2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-146505
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-6
    		Inducer
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-6 (compound 5f) is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1.09 μM. Tubulin polymerization-IN-6 inhibits cell migration and tube formation and contributes to the anti-angiogenesis. Tubulin polymerization-IN-6 can greatly inhibit tumor growth on HT29 xenograft Balb/c nude mice.
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-6
  • HY-173144
    AChE-IN-85
    		Inhibitor
    AChE-IN-85 (Compound 7k) is an AChE inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.083 μM. AChE-IN-85 can inhibit the release of NO, the production of TNF-α and IL-1β, the levels of LDH and ROS, as well as the aggregation of Aβ42. AChE-IN-85 has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects and can be used in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
    AChE-IN-85
  • HY-114977S
    Avenanthramide A-d4
    Avenanthramide A-d4 is the deuterium labeled Avenanthramide A (HY-114977). Avenanthramide A is a phytoalexin, which can be found in oats (Avena sativa L.). Avenanthramide A targets the RNA helicase DDX3, leads to mitochondrial swelling and increased ROS production, and induces apoptosis in CRC cells. Avenanthramide A exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model. Avenanthramide A orally active.
    Avenanthramide A-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-D0187B
    L-Glutathione reduced monosodium
    L-Glutathione reduced monosodium is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
    L-Glutathione reduced monosodium
  • HY-W725476
    Bifenazate-d5
    Bifenazate-d5 is the deuterium labeled Bifenazate (HY-119687). Bifenazate is a carbazate acaricide that control 100% of mites at a concentration of 25 ppm. Bifenazate is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptor. Bifenazate is the inhibitor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III.
    Bifenazate-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-155065
    SB-1295
    		Inducer
    SB-1295 is an orally active CDK9/T1 inhibitor (IC50=0.17 μM). SB-1295 shows antiproliferative activity in HCT 116 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. SB-1295 also induces MIA PaCa-2 cell death by inducing intracellular ROS production, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and inducing apoptosis. SB-1295 has the potential to study cancer.
    SB-1295
  • HY-149036
    PAA5
    		Inducer
    PAA5 is a methide carbon-centered polynuclear Au(I) cluster. PAA5 can release Au(I) causing Pro-oxidant response and accelerated ferroptosis. PAA5 increases the expression of pH2AX in a time-dependent manner. PAA5 has anticancer activity.
    PAA5
  • HY-139211
    Difluorinated Curcumin
    		Inhibitor
    Difluorinated Curcumin (3,4-Difluorobenzylidene curcumin) is a fluorinated curcumin analog with high bioavailability and anticancer activity. Difluorinated Curcumin inhibits the self-renewal ability of tumor stem/stem-like cells, clonogenicity, invasiveness and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Difluorinated Curcumin also increases cell sensitivity to chemotherapy.
    Difluorinated Curcumin
  • HY-178454
    Multitarget AD-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    Multitarget AD-IN-3 is a brain-penetrant neuroprotective agent. Multitarget AD-IN-3 can selectively inhibit MAO-B with an IC50 of 4.42 μM and a SI of 18.12. Multitarget AD-IN-3 can eliminate ROS. Multitarget AD-IN-3 Multitarget AD-IN-3 can inhibit Aβ1-42 self-aggregation and can reverse Aβ1-42-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and inhibit apoptosis. Multitarget AD-IN-3 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
    Multitarget AD-IN-3
  • HY-P10817
    Corza6
    		Inhibitor
    Corza6 is a potent and selective human voltage-gated proton channel (hHv1) peptide inhibitor. Corza6 binds to the external voltage sensor domain (VSD) loop in hHv1 with a Kd of ~1 nM at the natural, hyperpolarized resting membrane potential (RMP) of mammalian cells. Corza6 allows capacitation in sperm and permits sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in white blood cells (WBCs).
    Corza6
  • HY-N0638R
    Dendrobine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Dendrobine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dendrobine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dendrobine is an alkaloid isolated from Dendrobium nobile. Dendrobine possesses antiviral activity against influenza A viruses, with IC50s of 3.39 μM, 2.16 μM and 5.32 μM for A/FM-1/1/47 (H1N1), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H274Y (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), respectively. Dendrobine activates the JNK/p38/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dendrobine exhibits antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
    Dendrobine (Standard)
  • HY-N0070R
    Solasonine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Solasonine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Solasonine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Solasonine is a ferroptosis inducer which can be isolated from Solanum melongena that has anti-infection, anti-cancer, and neurogenesis promoting properties. Solasonine promotes ferroptosis of HCC cells via destruction of the glutathione redox system induced by inhibiting GPX4, and can be used for cancer research.
    Solasonine (Standard)
  • HY-N11887
    Linocinnamarin
    		Inhibitor
    Linocinnamarin is a nature product that could be isolated from Fragaria ananassa Duch. Linocinnamarin has anti-inflammatory activity. Linocinnamarin inhibits antigen-stimulated elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) .
    Linocinnamarin
  • HY-B0847S1
    Propiconazole-d3 nitrate
    		Activator
    Propiconazole-d3 (nitrate) is the deuterium labeled Propiconazole nitrate. Propiconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide that inhibits the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, leading to fungal cell membrane disruption. Propiconazole inhibits S. cerevisiae, but not rat liver, microsomal cytochrome P450 (IC50s=0.04 and >200 µM, respectively). Propiconazole inhibits the growth of T. deformans and R. stolonifer (ED50s=0.073 and 4.6 µg/mL, respectively). Propiconazole increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Propiconazole-d<sub>3</sub> nitrate
  • HY-126876
    GL-V9
    		Activator
    GL-V9 inhibits proliferation of HepG2 cell (IC50 is 35.2 μM) through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. GL-V9 regulates mitochondrial membrane potential and increases the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. GL-V9 inhibits the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), enhances fatty acid oxidation (FAO) through activation of AMPK, and thus inhibits the metastasis of cancer cells. GL-V9 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model.
    GL-V9
  • HY-W015600S
    2-Acetamidophenol-d3
    2-Acetamidophenol-d3 (Orthocetamol-d3) is the deuterium labeled 2-Acetamidophenol (HY-W015600). 2-Acetamidophenol (Orthocetamol) is a regulator that targets ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathways, is the ortho-regioisomer of Paracetamol (HY-66005). 2-Acetamidophenol has anti-atherosclerotic activity, and inhibiting total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model with IC50s for 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively. 2-Acetamidophenol upregulates the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes (such as GCLC, GCLM, GSS) and iron ion transport genes (such as FPN1, FTH), reduces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions (Fe2+), and enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase GPX4, thereby inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and foam cell formation.
    2-Acetamidophenol-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-P3148
    Astin B
    		Inducer
    Astin B is a orally active and potent cyclic pentapeptide, that can be isolated from Aster tataricus. Astin B has hepatotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo and that hepatic injury was primarily mediated by apoptosis in a mitochondria/caspase-dependent manner. Astin B induces autophagy in L-02 cells, increases LC3-II and decreases p62 expression.
    Astin B
  • HY-W040298
    Ciprofloxacin lactate
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) lactate is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin lactate induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin lactate has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin lactate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin lactate
  • HY-146048
    Antitumor agent-57
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-57 (Compound 3o) is an NQO1-directed antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-57 inhibits tumor cell growth, triggers ROS generation and induces cell apoptosis.
    Antitumor agent-57
  • HY-136901
    Fusarochromanone
    		Activator
    Fusarochromanone (FC-101) is a fungal metabolite with potent anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer activity. Fusarochromanone-activated JNK pathway is attributed to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Fusarochromanone
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity