2. NF-κB Immunology/Inflammation Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. NF-κB COX Interleukin Related Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
  4. Phytohemagglutinin

Phytohemagglutinin  (Synonyms: PHA-M)

Cat. No.: HY-N7038 Purity: ≥80.0%
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Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M), the major seed lectin of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is a T-cell activator. Phytohemagglutinin stimulates human mononuclear leukocytes, inducing the expression of ChAT mRNA and potentiating ACh synthesis. Phytohemagglutinin induces dose- and time-dependent toxicity in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages, alters cellular morphology, causes organelle dysfunction, and increases the expression of NF-κB, COX2, IL-1β.

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Phytohemagglutinin

Phytohemagglutinin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 9008-97-3

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Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Phytohemagglutinin:

Phytohemagglutinin Related Antibodies

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IL-1 IL-2 IL-3 IL-4 IL-5 IL-6 IL-8 IL-10 IL-12 IL-13 IL-15 IL-17 IL-23 IL-7 IL-33 IL-22

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Description

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M), the major seed lectin of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is a T-cell activator. Phytohemagglutinin stimulates human mononuclear leukocytes, inducing the expression of ChAT mRNA and potentiating ACh synthesis. Phytohemagglutinin induces dose- and time-dependent toxicity in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages, alters cellular morphology, causes organelle dysfunction, and increases the expression of NF-κB, COX2, IL-1β[1][2][3][4].

IC50 & Target

Apoptosis[1]
In Vitro

Phytohemagglutinin (0.1-1000 µg/mL, 24 h) induces a reduction in cell number, the adoption of a rounded morphology, cytoskeletal destabilization and toxic response in THP-1 cells[1].
Phytohemagglutinin (0.1-1000 µg/mL, 24-72 h) reduces mitochondrial activity and lysosomal activity in MDM cells, causing significant viability loss at higher concentrations (1000 µg/mL) and prolonged exposure (72 h)[1].
Phytohemagglutinin (0.1-1000 µg/mL, 1-72 h) does not significantly induce ROS production in MDM cells at concentrations up to 1000 µg/mL over 72 h, showing only a slight increase in free radicals at 24 h with 1000 µg/mL[1].
Phytohemagglutinin (10-1000 µg/mL, 24 h) increases the expression of NF-κB, COX2, IL-1β and decreases the expression of TNF-α in MDM cells[1].
Phytohemagglutinin binds to the membranes of T-cells, stimulates metabolic activity, cell division [2].
Phytohemagglutinin (5µg/mL, 48 h) stimulates PBMCs to secrete high levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-2, IL-12, IL-10, and IL-17, while significantly reducing IL-8 levels[4].
Phytohemagglutinin significantly reduces RGC-32 expression and inhibits the growth of renal cancer cells, an effect reversed by PD-L1 ligation[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Phytohemagglutinin Related Antibodies

Immunofluorescence[1]

Cell Line: THP-1 cells and MDM cells
Concentration: 0.1, 1, 100, 1000 µg/mL
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Induced a loss of membrane integrity, which in turn led to the detachment of THP-1cells from the culture flask at 1000 µg/mL.
Caused a reduction in cell number as a result of membrane destabilization.
Induced lysosomal membrane destabilization and reduction in MDM cell number at 100 and 1000 µg/mL.
Reduced mitochondrial membrane potential at 10 and 1000 µg/mL in MDM cells.
Elicited significant membrane permeabilization in MDM cells at 1000 µg/mL.
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to light yellow

SMILES

[Phytohemagglutinin]
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 10 mg/mL (ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

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In Vivo:

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 50 mg/mL; Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

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The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥80.0%

SDS (251 KB)

COA (241 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
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Phytohemagglutinin Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Phytohemagglutinin9008-97-3PHA-MNF-κBCOXInterleukin RelatedReactive Oxygen Species (ROS)Nuclear factor-κBNuclear factor-kappaBCyclooxygenaseILTHP-1 monocytesChATinflammatory geneInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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