2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

PDF 4.04 MB

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-114520
    TT01001
    		Inhibitor 99.38%
    TT01001 is a potent and orally active mitoNEET ligand. TT01001 reduces oxidative stress injury and neuronal apoptosis by improving mitochondrial dysfunction. TT01001 improves type II diabetes without causing weight gain.
    TT01001
  • HY-N0411S4
    β-Carotene-13C10
    		98.16%
    β-Carotene-13C10 (Provitamin A-13C10) is the 13C-labeled β-Carotene (HY-N0411). β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.
    β-Carotene-<sub>13<sub>C<sub>10<sub>
  • HY-W010417
    4-Thiouracil
    		Inducer 99.98%
    4-Thiouracil is a thionucleobase with cytostatic properties. 4-Thiouracil can be used as biological photoprobes to detect RNA structures and nucleic acid-nucleic acid contacts. 4-Thiouracil can also act as a strong ultraviolet A (UVA) photosensitizer, providing a source of the reactive oxygen species of O2. 4-Thiouracil is promising for research of photocross linking, photodamage, as well as photodynamic therapy.
    4-Thiouracil
  • HY-N10303
    Withangulatin A
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Withangulatin A is the inhibitor for COX-2. Withangulatin A inhibits MAPK, NF-κB, Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory and trypanocidal activities.
    Withangulatin A
  • HY-N8559
    Aloesone
    		Inhibitor 99.49%
    Aloesone is a phenolic compound. Aloesone can inhibit the production of ROS, the release of NO, M1 polarization, and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS (HY-D1056). Aloesone has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
    Aloesone
  • HY-N12233
    Condurango glycoside A
    		Inducer
    Condurango glycoside A is an activator of p53. Condurango glycoside A initiates ROS generation and up-regulates p53 expression. Condurango glycoside A induces apoptosis and pre-mature senescence associated with DNA damage in HeLa cells.
    Condurango glycoside A
  • HY-W011787
    DPPD
    		Inhibitor 98.02%
    DPPD (N,N′-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine) is an orally active polymerization inhibitor and antioxidant with antioxidative activity. DPPD causes reproductive/developmental toxicity in rats. DPPD is widely used in rubber, oils, and feedstuffs, especially for tires in the rubber industry.
    DPPD
  • HY-116525
    Octaethylporphyrin
    		Inducer
    Octaethylporphyrin is a porphyrin derivative. Octaethylporphyrin is a photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent.
    Octaethylporphyrin
  • HY-132426S
    Thiram-d12
    		Activator 99.90%
    Thiram-d12 is the deuterium labeled Thiram. Thiram, a fungicides, is widely used on seeds and as foliar agent on turf, vegetables and fruit.Thiram acts as a vulcanization accelerator in the rubber industry. Thiram induces antioxidant defense and oxidative stress. Thiram can act as a prooxidant resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Thiram-d<sub>12</sub>
  • HY-W420337
    Fluopimomide
    		Activator
    Fluopimomide (LH2010A) is a potent pesticide, widely used for agricultural pest management. Fluopimomide adversely affects the nematodes growth, locomotive behaviors, reproduction, and lifespan, accompanying with enhanced of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid and lipofuscin accumulation, and malondialdehyde content. Fluopimomide inhibits antioxidant systems in the nematodes.
    Fluopimomide
  • HY-B1777AS
    Spermine-d8 tetrahydrochloride
    Spermine-d8 (tetrahydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Spermine tetrahydrochloride. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells.
    Spermine-d<sub>8</sub> tetrahydrochloride
  • HY-N2011R
    Octyl gallate (Standard)
    Octyl gallate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Octyl gallate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Octyl gallate (Progallin O) is widely used as a food additive, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Octyl gallate (Progallin O) shows selective and sensitive fluorescent property. Octyl gallate shows a marked antiviral effect against HSV-1, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and poliovirus.
    Octyl gallate (Standard)
  • HY-B0916
    Propoxur
    		Activator 99.43%
    Propoxur is a reversible, competitive, orally active AChE inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Propoxur inhibits AChE activity to induce neurotoxicity, while promoting MMP-2 expression and enhancing tumor cell migration and invasion by inducing intracellular ROS generation and activating the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. On the one hand, Propoxur inhibits AChE, leading to acetylcholine accumulation and causing neurological dysfunction; on the other hand, it promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation through ROS-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and upregulates MMP-2 and other invasion-related proteins. Propoxur is also a carbamate insecticide used to combat turf, forestry, and household pests.
    Propoxur
  • HY-125677
    SHetA2
    		Activator 99.70%
    SHetA2 is a derivative of heteroarotinoid, that exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells with IC50 of 0.37–4.6 μM. SHetA2 regulates cancer cells differentiation, induces apoptosis through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, and arrest cell cycle at G2 phase. SHetA2 exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics and antitumor efficacy in mice. SHetA2 is orally active.
    SHetA2
  • HY-N0733R
    Glucosamine hydrochloride (Standard)
    Glucosamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glucosamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.
    Glucosamine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-111226A
    (E/Z)-GSK5182
    		Activator 99.17%
    (E/Z)-GSK5182 is a racemic compound of (E)-GSK5182 and (Z)-GSK5182 isomers. GSK5182 is a highly selective and orally active inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) with an IC50 of 79 nM. GSK5182 also induces reactive oxyen species (ROS) generation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    (E/Z)-GSK5182
  • HY-145605
    Vutiglabridin
    		Inhibitor 99.74%
    Vutiglabridin (HSG4112), a racemic compound, is a potent anti-obesity agent. Vutiglabridin, an optimized structural analog of Glabridin, markedly supersedes Glabridin in weight reduction efficacy and chemical stability.
    Vutiglabridin
  • HY-15930C
    TMB monosulfate
    		99.99%
    TMB monosulfate is the monosulfate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB monosulfate is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB monosulfate can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB monosulfate can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
    TMB monosulfate
  • HY-132829
    Rucosopasem manganese
    Rucosopasem manganese (GC4711) is a selective superoxide dismutase mimetic that converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Rucosopasem manganese can be used for the research of cancer.
    Rucosopasem manganese
  • HY-W015229R
    3-Indolepropionic acid (Standard)
    3-Indolepropionic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Indolepropionic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Indolepropionic acid is shown to be a powerful antioxidant and has potential in the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. In Vitro: 3-Indolepropionic acid is shown to be a powerful antioxidant and has potential in the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. 3-Indolepropionic acid is a more potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals than melatonin. Similar to melatonin but unlike other antioxidants, 3-Indolepropionic acid scavenges radicals without subsequently generating reactive and pro-oxidant intermediate compounds. It is also suggested that indolepropionic acid, a gut microbiota-produced metabolite, is a potential biomarker for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) that may mediate its protective effect by preservation of β-cell function.
    3-Indolepropionic acid (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity