent inhibitor of dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities in both MTHFD1 and MTHFD2 with a IC50 value of 47 nM, and selectively kills cancer cells. TH9619 induces apoptosis by blocking the S phase. TH9619 has antitumor activity.
    TH9619
  • HY-B0612A
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride
  • HY-N1446S2
    Oleic acid-13C18
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Oleic acid-13C18 is the 13C labeled Oleic acid (HY-N1446). Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator.
    Oleic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>18</sub>
  • HY-120019
    Ac-YVAD-CHO
    		Inhibitor 98.23%
    Ac-YVAD-CHO (L-709049) is a potent, reversible, specific tetrapeptide interleukin-lβ converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor with mouse and human Ki values of 3.0 and 0.76 nM. Ac-YVAD-CHO is also a caspase-1 inhibitor. Ac-YVAD-CHO can suppress the production of mature IL-lβ.
    Ac-YVAD-CHO
  • HY-N0327
    Lobetyolin
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Lobetyolin, a bioactive compound, is derived from Codonopsis pilosula. Lobetyolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and xanthine oxidase inhibiting activities. Lobetyolin also induces the apoptosis via the inhibition of ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism. Lobetyolin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Lobetyolin
  • HY-17507
    Pantoprazole
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Pantoprazole (BY10232) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Pantoprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142).
    Pantoprazole
  • HY-W016409
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes HIF-1α by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascular permeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema.
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
  • HY-109582
    ADT-OH
    		99.06%
    ADT-OH is a hydrogen sulfide-releasing donor. ADT-OH induces apoptosis and upregulates FADD. ADT-OH inhibits FAK/Paxillin. ADT-OH has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
    ADT-OH
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity