2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-149997
    Anticancer agent 120
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 120 (compound 21) is an N-acylated ciprofloxacin derivative, which has certain antibacterial activity and induces ROS to promote cancer cell apoptosis.
    Anticancer agent 120
  • HY-146504
    Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3
    		Inducer
    Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3 (compound 7) is a potent topoisomerase I (Topo I) and II (Topo II) dual inhibitor. Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3 can inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and induce apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3 can be used for liver cancer research.
    Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3
  • HY-W740121
    4-Methoxy-d3 17b-estradiol
    4-Methoxy-d3 17b-estradiol is the deuterium labeled 4-Methoxyestradiol (HY-148296). 4-Methoxyestradiol is methoxylestradiol that induces oxidative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells. 4-Methoxyestradiol also elevates ROS and SOD activities in H1355 cells.
    4-Methoxy-d<sub>3</sub> 17b-estradiol
  • HY-W271506
    TMPO
    		Substrate
    TMPO (3,3,5,5-Tetramethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide) is a spin trap targeting free radicals. TMPO is capable of scavenging superoxide, hydroxyl radicals and inhibits thymocyte apoptosis with EC50 values of 19.1 mM (MPS-induced) to 30.7 mM (Etoposide-induced) for inhibiting DNA fragmentation. TMPO reacts with intracellular free radicals to form stable nitroxide radical products, reducing oxidative stress (e.g., decreasing peroxide levels, maintaining glutathione content) and blocking oxidative events in the apoptotic pathway. TMPO is promising for research of apoptosis in immune cells like thymocytes.
    TMPO
  • HY-176740
    PROTAC Bcl-xL degrader-4
    		Activator
    PROTAC Bcl-xL degrader-4 (Compound 2-38-III) is a Bcl-xL PROTAC degrader. PROTAC Bcl-xL degrader-4 has strong anti-tumor activity against HepG2 cells and HUVEC cells. PROTAC Bcl-xL degrader-4 induces cells apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and activating the MAPK signaling pathway. PROTAC Bcl-xL degrader-4 significantly inhibits tumor growth in xenograft tumor mouse models. Pink: MAPK ligand (HY-176741); Blue: CRBN ligase ligand (HY-10984); Black: linker (HY-W017440)
    PROTAC Bcl-xL degrader-4
  • HY-175833
    NF-κB-IN-20
    		Inhibitor
    NF-κB-IN-20 is an orally active NF-κB inhibitor. NF-κB-IN-20 directly binds to the Keap1 protein, activating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway, and simultaneously inhibiting the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, thereby synergistically reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. NF-κB-IN-20 M11 inhibits the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, significantly reduces the level of ROS, and restores the mitochondrial membrane potential. NF-κB-IN-20 can be used for the study of acute lung injury (ALI).
    NF-κB-IN-20
  • HY-158189
    TPP-Ce6
    Tpp-ce6 is a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer formed by binding chlorophyll e6 (Ce6) to triphenylphosphine (TPP) via an ester bond. TPP-Ce6 can produce ROS under light irradiation, especially singlet oxygen, which can induce oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. TPP-Ce6 can be used in the study of mitochondria in apoptosis and energy metabolism as well as cancer therapy.
    TPP-Ce6
  • HY-113978R
    6-Formylpterin (Standard)
    6-Formylpterin (Standard) is the analytical standard of 6-Formylpterin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 6-Formylpterin is an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase. 6-Formylpterin induces intracellular ROS generation and apoptosis in HL-60 cells. 6-Formylpterin suppresses cell proliferation in PanC-1 cells.
    6-Formylpterin (Standard)
  • HY-N0359R
    Cynarin (Standard)
    Cynarin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cynarin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.
    Cynarin (Standard)
  • HY-N2584AR
    Isoxanthohumol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Isoxanthohumol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoxanthohumol (HY-N2584A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoxanthohumol is an orally active flavonoid compound. Isoxanthohumol has biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, and inhibition of adipogenesis. Isoxanthohumol can induce apoptosis, autophagy, and migration of tumor cells. Isoxanthohumol is active against viruses such as HSV, BVDV, CMV, and Rhino. Isoxanthohumol can be used for the research of tumors, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases.
    Isoxanthohumol (Standard)
  • HY-178513
    Anti-MRSA agent 38
    		Activator
    Anti-MRSA agent 38 is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent (MIC = 0.0625-2 µg/mL). Anti-MRSA agent 38 can inhibit ribosomal protein synthesis. Anti-MRSA agent 38 exerts multiple bactericidal effects by disrupting bacterial membrane structure and inducing ROS accumulation. Anti-MRSA agent 38 can selectively kill tumor cells, such as HGC-27 (IC50 = 0.86 µM), MRC-5 (IC50 = 5.52 µM), and RPC (IC50 = 6.09 µM) cells. Anti-MRSA agent 38 can be used to study infectious diseases such as bacterial infection.
    Anti-MRSA agent 38
  • HY-N1965R
    Gaultherin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Gaultherin (Standard) is the analytical standard for Gaultherin (HY-N1965). Gaultherin is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Gaultherin selectively inhibits NF-κB, MAPK, COX-2 (IC50 = 0.35 mg/mL), LOX (IC50 = 0.56 mg/mL) and HYAL (IC50 = 28.58 μg/mL) to exert anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects. Gaultherin exhibits modest direct antioxidant capacity, greater in cell-based models. Gaultherin does not affect COX-1 so that avoids the common gastrointestinal side effects of Aspirin (HY-14654).
    Gaultherin (Standard)
  • HY-N11934
    Piperkadsin A
    		Inhibitor
    Piperkadsin A is a potent inhibitor of ROS. Piperkadsin inhibits PMA-induced ROS production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils with an IC50 of 4.3 μM.
    Piperkadsin A
  • HY-165362
    AO-1535
    		Inhibitor
    AO-1535 is a semisynthetic monoglycosylceramide that inhibits the production of reactive oxygen intermediates in human monocytes and macrophages stimulated by phorbol ester and chemotactic tetrapeptide. AO-1535 can be used for the research of inflammatory dermatoses.
    AO-1535
  • HY-116722
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
    		Inducer
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and can be used as a marker of oxidative stress.
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
  • HY-A0278R
    Hexaconazole (Standard)
    Hexaconazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexaconazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications.
    Hexaconazole (Standard)
  • HY-N7063S1
    Nerol-d6
    		Activator
    Nerol-d6 is deuterated labeled Nerol (HY-N7063). Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity.
    Nerol-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-I0508R
    Phthalic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Phthalic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phthalic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phthalic acid is the final common metabolite of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). Phthalic acid can be used for the synthesis of synthetic agents, such as isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA). Phthalic acid has applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers. Phthalic acid exhibits mutagenic effect and causes genetic damage in mammalian germ cells.
    Phthalic acid (Standard)
  • HY-137034
    (+)-Secolongifolene-diol
    (+)-Secolongifolene-diol is a sesquiterpene, that can be isolated from the marine fungal Drechslera sp. (+)-Secolongifolene-diol exhibits slightly weak effectiveness in antioxidation, antimicrobial and antifouling aspects.
    (+)-Secolongifolene-diol
  • HY-114911R
    Feprazone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Feprazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Feprazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Feprazone (DA2370; Prenazone), an analogue of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Feprazone acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Feprazone ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Feprazone can decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, Feprazone can suppress adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in differentiating 3 T3-L1 cells. Feprazone also can be used to research atherosclerosis and obesity.
    Feprazone (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity