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Deoxyandrographolide suppresses LPS induced increase in mRNA levels of iNOS as well as production of proinflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6. Deoxyandrographolide potentiates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth .
MAP4343 is the 3-methylether derivative of Pregnenolone. MAP4343 binds in vitro to microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), stimulates the polymerization of tubulin, enhances the extension of neurites and protects neurons against neurotoxic agents .
Pregnenolone acetate (compound #43), a nonmetabolized Pregnenolone (HY-B0151) analog, can promote neurite extension and induce a change in growth cone morphology in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons. Pregnenolone acetate, a neurosteroid, increases microtubule polymerization. Pregnenolone acetate has the potential for neurodevelopmental diseases research .
14-Norpseurotin is a compound isolated from the culture of Aspergillus fumigatus. 14-Norpseurotin significantly induces neurite outgrowth of rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) at a 10.0 microM concentration .
Gentiside B has neuritogenic activity and induce neurite outgrowth. Gentiside B can be isolated from the root and rhizome of Gentiana rigescens. Gentiana has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiproliferative and antimicrobial effects .
HDAC6-IN-36 (compound 11d) is an inhibitor of HDAC6 with IC50 value of 8.64 nM. HDAC6-IN-36 induces neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells without producing toxic effects.
Kissoone C (compound 3) is a three-membered ring sesquiterpene isolated from valerian root. Kissoone C can enhance the activity of nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells .
Lysoganglioside-GM1 (LysoGM1) potassium is a derivative of Monosialoganglioside GM1, which lacks a fatty acid. Lysoganglioside-GM1 potassium is also an inhibitor of GM1 aggregation. Lysoganglioside-GM1 potassium can inhibit the activation of Lyn and laminin-1-mediated neurite outgrowth. Lysoganglioside-GM1 potassium can be used in the research of nervous system diseases .
Lysoganglioside-GM1 (LysoGM1) ammonium is a derivative of Monosialoganglioside GM1, which lacks a fatty acid. Lysoganglioside-GM1 ammonium is also an inhibitor of GM1 aggregation. Lysoganglioside-GM1 ammonium can inhibit the activation of Lyn and laminin-1-mediated neurite outgrowth. Lysoganglioside-GM1 ammonium can be used in the research of nervous system diseases .
D-threo-PDMP is a potent glucoceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor, which reduces the glycosphingolipids (such as GM3 and GD3) on the cell surface by inhibiting glycosylation, reduces the total length of the axon plexus and the number of axon branch points, and inhibits neurite growth. D-threo-PDMP inhibits the synthesis of GM3, thereby reducing the adhesion ability of B16 melanoma cells and mimicking the pathological effects of hyperglycemia/TGF-β1. D-threo-PDMP inhibits the synthesis of GD3, thereby protecting liver cells from apoptosis induced by TNF-α. D-threo-PDMP can be used to study diseases related to targeted glycosphingolipid metabolism .
FKBP51-Hsp90-IN-2 (Compound E08) is a selective FKBP51-Hsp90 protein-protein interaction inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.4 µM and 5 µM for FKBP51 and FKBP52, respectively. FKBP51-Hsp90-IN-2 also effectively stimulates cellular energy metabolism and neurite growth. FKBP51-Hsp90-IN-2 can be used in research on neurodegenerative diseases and cancer .
3,4-Dephostatin (Methyl-3,4-dephostatin) is an inhibitor of protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase). 3,4-Dephostatin accelerates nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite formation in PC12h cells. 3,4-Dephostatin sustains the NGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins, most prominently that of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. 3,4-Dephostatin also prolongs epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of MAP kinase .
H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH is one of the most potent active sites of laminin-1. H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH promotes cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and tumor growth. H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH stimulates BMMSC population growth and proliferation by activating MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways .
LM11A-31 dihydrochloride, a non-peptide p75 NTR (neurotrophin receptor p75) modulator, is an orally active and potent proNGF (nerve growth factor) antagonist. LM11A-31 dihydrochloride is an amino acid derivative with high blood-brain barrier permeability and blocks p75-mediated cell death. LM11A-31 dihydrochloride reverses cholinergic neurite dystrophy in Alzheimer's disease mouse models with mid- to late-stage disease progression .
B355252, a phenoxy thiophene sulfonamide small molecule, is a potent NGF receptor agonist. B355252 potentiates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. B355252 protects ischemic neurons from neuronal loss by attenuating DNA damage, reducing ROS production and the LDH level, and preventing neuronal apoptosis. B355252 has anti-apoptotic effects in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, as well as in a murine hippocampal cell line (HT22) model of Parkinson disease (PD) .
Ganglioside sialidase (AuSialidase S) is an endogenous metabolite. Ganglioside sialidases have been implicated in neuronal differentiation processes, including neurite outgrowth .
Isogarciniaxanthone E (compound 1) is a natural product that can be found in Garcinia xanthochymus. Isogarciniaxanthone E enhances nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth .
PH-002 is an inhibitor of apolipoprotein (apo) E4 intramolecular domain interaction in neuronal cells that could rescue impairments of mitochondrial motility and neurite outgrowth.
PACA is an enhancer of nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth, enhancing nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth and attenuating 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced toxicity by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. PACA has neuroprotective and neurogenic activities. PACA can be used to improve dopaminergic neuron loss and motor dysfunction in MPTP mouse models of Parkinson's disease and MPP +-induced neurons .
Neuchromenin is a microbial melabolite that can be isolated from the culture broth of Eupenicillium javanicum var. meloforme PFll81. Neuchromenin induces neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells .
Erinacine U is a cyanogen diterpene isolated from Hericium erinaceus, which has neurotrophic activity and has obvious neurite growth-promoting effect on PC12 cells .
Ganglioside GQ1b (bovine) sodium promotes neurite outgrowth during early neuronal differentiation. Ganglioside GQ1b (bovine) sodium controls the neuronal differentiation process in mESCs .
BIPM is a potent ROCK2 inhibitor. BIPM leads to significant changes in neurite length, cell migration and actin stress fibers. BIPM plays an important role in anti-cancer metastasis .
GW 441756 is a potent and specific nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor tyrosine kinases A (TrkA) inhibitor (IC50=2 nM), which eliminates the BmK NSPK-induced neurite outgrowth .
HBV-IN-44 (Compound (S)-2a) is a HBV inhibitor with a IC50 value of 23 nM for HbsAg. HBV-IN-44 is less toxic to the neurite growth of HT22 cells and DRG neurons in vitro .
Garciniaxanthone E is a xanthone compound. Garciniaxanthone E significantly enhances cellular nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells. Garciniaxanthone E contributes to basic research and medicinal development in neurodegenerative diseases .
4-PivO-NMT chloride is an indole-derived AMPK signaling pathway modulator that regulates neurogenesis or neurite outgrowth by modulating AMPK activity. 4-PivO-NMT chloride holds promise for research in the fields of neurological disorders, pain, and inflammation .
NG-012, potentiator of nerve growth factor (NGF), were isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium verruculosum F-4542. NG-012 potentiates the neurite outgrowth induced by NGF in rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) .
Gardenin A is an orally active and synthetic PMF analogue with the neurotrophic effect for neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation. Gardenin A promotes neuritogenesis via activating MAPK/ERK, PKC, and PKA, but not TrkA, CREB signaling pathways. Gardenin A also has sedative, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant effects .
N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride is a polyamine metabolite. N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride can be oxidatively deaminated by copper amine oxidase. N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride can also induce the differentiation of PC12 cells and promote neurite outgrowth .
GABA-A Receptor Ligand-1 (Compound 4) is a ligand for GABA-A receptor with a pKi of 7.27. GABA-A Receptor Ligand-1 reduces mitochondrial dysfunction, promotes neurite outgrowth and neuronal regeneration. GABA-A Receptor Ligand-1 exhibits neuroprotective efficacy in rats ischemic stroke models .
1-Hexadecyl lysophosphatidic acid is an ether analog of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) containing a hexadecyl group in the sn-1 position. LPA binds to five different G protein-coupled receptors and mediates a variety of biological responses, including cell proliferation, smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, neurite contraction, and cell motility.
H-Met-Val-OH is a dipeptide containing free N-terminal methionine. H-Met-Val-OH exhibits activity against cDNA expressing Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) 1 and FMO3. H-Met-Val-OH has potential applications in the growth of neuritis .
MAP4343-d4 is the deuterium labeled MAP4343. MAP4343 is the 3-methylether derivative of Pregnenolone. MAP4343 binds in vitro to microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), stimulates the polymerization of tubulin, enhances the extension of neurites and protects neurons against neurotoxic agents .
Ganoleucoin R is a triterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Ganoderma leucocontextum. Ganoleucoin R exerts a protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage and can promote neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Ganoleucoin R possesses neuroprotective and neurogenic activities, and can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases .
NS 1231 is a neurotrophic-like compound with neuroprotective effect. NS 1231 can rescue nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells from death induced by withdrawal of trophic factors. NS 1231 can stimulate NGF-induced neurite outgrowth of undifferentiated PC12 cells. NS 1231 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as stroke .
Nardosinone, isolated from Nardostachys chinensis, is the first enhancer of the neuritogenic action of dbcAMP and staurosporine. Nardosinone may become a useful pharmacological tool for studying the mechanism of action of not only nerve growth factor (NGF) but also both the neuritogenic substances .
Nardosinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nardosinone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nardosinone, isolated from Nardostachys chinensis, is the first enhancer of the neuritogenic action of dbcAMP and staurosporine. Nardosinone may become a useful pharmacological tool for studying the mechanism of action of not only nerve growth factor (NGF) but also both the neuritogenic substances .
KP 544 is a potent neurotrophic protein enhancer that amplifies nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. KP544 also enhances choline acetyltransferase activity. KP 544 selectively interact in the differentiation pathway downstream of MAPK in a manner that amplifies nerve growth factor and cyclic AMP effects and is also neuroprotective .
Laminin (Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma basement membrane) is a crucial structural element in animal tissues, forming part of the scaffolding that supports tissue architecture. It interacts with type IV collagen through entactin and perlecan, connects to cell membranes via integrin receptors, dystroglycan complexes, and Lutheran blood group glycoproteins, and contains functional domains that facilitate collagen binding, cell adhesion, heparin interaction, and promote neurite outgrowth.
N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride is a polyamine metabolite. N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride can be oxidatively deaminated by copper amine oxidase. N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride can also induce the differentiation of PC12 cells and promote neurite outgrowth .
SAR228810 is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody inhibitor targeting amyloid β (Aβ) with a KD of 0.43 nM for protofibrillar Aβ over monomeric Aβ. SAR228810 significantly inhibits the brain amyloid plaque formation and oligomer-induced synaptic dysfunction and neurite loss. SAR228810 has significant protection against Aβ-mediated neuritotoxicity. MINT1526A can be used for Alzheimer’s disease imaging and immunotherapy research .
Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) hydrochloride, an atypical orally active antipsychotic agent, is a partial agonist of human 5-HT1A and dopamine D2L receptor with Kis of 0.12 nM and 0.3 nM, respectively. Brexpiprazole hydrochloride is also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.47 nM. Brexpiprazole hydrochloride also shows potent antagonist activity at human noradrenergic α1B (Ki=0.17 nM) and α2C receptors (Ki=0.59 nM) .
Brexpiprazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Brexpiprazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712), an atypical orally active antipsychotic agent, is a partial agonist of human 5-HT1A and dopamine D2L receptor with Kis of 0.12 nM and 0.3 nM, respectively. Brexpiprazole is also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.47 nM. Brexpiprazole also shows potent antagonist activity at human noradrenergic α1B (Ki=0.17 nM) and α2C receptors (Ki=0.59 nM) .
Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712), an atypical orally active antipsychotic agent, is a partial agonist of human 5-HT1A and dopamine D2L receptor with Kis of 0.12 nM and 0.3 nM, respectively. Brexpiprazole is also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.47 nM. Brexpiprazole also shows potent antagonist activity at human noradrenergic α1B (Ki=0.17 nM) and α2C receptors (Ki=0.59 nM) .
HDAC6-IN-5 (compound 11b) is a potent and BBB-penetrated HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.025 μM. HDAC6-IN-5 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against Aβ1-42 self-aggregation and AChE, with IC50 values of 3.0 and 0.72 μM. HDAC6-IN-5 can enhance neurite outgrowth without significant neurotoxicity .
TAT-NEP1-40 acetate is a therapeutic candidate for axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can protect PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and promote neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can be efficiently delivered into the rat brains .
TAT-NEP1-40 is a BBB-penatrable peptide. TAT-NEP1-40 protects PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), and promotes neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 also improves ischemia-induced neurologic outcomes by inhibiting cell apoptosis in ischemic brains. TAT-NEP1-40 can be used for research of CNS injuries, such as axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke .
HDAC6-IN-6 (compound 6a) is a potent and BBB-penetrated HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.025 μM. HDAC6-IN-6 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against Aβ1-42 self-aggregation and AChE, with IC50 values of 3.0 and 0.72 μM. HDAC6-IN-6 can enhance neurite outgrowth without significant neurotoxicity .
TAT-NEP1-40 TFA is a BBB-penatrable peptide. TAT-NEP1-40 TFA protects PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), and promotes neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 TFA also improves ischemia-induced neurologic outcomes by inhibiting cell apoptosis in ischemic brains. TAT-NEP1-40 TFA can be used for research of CNS injuries, such as axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke .
RC-33 hydrochloride is a selective and metabolically stable σ receptor agonist with activity in enhancing nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth. Both enantiomers of RC-33 hydrochloride bind to the σ receptor with similar affinity and show almost equal effectiveness as σ receptor agonists. The R-configured enantiomer of RC-33 hydrochloride shows higher liver metabolic stability in the presence of NADPH. RC-33 hydrochloride was selected as the best candidate for further in vivo studies in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .
LM11A-31, a non-peptide p75 NTR (neurotrophin receptor p75) modulator, is an orally active and potent proNGF (nerve growth factor) antagonist. LM11A-31 is an amino acid derivative with high blood-brain barrier permeability and blocks p75-mediated cell death. LM11A-31 reverses cholinergic neurite dystrophy in Alzheimer's disease mouse models with mid- to late-stage disease progression .
Lactacystin is a potent, orally active, irreversible, cell-permeable, selective 20S proteasome inhibitor (IC50 = 4.8 μM). Lactacystin also inhibits the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin A. Lactacystin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosisand cell cycle arrest, and has antiviral and antioxidative activity. Lactacystin induces neurite outgrowth and hypertension. Lactacystin has the potential for the research of cancer, Neurological Disease, hypertension and Malaria, and so on [2] [6] .
ITX3 is a specific and nontoxic inhibitor of TrioN (N-terminal GEF domain of the multidomain Trio protein) with an IC50 value of 76 μM. ITX3 can be used for the research of agent .
GSK3β-IN-2 (Compound S01) is the inhibitor for GSK3β with an IC50 of 0.35 nM. GSK3β-IN-2 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promotes neurogenesis and neurite growth. GSK3β-IN-2 inhibits Aβ-induced tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser396, reduces the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. GSK3β-IN-2 ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease in zebrafish model .
ONO 1603, a novel prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor investigated as a potential antidementia drug, demonstrated neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects in cerebellar granule cells similar to tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA). At a concentration of 0.03 microM, ONO 1603 promoted neuronal survival, enhanced neurite outgrowth, increased m3-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) mRNA levels, and stimulated mAChR-mediated signaling pathways. These findings suggest that ONO 1603 shares pharmacological similarities with THA, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease by enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission and neuronal function .
m-Coumaric acid is a polyphenol metabolite from caffeic acid, formed by the gut microflora and the amount in human biofluids is diet-dependant. m-Coumaric acid is a BBB-penetrant metabolite of chlorogenic acid. m-Coumaric acid stimulates the cerebral nerves in vitro. m-Coumaric acid can evoke neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neuronal cells. m-Coumaric acid can promote neuronal differentiation. m-Coumaric acid increases spontaneous locomotor activity in mice by acting on the central nervous system. m-Coumaric acid inhibits the oxidation of L-dopa by epidermis tyrosinase. m-Coumaric acid attenuates non-catalytic protein glycosylation in retinas of diabetic rats .
Amdiglurax (NSI-189) phosphate is an orally active chemical entity with enhanced neurogenic activity. Amdiglurax phosphate up-regulates neurogenic factors such as BDNF (brain derived-neurotrophic factor) and SCF. Amdiglurax phosphate exhibits anti-depressant effect. Amdiglurax enhances synaptic plasticity and reduces cognitive dysfunction. Amdiglurax phosphate holds potential for psychiatric disorder research .
Amdiglurax (NSI-189) is an orally active chemical entity with enhanced neurogenic activity. Amdiglurax up-regulates neurogenic factors such as BDNF (brain derived-neurotrophic factor) and SCF. Amdiglurax exhibits anti-depressant effect. Amdiglurax enhances synaptic plasticity and reduces cognitive dysfunction. Amdiglurax holds potential for psychiatric disorder research .
RG-239 is an orally active TGR5 agonist with an EC50 of 120 nM, significantly outperforming Betulinic acid (HY-10529) (EC50 = 1.04 μM). RG-239 demonstrates higher selectivity for TGR5 compared to the FXRα. RG-239 increases mitochondrial activity in adipocytes and promotes neurite outgrowth at higher concentrations. RG-239 inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced iNOS expression and nitrite production in Raw264.7 and microglia cells. RG-239 can be used for the study of type 2 diabetes [1][2][3][4][5].
D-threo-PDMP hydrochloride is a potent glucoceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor, which reduces the glycosphingolipids (such as GM3 and GD3) on the cell surface by inhibiting glycosylation, reduces the total length of the axon plexus and the number of axon branch points, and inhibits neurite growth. D-threo-PDMP hydrochloride inhibits the synthesis of GM3, thereby reducing the adhesion ability of B16 melanoma cells and mimicking the pathological effects of hyperglycemia/TGF-β1. D-threo-PDMP hydrochloride inhibits the synthesis of GD3, thereby protecting liver cells from apoptosis induced by TNF-α. D-threo-PDMP hydrochloride can be used to study diseases related to targeted glycosphingolipid metabolism .
m-Coumaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of m-Coumaric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. m-Coumaric acid is a polyphenol metabolite from caffeic acid, formed by the gut microflora and the amount in human biofluids is diet-dependant. m-Coumaric acid is a BBB-penetrant metabolite of chlorogenic acid. m-Coumaric acid stimulates the cerebral nerves in vitro. m-Coumaric acid can evoke neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neuronal cells. m-Coumaric acid can promote neuronal differentiation. m-Coumaric acid increases spontaneous locomotor activity in mice by acting on the central nervous system. m-Coumaric acid inhibits the oxidation of L-dopa by epidermis tyrosinase. m-Coumaric acid attenuates non-catalytic protein glycosylation in retinas of diabetic rats .
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a naturally-occurring lysophospholipid that can be generated via deacylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A2 (PLA2). It increases the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in PC12 cells, an effect that can be blocked by the MEK inhibitors U-0126 (HY-12031A) and PD 98059 (HY-12028) and the EGFR inhibitor AG-1478 (HY-13524).1 LPE also increases neurite outgrowth and expression of neurofilament M in PC12 cells. LPE inhibits the activity of phospholipase D (PLD) partially purified from cabbage.3 This product contains lysophosphatidylethanolamine molecular species with variable fatty acyl chain lengths at the sn-1 position and a hydroxy group at the sn-2 position.
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium salt is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
(Rac)-LM11A-31 dihydrochloride is an isomer of LM11A-31 dihydrochloride. LM11A-31 dihydrochloride, a non-peptide p75 NTR (neurotrophin receptor p75) modulator, is an orally active and potent proNGF (nerve growth factor) antagonist .
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate-d6 sodium dihydrate is the deuterium labeled Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium dihydrate is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
PPZ2 is a diacylglycerol (DAG)-activated TRPC3/TRPC6/TRPC7 channel activator with activity in promoting neuronal development and survival. PPZ2 activates recombinant TRPC3/TRPC6/TRPC7 channels in a dose-dependent manner without affecting other TRPC channels. PPZ2 elicits cation currents and calcium ion (Ca(2+)) influx in cultured central neurons. PPZ2 is able to induce BDNF-like neurite outgrowth and neuroprotection, an effect that disappears after TRPC3/TRPC6/TRPC7 knockdown or inhibition. PPZ2 also increases the activation of the calcium-dependent transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein. The effects of PPZ2 suggest that calcium signaling mediated by activation of DAG-activated TRPC channels plays an important role in its neurotrophic effects .
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (HY-113416). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt-d6 (DHEA sulfate sodium salt-d6; Prasterone sulfate sodium salt-d6) is the deuterium labeled Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (HY-B0765). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium salt is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium salt (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (HY-B0765). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
1-Hexadecyl lysophosphatidic acid is an ether analog of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) containing a hexadecyl group in the sn-1 position. LPA binds to five different G protein-coupled receptors and mediates a variety of biological responses, including cell proliferation, smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, neurite contraction, and cell motility.
Laminin (Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma basement membrane) is a crucial structural element in animal tissues, forming part of the scaffolding that supports tissue architecture. It interacts with type IV collagen through entactin and perlecan, connects to cell membranes via integrin receptors, dystroglycan complexes, and Lutheran blood group glycoproteins, and contains functional domains that facilitate collagen binding, cell adhesion, heparin interaction, and promote neurite outgrowth.
H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH is one of the most potent active sites of laminin-1. H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH promotes cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and tumor growth. H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH stimulates BMMSC population growth and proliferation by activating MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways .
Tat-peptide 190-208 TFA is a cell-permeable and Tat-labeled fusion peptide, corresponding to residues 190-208 of rat G3BP1. Tat sequence from HIV, is placed at the least conserved end of the sequence, for cell permeability. Tat-peptide 190-208 TFA increases axon growth and increases the number of neurites per neuron. Tat-peptide 190-208 TFA likely exhibits an axon intrinsic mechanism. Tat-peptide 190-208 TFA can be used for ischemic protection during endovascular repair for intracranial aneurysms .
PA22-2 (IKVAV sequence; Laminin A-chain fragment) is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is derived from mouse laminin a1 . Cell matrix substrate constituted with this peptide can promote neurite outgrowth.)
H-Met-Val-OH is a dipeptide containing free N-terminal methionine. H-Met-Val-OH exhibits activity against cDNA expressing Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) 1 and FMO3. H-Met-Val-OH has potential applications in the growth of neuritis .
Tat-peptide 168-189 is a cell-permeable and Tat-labeled fusion peptide, corresponding to residues 168-189 of rat G3BP1. Tat sequence from HIV, is placed at the least conserved end of the sequence, for cell permeability. Tat-peptide 168-189 is the negtive control of Tat-peptide 190-208 (HY-P5118), as Tat-peptide 190-208 increases axon growth and increases the number of neurites per neuron .
Tat-peptide 168-189 is a cell-permeable and Tat-labeled fusion peptide, corresponding to residues 168-189 of rat G3BP1. Tat sequence from HIV, is placed at the least conserved end of the sequence, for cell permeability. Tat-peptide 168-189 is the negtive control of Tat-peptide 168-189 TFA (HY-P5118A), as Tat-peptide 168-189 TFA increases axon growth and increases the number of neurites per neuron .
Tat-peptide 190-208 is a cell-permeable and Tat-labeled fusion peptide, corresponding to residues 190-208 of rat G3BP1. Tat sequence from HIV, is placed at the least conserved end of the sequence, for cell permeability. Tat-peptide 190-208 increases axon growth and increases the number of neurites per neuron. Tat-peptide 190-208 likely exhibits an axon intrinsic mechanism. Tat-peptide 190-208 can be used for ischemic protection during endovascular repair for intracranial aneurysms .
NX210 is a dodecapeptide derived from the SCO-spondin protein. NX210 can increase cell survival and induce neurite outgrowth, and participate in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. NX210 can be used in research on spinal cord injury recovery .
PA22-2 (free acid) (Cys-Laminin A chain 2091-2108) is a peptide that supports neurite outgrowth and stimulates neuronal-like process formation. PA22-2 (free acid) can be used to culture human adenoid cystic carcinoma cells, and in the preparation of peptide-functionalized supported phospholipid bilayers .
TAT-NEP1-40 acetate is a therapeutic candidate for axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can protect PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and promote neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can be efficiently delivered into the rat brains .
TAT-NEP1-40 is a BBB-penatrable peptide. TAT-NEP1-40 protects PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), and promotes neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 also improves ischemia-induced neurologic outcomes by inhibiting cell apoptosis in ischemic brains. TAT-NEP1-40 can be used for research of CNS injuries, such as axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke .
TAT-NEP1-40 TFA is a BBB-penatrable peptide. TAT-NEP1-40 TFA protects PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), and promotes neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 TFA also improves ischemia-induced neurologic outcomes by inhibiting cell apoptosis in ischemic brains. TAT-NEP1-40 TFA can be used for research of CNS injuries, such as axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke .
Ozanezumab (GSK1223249) is an anti-Nogo-A(neurite outgrowth inhibitor A) monoclonal antibody. Ozanezumab can be used in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis research .
SAR228810 is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody inhibitor targeting amyloid β (Aβ) with a KD of 0.43 nM for protofibrillar Aβ over monomeric Aβ. SAR228810 significantly inhibits the brain amyloid plaque formation and oligomer-induced synaptic dysfunction and neurite loss. SAR228810 has significant protection against Aβ-mediated neuritotoxicity. MINT1526A can be used for Alzheimer’s disease imaging and immunotherapy research .
Deoxyandrographolide suppresses LPS induced increase in mRNA levels of iNOS as well as production of proinflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6. Deoxyandrographolide potentiates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth .
Erinacine U is a cyanogen diterpene isolated from Hericium erinaceus, which has neurotrophic activity and has obvious neurite growth-promoting effect on PC12 cells .
Gentiside B has neuritogenic activity and induce neurite outgrowth. Gentiside B can be isolated from the root and rhizome of Gentiana rigescens. Gentiana has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiproliferative and antimicrobial effects .
Kissoone C (compound 3) is a three-membered ring sesquiterpene isolated from valerian root. Kissoone C can enhance the activity of nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells .
Isogarciniaxanthone E (compound 1) is a natural product that can be found in Garcinia xanthochymus. Isogarciniaxanthone E enhances nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth .
Neuchromenin is a microbial melabolite that can be isolated from the culture broth of Eupenicillium javanicum var. meloforme PFll81. Neuchromenin induces neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells .
Garciniaxanthone E is a xanthone compound. Garciniaxanthone E significantly enhances cellular nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells. Garciniaxanthone E contributes to basic research and medicinal development in neurodegenerative diseases .
NG-012, potentiator of nerve growth factor (NGF), were isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium verruculosum F-4542. NG-012 potentiates the neurite outgrowth induced by NGF in rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) .
Gardenin A is an orally active and synthetic PMF analogue with the neurotrophic effect for neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation. Gardenin A promotes neuritogenesis via activating MAPK/ERK, PKC, and PKA, but not TrkA, CREB signaling pathways. Gardenin A also has sedative, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant effects .
N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride is a polyamine metabolite. N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride can be oxidatively deaminated by copper amine oxidase. N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride can also induce the differentiation of PC12 cells and promote neurite outgrowth .
Ganoleucoin R is a triterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Ganoderma leucocontextum. Ganoleucoin R exerts a protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage and can promote neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Ganoleucoin R possesses neuroprotective and neurogenic activities, and can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases .
Nardosinone, isolated from Nardostachys chinensis, is the first enhancer of the neuritogenic action of dbcAMP and staurosporine. Nardosinone may become a useful pharmacological tool for studying the mechanism of action of not only nerve growth factor (NGF) but also both the neuritogenic substances .
Nardosinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nardosinone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nardosinone, isolated from Nardostachys chinensis, is the first enhancer of the neuritogenic action of dbcAMP and staurosporine. Nardosinone may become a useful pharmacological tool for studying the mechanism of action of not only nerve growth factor (NGF) but also both the neuritogenic substances .
N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride is a polyamine metabolite. N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride can be oxidatively deaminated by copper amine oxidase. N8-Acetylspermidine dihydrochloride can also induce the differentiation of PC12 cells and promote neurite outgrowth .
Lactacystin is a potent, orally active, irreversible, cell-permeable, selective 20S proteasome inhibitor (IC50 = 4.8 μM). Lactacystin also inhibits the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin A. Lactacystin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosisand cell cycle arrest, and has antiviral and antioxidative activity. Lactacystin induces neurite outgrowth and hypertension. Lactacystin has the potential for the research of cancer, Neurological Disease, hypertension and Malaria, and so on [2] [6] .
m-Coumaric acid is a polyphenol metabolite from caffeic acid, formed by the gut microflora and the amount in human biofluids is diet-dependant. m-Coumaric acid is a BBB-penetrant metabolite of chlorogenic acid. m-Coumaric acid stimulates the cerebral nerves in vitro. m-Coumaric acid can evoke neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neuronal cells. m-Coumaric acid can promote neuronal differentiation. m-Coumaric acid increases spontaneous locomotor activity in mice by acting on the central nervous system. m-Coumaric acid inhibits the oxidation of L-dopa by epidermis tyrosinase. m-Coumaric acid attenuates non-catalytic protein glycosylation in retinas of diabetic rats .
m-Coumaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of m-Coumaric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. m-Coumaric acid is a polyphenol metabolite from caffeic acid, formed by the gut microflora and the amount in human biofluids is diet-dependant. m-Coumaric acid is a BBB-penetrant metabolite of chlorogenic acid. m-Coumaric acid stimulates the cerebral nerves in vitro. m-Coumaric acid can evoke neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neuronal cells. m-Coumaric acid can promote neuronal differentiation. m-Coumaric acid increases spontaneous locomotor activity in mice by acting on the central nervous system. m-Coumaric acid inhibits the oxidation of L-dopa by epidermis tyrosinase. m-Coumaric acid attenuates non-catalytic protein glycosylation in retinas of diabetic rats .
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium salt is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (HY-113416). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium salt (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (HY-B0765). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
Midkine (MDK) protein is a multifunctional cytokine and growth factor that signals through cell surface proteoglycan and non-proteoglycan receptors. MDK regulates inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, adhesion, growth, survival, tissue regeneration, differentiation, and migration and plays a crucial role in inflammation by recruiting neutrophils and macrophages. Animal-Free MDK Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeMDK protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. This product is for cell culture use only.
Pleiotrophin is a secreted growth factor that signals through cell surface proteoglycan and non-proteoglycan receptors to influence a variety of cellular processes. It binds to chondroitin sulfate (CS) groups, regulates proliferation, survival and differentiation, and inhibits long-term synaptic potentiation of neurons. Pleiotrophin Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived Pleiotrophin protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of Pleiotrophin Protein, Human is 136 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.3 kDa.
Pleiotrophin is a secreted growth factor that signals through cell surface proteoglycan and non-proteoglycan receptors to influence a variety of cellular processes. It binds to chondroitin sulfate (CS) groups, regulates proliferation, survival and differentiation, and inhibits long-term synaptic potentiation of neurons. Animal-Free Pleiotrophin Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreePleiotrophin protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. This product is for cell culture use only.
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate-d6 sodium dihydrate is the deuterium labeled Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium dihydrate is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt-d6 (DHEA sulfate sodium salt-d6; Prasterone sulfate sodium salt-d6) is the deuterium labeled Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (HY-B0765). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium salt is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .
MAP4343-d4 is the deuterium labeled MAP4343. MAP4343 is the 3-methylether derivative of Pregnenolone. MAP4343 binds in vitro to microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), stimulates the polymerization of tubulin, enhances the extension of neurites and protects neurons against neurotoxic agents .
