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TrxR-IN-5 (compound 4f) is a potent TrxR (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.16 μM. TrxR-IN-5 increases the levels of ROS, thus leading to potent antiproliferative effects. TrxR-IN-5 exhibits prominent anticacer and anti-metastasis effects .
TrxR-IN-4 (Compound 1b) is a potent inhibitor of TrxR. TrxR-IN-4 induces HepG2 cells apoptosis by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). TrxR-IN-4 improves the CCl4-induced liver damage in vivo by down-regulation of TrxR expression and inflammation level .
TrxR inhibitor D9 is a potent and selective inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), with an EC50 of 2.8 nM. TrxR inhibitor D9 has the capability to inhibit tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo .
TrxR-IN-8 (Compound 6f) is a selective TrxR inhibitor (IC50: 10.2 μM). TrxR-IN-8 induces apoptosis through oxidative stress by stimulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing intracellular thiols, and lowering the glutathione/glutathione ratio. TrxR-IN-8 exhibits significant cytotoxicity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells .
TrxR-IN-3 (Compound 2c) is a potent inhibitor of TrxR. TrxR-IN-3 exhibits potent antiproliferative activities against five human cancer cell lines, especially against breast tumor cells. TrxR-IN-3 increases ROS levels and resulted in marked apoptosis by regulating apoptosis-related proteins expressed in the breast cancer cells. TrxR-IN-3 also triggers the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes by promoting the expression of LC3-II and Beclin-1 and diminishing the expression of LC3-I and p62 proteins .
TrxR-IN-7 (14f) is a potent thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.5 μM. TrxR-IN-7 shows antiproliferative activity. TrxR-IN-7 induces apoptosis and ROS generation .
TrxR1-IN-2 (Compound 6a) is a TrxR1 inhibitor that covalently binds to the Cys475 and Sec498 sites of TrxR1, thereby inhibiting TrxR1 activity and leading to redox homeostasis disruption, which triggers apoptosis and ferroptosis .
TrxR-IN-2, a potential thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor, represents a promising candidate drug for the chemoresearch of drug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma.
TrxR1 prodrug-1 (compound 5u) is a potent inhibitor of TrxR1. TrxR1 prodrug-1 exhibits significant antitumor efficiency in nude mice and NSCLC organoids .
TrxR/EGFR-IN-1 (Compound L1Au2) is a TrxR/EGFR inhibitor. TrxR/EGFR-IN-1 is active against both Gefitinib (HY-50895)-sensitive and resistant lung cancers, effectively inhibiting tumor proliferation and promoting apoptosis. TrxR/EGFR-IN-1 promotes the degradation of GPX4 protein through autophagolysosomal and proteasomal pathways, leading to ferroptosis. In addition, TrxR/EGFR-IN-1 can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and trigger immunogenic cell death. TrxR/EGFR-IN-1 can be used for the research of Gefitinib (HY-50895)-resistant lung cancer .
TrxR-IN-6 (compound 1d) is a TrxR inhibitor that induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and has anticancer activity. TrxR-IN-6 can further lead to redox system collapse, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and DNA damage. Finally, it causes oxidative stress and induces apoptosis .
TrxR1-IN-B19 (GO-Y015) (Compound B19) is a Curcumin (HY-N0005) derivative and colvalent TrxR1 inhibitor. TrxR1-IN-B19 inhibits TrxR1 enzyme activity to elevate oxidative stress, and then induce ROS-mediated ER Stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, subsequently resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis .
TRFS-green is a highly selective off−on fluorescent probe for imaging selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in living cells. TRFS-green has the maximum absorbance at around 373 nm. After it is activated by TrxR, the maximum absorbance shifts to around 440 nm .
Fast-TRFS is a selective and superfast fluorogenic probe of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Fast-TRFS can be used for imaging TrxR activity in live cells .
Ethaselen (BBSKE) is an orally active, selective thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.5 and 0.35 μM for the wild-type human TrxR1 and rat TrxR1, respectively. Ethaselen specifically binds to the unique selenocysteine-cysteine redox pair in the C-terminal active site of mammalian TrxR1. Ethaselen, an organoselenium compound, is a potent antitumor candidate that exerts potent inhibition on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by targeting TrxR .
TRFS-red, a red fluorescence emission off-on probe, is selective for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). TRFS-red exhibits high response rate and sensitivity. TRFS-red can be used for imaging live cells .
Aurothiomalate sodium is a potent and selective oncogenic PKCι signaling inhibitor. Aurothiomalate sodium inhibits tumor cell proliferation and not cell apoptosis. Aurothiomalate sodium is a potent thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor. Aurothiomalate sodium, an anti-rheumatoid agent, exhibits potent anti-tumor activity .
DVD-445 (Compound 7) is a potent peptidomimetic covalent thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.60 μM for rat TrxR1. DVD-445 has good anticancer application .
ROS-generating agent 1 (Compound 2c) covalently modifies the Sec-498 residue of TrxR to generate ROS. ROS-generating agent 1 reduces intracellular TrxR protein level. ROS-generating agent 1 results in ROS-dependent apoptosis and ferroptosis of NCI-H460 cells. ROS-generating agent 1 has anti-cancer activities .
CPUL1 is a TrxR inhibitor, which shows proliferation-inhibitory and anti-metastatic activity against A549 cells. CPUL1 influences EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) via inducing ROS-mediated ERK/JNK signaling by inhibiting TrxR1 enzyme activity. CPUL1 in combination with α-Lipoic Acid (HY-N0492) or Dithiodipropionic acid (HY-W014395) is more effective .
Manumycin A is a polyketide antibiotic and an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR-1). Manumycin A can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and exert its anti-tumor activity through LC3. Manumycin A can downregulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes stimulated by TNF α, and has potential anti-inflammatory activity. Manumycin A can inhibit the Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling and hnRNP H1 in castration resistant prostate cancer cells to suppress exosome biogenesis and secretion .
Chaetocin is a specific inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase (HMT) SU(VAR)3-9 with an IC50 of 0.6 μM for SU(VAR)3-9. It also inhibits thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) with an IC50 of 4 μM.
ZC0101 is a potent, orally active IDO1 and TrxR dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.084 μM and 7.98 μM, respectively. ZC0101 effectively induces apoptosis and ROS accumulation in cancer cells .
PMX464 (AW 464), a thiol-reactive quinol, is the inhibitor of thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (Trx/TrxR) system. PMX464 can inhibit NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory activation of human type II alveolar epithelial cells .
DDHF20 is an antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus, targeting and inhibiting its thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). It acts as a competitive inhibitor for the NADPH binding site. DDHF20 is expected to be used in research related to antimicrobial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus .
Auranofin (SKF-39162) is a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.2 μM. Auranofin exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV21, with a CC50 of 4.2 μM for monkey kidney Vero E6 cells.
Nitrovin is an antibacterial growth promoter. Nitrovin induces ROS-mediated non-apoptotic and apoptotic-like cell death by targeting TrxR1. Nitrovin has anticancer activity, with IC50 values of 1.31-6.60 μM for tumor and normal cells .
Nitrovin hydrochloride is an antibacterial growth promoter. Nitrovin hydrochloride induces ROS-mediated non-apoptotic and apoptotic-like cell death by targeting TrxR1. Nitrovin hydrochloride has anticancer activity, with IC50 values of 1.31-6.60 μM for tumor and normal cells .
Aurothioglucose (Gold thioglucose), containing monovalent gold ion, is a potent active-site inhibitor of TrxR1 (thioredoxin reductase 1), with an IC50 of 65 nM. Aurothioglucose inhibits the DNA binding of NF-κB in vitro. Aurothioglucose shows anti-HIV and anti-rheumatic activities .
MitoCur-1, a curcumin analogue, is an inhibitor of mitochondrial antioxidative thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2). MitoCur-1 has electrophilic and mitochondrial-targeting properties. MitoCur-1 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, exerts specifically antitumor efficacy .
BGC4 is a biphenyl-based gold(III) complex. BGC4 inhibits human recombinant thioredoxin reductase(TrxR) with an IC50 of 10.7 μM, exhibits cytotoxicity (IC50 for MDA-MB-231 is 5.4 μM), and induces apoptosis. BGC4 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse models .
ZC0109 is a dual inhibitor of IDO1 and thioredoxin reductase 1(TrxR1) with IC50s of 50 nM and 3.0 μM, respectively. ZC0109 induces ROS accumulation and cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase, thus leads to cancer cells apoptosis .
Auranofin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Auranofin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Auranofin (SKF-39162) is a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.2 μM. Auranofin exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV21, with a CC50 of 4.2 μM for monkey kidney Vero E6 cells.
Eprenetapopt (APR-246) is a first-in-class, small molecule that restores wild-type p53 functions in TP53-mutant cells. Eprenetapopt triggers apoptosis in tumor cells. Eprenetapopt also targets the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a key regulator of cellular redox balance .
Photosensitizer-6 (Compound 4) is a gold (I) complex and exhibits inhibitory activity against TrxR. Photosensitizer-6 induces apoptosis in 4T1 cell, targets and eradicates tumors through chemo-phototherapy and immunogenic cell death under light exposure. Photosensitizer-6 can be used for tumor imaging .
Dithiodipropionic acid can interact with CPUL1 (HY-151802, a TrxR inhibitor) to form nanoaggregates (CPUL1-DA NAs). CPUL1-DA NAs generates more abundant ROS to induce cell apoptosis than that of free CPUL1, and improves antitumor efficacy against HUH7 cancer cells .
Eprenetapopt (GMP) (APR-246(GMP)) is Eprenetapopt (HY-19980) in GMP grade. Eprenetapopt (APR-246) is a first-in-class, small molecule that restores wild-type p53 functions in TP53-mutant cells. Eprenetapopt triggers apoptosis in tumor cells. Eprenetapopt also targets the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a key regulator of cellular redox balance .
Keap1-Nrf2-IN-24 (compound 57) is a potent Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor with a Ki value of 13 nM. Keap1-Nrf2-IN-24 increases the protein expression of TRXR1 and NQO1. Keap1-Nrf2-IN-24 increases the AKR1B10 mRNA expression. Keap1-Nrf2-IN-24 shows good metabolic stability .
NADPH is a coenzyme of glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), and participates in redox reactions as a hydrogen donor. NADPH has the characteristic of selectively participating in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis. NADPH exerts antioxidant activity and resists reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage by providing reducing equivalents for the regeneration of glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx); at the same time, it acts as a substrate of NOX to generate superoxide anions, mediating oxidative stress and immune response. NADPH participates in maintaining the intracellular reducing environment, biosynthesis and regulating gene expression (such as the Nrf2 pathway), and is mainly used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer) and immune regulation mechanisms .
Fast-TRFS is a selective and superfast fluorogenic probe of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Fast-TRFS can be used for imaging TrxR activity in live cells .
TRFS-red, a red fluorescence emission off-on probe, is selective for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). TRFS-red exhibits high response rate and sensitivity. TRFS-red can be used for imaging live cells .
Eprenetapopt (GMP) (APR-246(GMP)) is Eprenetapopt (HY-19980) in GMP grade. Eprenetapopt (APR-246) is a first-in-class, small molecule that restores wild-type p53 functions in TP53-mutant cells. Eprenetapopt triggers apoptosis in tumor cells. Eprenetapopt also targets the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a key regulator of cellular redox balance .
Eprenetapopt (GMP) (APR-246(GMP)) is Eprenetapopt (HY-19980) in GMP grade. Eprenetapopt (APR-246) is a first-in-class, small molecule that restores wild-type p53 functions in TP53-mutant cells. Eprenetapopt triggers apoptosis in tumor cells. Eprenetapopt also targets the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), a key regulator of cellular redox balance .
Thioredoxin reductase peptide TFA corresponds to residues 53–67 in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), used in thioredoxin reductase research. Thioredoxin reductase acts as a reductant of disulfide-containing proteins and plays crucial role in cellular antioxidant defense .
Thioredoxin reductase peptide corresponds to residues 53–67 in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), used in thioredoxin reductase research. Thioredoxin reductase acts as a reductant of disulfide-containing proteins and plays crucial role in cellular antioxidant defense .
Manumycin A is a polyketide antibiotic and an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR-1). Manumycin A can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and exert its anti-tumor activity through LC3. Manumycin A can downregulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes stimulated by TNF α, and has potential anti-inflammatory activity. Manumycin A can inhibit the Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling and hnRNP H1 in castration resistant prostate cancer cells to suppress exosome biogenesis and secretion .
Chaetocin is a specific inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase (HMT) SU(VAR)3-9 with an IC50 of 0.6 μM for SU(VAR)3-9. It also inhibits thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) with an IC50 of 4 μM.
NADPH is a coenzyme of glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), and participates in redox reactions as a hydrogen donor. NADPH has the characteristic of selectively participating in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis. NADPH exerts antioxidant activity and resists reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage by providing reducing equivalents for the regeneration of glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx); at the same time, it acts as a substrate of NOX to generate superoxide anions, mediating oxidative stress and immune response. NADPH participates in maintaining the intracellular reducing environment, biosynthesis and regulating gene expression (such as the Nrf2 pathway), and is mainly used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer) and immune regulation mechanisms .
The homodimeric flavoprotein TRXR1/TXNRD1 plays a key role in cellular redox regulation, growth and differentiation. It reduces the disulfide protein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol-containing form and exhibits reductase activity towards hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). TRXR1/TXNRD1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived TRXR1/TXNRD1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
The homodimeric flavoprotein TRXR1/TXNRD1 plays a key role in cellular redox regulation, growth and differentiation. It reduces the disulfide protein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol-containing form and exhibits reductase activity towards hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). TRXR1/TXNRD1 Protein, Human (N-His) is the recombinant human-derived TRXR1/TXNRD1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
TXNRD2 Antibody (YA5251) is a mouse-derived and non-conjugated monoclonal antibody, targeting to TXNRD2. It can be applicated for WB assays, in the background of human.
Thioredoxin Reductase 2 Antibody (YA661) is a non-conjugated and Mouse origined monoclonal antibody about 57 kDa, targeting to Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (3F2). It can be used for WB assays with tag free, in the background of Human.
Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Antibody (YA2315) is a rabbit-derived non-conjugated IgG antibody (Clone NO.: YA2315), targeting Thioredoxin Reductase 1, with a predicted molecular weight of 71 kDa (observed band size: 55 kDa). Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Antibody (YA2315) can be used for WB, IHC-F, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP experiment in human, mouse background.
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