2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W018561
    Bis(4-octylphenyl)amine
    		Inhibitor
    Bis(4-octylphenyl)amine is an nitrogen-containing anthropogenic organic contaminant. Bis(4-octylphenyl)amine can be used as a high-temperature antioxidant additive in lubricants.
    Bis(4-octylphenyl)amine
  • HY-125670
    Lanceolarin
    		Inhibitor
    Lanceolarin is an isoflavone compound isolated from the Andira inermis plant with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities.
    Lanceolarin
  • HY-N7137S
    Norgestrel-d5
    		Inhibitor
    Norgestrel-d5 is deuterium-labeled Norgestrel (HY-N7137).
    Norgestrel-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-116920B
    (S)-Alyssin
    		Activator
    (S)-Alyssin is a enantiomer of Alyssin (HY-116920). Alyssin, found in Cruciferous Vegetables, exerts anticancer activity in HepG2 by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and tubulin depolymerization.
    (S)-Alyssin
  • HY-N4247R
    Kuwanon G (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Kuwanon G (Standard) is the analytical standard of Kuwanon G (HY-N4247). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Kuwanon G is a flavonoid compound and an antagonist of the bombesin receptor. Kuwanon G has multiple activities such as bactericidal, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, and neuroprotective effects. Kuwanon G exhibits strong antibacterial activity against oral pathogens, especially cariogenic bacteria and periodontal pathogens. Kuwanon G can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Kuwanon G can be used in the research of diseases such as gastric cancer and atherosclerosis.
    Kuwanon G (Standard)
  • HY-174829
    7,4'-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone
    		Inhibitor
    7,4'-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone is an orally active PAR4 antagonist. 7,4'-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone inhibits PAR4-mediated human platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. 7,4'-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone inhibits PAR4-mediated human platelet aggregation and PAR4 signaling pathways, including NF-κB, Ca2+/protein kinase C, Akt, ERK and p38. 7,4'-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone prevents vascular PAR4 expression, endothelial dysfunction and ameliorates oxidative stress in Streptozotocin (STZ) (HY-13753)-induced diabetic mice. 7,4'-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone prevents thrombosis in mice without affecting bleeding time[1][2].
    7,4'-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone
  • HY-124815R
    CP-312 (Standard)
    		Inducer
    CP-312 (Standard) is the analytical standard of CP-312. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. CP-312 is a potent Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducer. CP-312 protects hiPSC-CM viability by targeting the antioxidant response network through induction of HMOX1 expression. CP-312 protects human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress.
    CP-312 (Standard)
  • HY-W747703
    Hippuric acid-13C6
    		Activator
    Hippuric acid-13C6 (Benzoylglycine-13C6) is 13C labeled Hippuric acid. Hippuric Acid is an orally active metabolite. Hippuric Acid can be produced by intestinal microorganisms from the metabolism of polyphenols, benzoic acid. Hippuric Acid decreases NRF2, MMP9 and leads to ROS accumulation. Hippuric Acid activates TGFβ/SMAD signaling. Hippuric Acid improves hyperuricemia and colitis. Hippuric Acid can also be used in cardiovascular disease research. .
    Hippuric acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-109583S
    4-Oxofenretinide-d4
    4-Oxofenretinide-d4 (4-Oxo-4-HPR-d4) is deuterium labeled 4-Oxofenretinide. 4-Oxofenretinide (4-Oxo-4-HPR) is a metabolite of Fenretinide (HY-15373). 4-Oxofenretinide induces cell growth inhibition in ovarian, breast, and neuroblastoma tumor cell lines. 4-Oxofenretinide causes a marked accumulation of cells in G2-M. 4-Oxofenretinide induces cancer cell apoptosis through caspase-9.
    4-Oxofenretinide-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-136513
    Bifenox
    		Activator 99.77%
    Bifenox (MC-4379) is a nitrophenyl ether herbicide. Bifenox disrupts cellular membrane, inhibits photosynthesis and inhibits the protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Bifenox increases the ROS production in the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
    Bifenox
  • HY-W416228
    1-O-Caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose
    		Inhibitor
    1-O-Caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose, a phenylpropanoid compound derived from Illicium majus, exhibits significant antioxidant activity and can scavenge DPPH radicals in vitro, with an IC50 value of 37.7 μM.
    1-O-Caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose
  • HY-B2046R
    Simazine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Simazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Simazine (HY-B2046). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Simazine is a triazine herbicide. Simazine is widely used in agriculture, potted plant and tree production. In addition, Simazine can induce the apoptosis of immune cells in the spleen of mice and inhibit the proliferation of B cells and T cells in mice.
    Simazine (Standard)
  • HY-168960
    ROS inducer 8
    		Inducer
    ROS inducer 8 (Compound 11g) is the inhibitor for glutathione (GSH), that induces the ROS accumulation in Enterococcus faecalis, thereby exhibiting antibacterial activity. ROS inducer 8 disrupts the biofilm, inhibits S. aureus and E. faecalis with MIC of 8 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, exhibits post-antibiotic effect. ROS inducer 8 exhibits low hemolytic toxicity to sheep erythrocytes (HC50 > 1280 μg/mL).
    ROS inducer 8
  • HY-B0347S
    Lacidipine-d10
    Lacidipine-d10 is the deuterium labeled Lacidipine. Lacidipine (Lacipil, Motens) is a L-type calcium channel blocker.
    Lacidipine-</sub>d<sub>10</sub>
  • HY-42034R
    Hydroquinine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Hydroquinine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydroquinine. Hydroquinine (Dihydroquinine) is an anti-bacterial agent that inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hydroquinine inhibits the growth of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa via the suppression of the arginine deiminase pathway genes. Hydroquinine inhibits Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei. Hydroquinine displays anti-malarial and demelanizing activities. Hydroquinine effectively induces specific RND-type efflux pump systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, particularly the MexCD-OprJ and MexXY efflux pumps. Hydroquinine inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion and biofilm formation. Hydroquinine serves as a precursor for derivatives such as C9 epihydroquinine, 9-acetoxy-10,11-dihydroquinine, and 10,11-dihydroquinine monohydrochloride.
    Hydroquinine (Standard)
  • HY-B1204S3
    Histamine-13C5
    Histamine-13C5 is the 13C labeled Histamine (HY-B1204). Histamine is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-124068
    LQB-118
    		Inducer
    LQB-118 is an orally active compound derived from sandalwood. LQB-118 can inhibit the migration of glioblastoma cells and induce cell death. LQB-118 can suppress the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells by regulating the AKT/GSK3β pathway and the expression of the MMP-9/reck genes. LQB-118 can also inhibit yeast polysaccharide-induced inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, LQB-118 selectively induces ROS-triggered and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in Leishmania amazonensis. LQB-118 can be used in studies related to inflammation, infections, and cancer diseases.
    LQB-118
  • HY-N7063S
    Nerol-d2
    		Activator
    Nerol-d2 is deuterated labeled Nerol (HY-N7063). Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity.
    Nerol-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-119695AR
    Simvastatin acid ammonium (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin acid (ammonium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Simvastatin acid (ammonium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Simvastatin acid (Tenivastatin) ammonium is a potent HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Simvastatin acid ammonium reduces Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Simvastatin acid ammonium can also modulates OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene.
    Simvastatin acid ammonium (Standard)
  • HY-113341R
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol (Standard)
    		Agonist
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 7β-Hydroxycholesterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 7β-Hydroxycholesterol is an oxysterol that derived by the oxidation of cholesterol. 7β-hydroxycholesterol can induce cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis, resulting in cytotoxicity. 7β-hydroxycholesterol has antitumor activity.
    7β-Hydroxycholesterol (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity