2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0310R
    Soyasaponin Bb (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Soyasaponin Bb (Standard) is the analytical standard of Soyasaponin Bb (HY-N0310). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Soyasaponin Bb is an orally active, covalent inducer of heme oxygenase HO-1 and an inhibitor of aldose reductase AKR1B1. Soyasaponin Bb can regulate oxidative stress pathways, enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and inhibit lipid peroxidation and hepatocyte apoptosis. Soyasaponin Bb improves alcohol-induced hepatocyte membrane damage and liver function abnormalities, and improves Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced memory impairment. Soyasaponin Bb has antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities.
    Soyasaponin Bb (Standard)
  • HY-123581R
    Quinocetone (Standard)
    		Agonist
    Quinocetone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quinocetone (HY-123581). This product is used for research and analytical purposes. Quinocetone is an orally active animal feed additive used to increase the meat production of livestock and poultry. Quinocetone exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Quinocetone exhibits tissue-specific (liver, lymphocyte) toxicity. Quinocetone induces autophagy in cells through the ATF6/DAPK1 pathway. Quinocetone activates the NF-κB and iNOS pathways, leading to cell apoptosis, hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration and fibrosis. Quinocetone can inhibit Nrf2/HO-1 and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage.
    Quinocetone (Standard)
  • HY-B0455R
    Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Lomefloxacin (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (HY-B0455). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (NY-198 hydrochloride) is an orally active difluoroquinolone antibiotic. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride prevents DNA supercoiling and replication by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride induces ROS production and Apoptosis. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride has anticancer effects against melanoma. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride can be used in the study of systemic bacterial infections (such as Salmonella typhimurium infections), skin and melanoma .
    Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N7000R
    Perillyl alcohol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Perillyl alcohol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Perillyl alcohol (HY-N7000). Perillyl alcohol is an orally active monoterpene. Perillyl alcohol exhibits multiple activities such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and anti-nociceptive effects. Perillyl alcohol can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in tumor cells.
    Perillyl alcohol (Standard)
  • HY-100599R
    Urolithin A (Standard)
    Atractylodin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Atractylodin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Atractylodin (Atractydin) is an orally active active ingredient obtained from the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis. Atractylodin is a natural insecticide. Atractylodin has anti-inflammatory activity.
    Urolithin A (Standard)
  • HY-178340
    Antifungal agent 137
    		Inducer
    Antifungal agent 137 (Compound 4S) is an antifungal agent. Antifungal agent 137 inhibits Phomopsis sp. (PS), with an EC50 of 0.15 μg/mL. Antifungal agent 137 inhibits lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51), with an IC50 of 5.00 μg/mL. Antifungal agent 137 disrupts the morphology of PS mycelia, impairs cell membrane integrity, and induces an increase in intracellular ROS levels, triggering oxidative stress. Antifungal agent 137 can be used for the study of fungal infection.
    Antifungal agent 137
  • HY-N15272
    Artocarpesin
    		Inhibitor
    Artocarpesin is a flavonoid compound. Artocarpesin has inhibitory effects on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Artocarpesin inhibits the production of NO, PGE2 and ROS by inhibiting COX-2 and iNOS expression, and plays an anti-inflammatory role. In addition, Artocarpesin inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting cyclic nucleotides and MAPKs, which can be used in the study of cardiovascular diseases.
    Artocarpesin
  • HY-13619AR
    Efaproxiral sodium (Standard)
    Efaproxiral (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Efaproxiral (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 0
    Efaproxiral sodium (Standard)
  • HY-N3562
    Cedrin
    		Inhibitor
    Cedrin is a natural flavonoid that can be found in Cedrus deodara. Cedrin protects PC12 cells against neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42. Cedrin can reduce reactive oxygen species overproduction, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease malondialdehyde content.
    Cedrin
  • HY-W747504
    TAN-420E
    		Inhibitor
    TAN-420E (Dihydroherbimycin A) is an antibiotic, that can be isolated from the fermentation product of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. TAN-420E exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells P-388 and KB. TAN-420E scavenges DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 1.3 μM.
    TAN-420E
  • HY-100618R
    Hispidin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Hispidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hispidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hispidin, a PKC inhibitor and a phenolic compound can be found in Phellinus linteus, has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia properties[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
    Hispidin (Standard)
  • HY-17402S2
    Nisoldipine-d7
    Nisoldipine-d7 (BAY-k 5552-d7) is the deuterium labeled Nisoldipine. Nisoldipine(BAY-k 5552) is a calcium channel blocker belonging to the dihydropyridines class, specific for L-type Cav1.2 with IC50 of 10 nM.
    Nisoldipine-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-W001542R
    5-Hydroxyoxindole (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid for its antioxidant. 5-Hydroxyoxindole has DPPH radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation-inhibitory activities. 5-Hydroxyoxindole is a product of partial metabolism of tryptophan involving conversion in the gut lumen of tryptophan to indole through the action of bacterial tryptophanase and tryptophan synthase. 5-Hydroxyoxindole is one of the main molecules responsible for the neurological symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy in rats. 5-Hydroxyoxindole can be used for the research of oxidative stress-mediated disorders.
    5-Hydroxyoxindole (Standard)
  • HY-135897R
    Urolithin C (Standard)
    		Activator
    Urolithin C (Standard) is the analytical standard of Urolithin C. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Urolithin C, a gut-microbial metabolite of Ellagic acid, is a glucose-dependent activator of insulin secretion. Urolithin C is a L-type Ca2+ channel opener and enhances Ca2+ influx. Urolithin C induces cell apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway and also stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation.
    Urolithin C (Standard)
  • HY-N8407R
    Carminic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Carminic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carminic acid (HY-N8407). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carminic acid is a widely used and orally active natural red pigment that can be used in industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In addition, carminic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
    Carminic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N5092R
    7-Methylcoumarin (Standard)
    7-Methylcoumarin (Standard) is the analytical standard of 7-Methylcoumarin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 7-Methylcoumarin is a coumarin derivative with potent hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. 7-Methylcoumarin is a mechanism-based inhibitor for CYP2A6. 7-Methylcoumarin significantly decreases alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and serum bilirubin (TB) in rats with CCl4-induced liver damage, whilst restoring total protein (TP) and albumin (TA) levels in serum as well as preventing oxidative stress. 7-Methylcoumarin can decline mitotic activity of A. sativum promeristem.
    7-Methylcoumarin (Standard)
  • HY-13619R
    Efaproxiral (Standard)
    		Modulator
    Efaproxiral (Standard) is the analytical standard of Efaproxiral. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Efaproxiral is a haemoglobin (Hb) synthetic allosteric modifier, decreases Hb-oxygen (O2) binding affinity and enhances oxygenation of hypoxic tumours during radiation therapy .
    Efaproxiral (Standard)
  • HY-13748R
    Silybin A (Standard)
    Silybin A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Silybin A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Silybin A (Silibinin A), an effective anti-cancer and chemopreventive agent, has been shown to exert multiple effects on cancer cells, including inhibition of both cell proliferation and migration.
    Silybin A (Standard)
  • HY-101754
    Oxyfenamate
    Oxyfenamate has anti-anxiety actions for use in anxiety neuroses.
    Oxyfenamate
  • HY-U00005
    AD 0261
    		Inhibitor
    AD 0261 is a radical scavenger which displays strong inhibitory action on the generation of lipid peroxides and superoxide anions.
    AD 0261
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity